scholarly journals The Effect of Nutritional Additives and Nitrogen Supplements Used for Nellore Steers During Growth Phase Fed on Deferred Pasture

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 820
Author(s):  
Luis Carlos Vinhas Itavo ◽  
Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Itavo ◽  
Alexandre Menezes Dias ◽  
Gumercindo Loriano Franco ◽  
Maria Da Graça Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Phase ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Energy

Dry season reduces the quantity and quality of forage available for cattle. To guarantee the quantity, deferred grazing is a good alternative, however supplementation is necessary to complement the nutritional quality of the diet. Therefore, this work evaluated the inclusion of nutritional additives (virginiamycin and salinomycin) in supplements provide to Nellore steers during growth phase on deferred pasture during the dry season. One hundred and twenty castrated steers with averaging weight 280.40 (±19.59) kg were distributed into groups with 20 animals each in six paddocks with 20 hectares each of Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG4 deferred by 60 days. The total experimental period was 120 days, with rotating groups in paddocks each 15 days. The treatments consisted in a protein-energy-mineral supplement, with 30% crude protein (CP), 40% total digestible nutrient (TDN) containing three different non-protein nitrogen (NPN) sources and with or without nutritional additive. The treatment containing virginiamycin showed better performance (P <0.05) than the treatments with salinomycin and without additive (negative control). The revenue from treatment with virginiamycin (US$ 97.28) was 7.6% and 9.8% higher than of the treatments without additive (US$ 90.41) and with salinomycin (US$ 88.63) respectively. Virginiamycin used in nitrogen supplements during the growing phase of Nellore steers on deferred pasture maintains performance in dry season and increases net margin per animal.

UREA IN CORN SILAGE AS A SUPPLEMENTAL NITROGEN SOURCE FOR LACTATING COWS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. SAUER ◽  
J. D. ERFLE ◽  
S. MAHADEVAN ◽  
J. R. LESSARD
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Nitrogen

Thirty-two Holstein cows in second or later lactation were randomly allocated to four treatment groups within 7 to 10 wk postpartum. Treatment rations were fed ad libitum as a complete feed and consisted of a negative control group which was fed a corn-oats-barley concentrate-corn silage mixture (40:60) with 9.4% crude protein, a urea silage group fed the same grain concentrate mixed with corn silage that contained 0.6% urea (on a fresh weight basis) to give 12.5% total ration crude protein, a group fed a soybean meal concentrate mixed with corn silage (12.7% crude protein), and a group fed a 3% urea corn-oats-barley concentrate mixed with corn silage to give a 12.8% total ration crude protein. The three groups supplemented with protein or non-protein nitrogen had greater weight gains, feed consumption, milk yields, milk persistencies, rumen ammonia nitrogen concentrations and greater rumen microbial cell populations than the negative control group. The results indicate that urea supports milk production when fed as part of a complete feed. Previous work showed that the same daily intake of urea when fed twice daily as part of the concentrate was ineffective.

Forage yield and nutritive quality of haulm from dual-purpose cowpea cultivars for dry season, livestock and feeding in Nigeria

1970 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-496
Author(s):  
N.J. Anyanwu ◽  
O.S. Onifade ◽  
J.A. Olanite ◽  
V.I.O. Olowe ◽  
B.O. Boukar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Humid Forest ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Humid Forest Zone ◽  
Nutritive Quality

The availability of high quality forage, especially during the dry season remains a major challenge to ruminant livestock production in Nigeria and many parts of West Africa. This study was conducted to evaluate forage yield and nutritive quality of haulm from selected dual purpose cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) cultivars in the humid rain forest zone of Nigeria. The forage and pod yields of twenty cultivars were evaluated at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. Subsequently, five dual-purpose cultivars, namely IT04K-334-2, IT07K-293-3, IT04K-194-3, IT04K-405-5, IT06K-147-2, were selected based on forage and pod yields from previous trial, for determination of chemical and fibre compositions. The results revealed significant (P<0.05) differences in pod and forage yields among the twenty cowpea cultivars, with yields ranging from 0-1.5 t ha-1 and 0.1-4.5 t ha-1 for pod and forage, respectively. Cultivars IT07K-293-3, IT04K-405-5, IT06K-147-2, IT07K-194-3, IT04K-334-2, IT04K-267-8 and IT04K-339-1 recorded the highest fodder yields of at least 2715 t ha-1, with crude protein contents ranging from 10.49% in IT07K-194-3 to 13 .57 % in IT04K-405-5. Cultivars IT07K-194-3, IT07K-293-3, IT07K-220-1-9, IT06K-147-2, IT07K-187-55IT04K-332-1 recorded the highest pod yields (>700 t ha-1). There were significant (P<0.05) differences in crude protein, ether extract and non-fibre carbohydrates (NFC) contents among five cultivars selected from the top ten high yielding cultivars, based on mean ranking score. These selected cultivars are recommended as dual-purpose cowpea for the humid forest zone.

scholarly journals Effect of different agronomical measures on yield and quality of autumn saved herbage during winter grazing – 2nd communication: Crude protein, energy and ergosterol concentration

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. OPITZ VON BOBERFELD ◽  
K. BANZHAF ◽  
F. HRABE ◽  
J. SKLADANKA ◽  
S. KOZLOWSKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Central European ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Winter Grazing ◽  
Adequate Quantity

In addition to the results published in the first communication (Opitz von Boberfeld et al., 2006) this paper presents crude protein, energy (ME) and ergosterol concentrations of autumn saved herbage at different sites in Central Germany, Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic. Within these sites, the influence of the factors pre-utilisation and winter harvest date was tested over three consecutive years. Related to the different climatic conditions of the sites, crude protein concentrations of the growths pre-utilised in July varied from 149 g/kg in November to 134 g/kg of dry matter (DM) in January. The influence of climatic conditions was different on each location and varied depending on the year. Generally, the consistent effect of the factor &ldquo;site&rdquo; related to altitude could not be observed. While the energy concentrations decreased with advancing winter and partly reached the values below 6 MJ&nbsp;ME/kg of DM in January, the ergosterol concentrations increased. The results demonstrate that under Central European conditions autumn saved herbage, pre-utilised in July, could provide adequate quantity and quality for suckler cows until December. Afterwards, the utilisation of preserved forages becomes essential. &nbsp;

Effect of season on microbial and chemical characteristics of milk and yoghurt from sheep

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razzagh Mahmoudi ◽  
Reza Norian ◽  
Mohammad Reza Pajohi-Alamoti ◽  
Javad Aliakbarlu
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Casein Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

The quality and hygienic status of milk are of importance for both dairy industries and consumers. In the present study, the effect of season on the quality and microbial properties of sheep milk and yoghurt produced from sheep milk were surveyed. In total, 30 sheep-milk samples were collected from January to August 2011, and yoghurt was produced from these samples. The fat content, titratable acidity and pH showed changes across the year. Seasonal variation was found to have a significant (P < 0.05) effect on nitrogen components, particularly crude protein, non-casein protein and non-protein nitrogen contents, fat content, pH and titratable acidity. Sensory analysis showed that the quality of yoghurt samples produced in winter was higher than that of yoghurt produced in summer (P < 0.05). This work showed the effect of season on chemical and sensory properties of sheep milk and yoghurt in Qazvin, Iran.

PSIII-3 Metabolizable utilization of energy and protein for egg production by addition of dried citrus pulp and eggshell into diet for laying quails (coturnix japonica)

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 292-292
Author(s):  
Carlos Alfredo Gaona Rodríguez ◽  
Hugo Bernal Barragán ◽  
Nydia Corina Vásquez Aguilar ◽  
Estela Garza Brenner ◽  
Néstor Arce Vázquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Citrus Pulp ◽  
Protein Energy

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding 0% (T1), 6% (T2), 12% (T3) and 18% (T4) of a mixture (83% dried citrus pulp (DCP) and 17% eggshell) into a sorghum-soybean meal-limestone based diet for laying quails, on production efficiency and quality of egg. Thirty-two quails were individually housed and randomly assigned (n = 8) to the four experimental diets, during the first 5 week of the laying cycle. Quail LW and feed intake were recorded weekly. Produced eggs were weighed (n = 457) and egg mass production recorded. Proportions of albumen, yolk and shell, egg yolk color, and shell thickness, were determined (n = 55/treatment). On week 5, total excreta of 24 laying quails (n = 6) were collected throughout 96 h, to determine metabolizable utilization of DM, energy, crude protein and ash. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS® software. Initial and final LW, feed intake and egg production were similar (P &gt;0.05) among treatments. Egg mass was higher (P &lt; 0.05) in T2 than T4. Egg weight of quails fed T1 and T2 was higher than others (P &lt; 0.05). The eggshell of quails fed T2 was thicker (248 vs 236 μm; P &lt; 0.05) than T1. Eggshell proportion of quails fed the mixture was higher (P &lt; 0.05) than in T1 (11.3 vs 10.5%). Yolk proportion of T1 was higher (P &lt; 0.05). The b* parameter was lower (P &lt; 0.05) for T1. Metabolizable utilization of dietary DM (72.1%) and energy (68.8%) of T1 was 13% higher (P &lt; 0.05) than T4, however protein (avg 41.4%) and ash (avg 46.7%) utilization were similar (P &gt; 0.05) among treatments. In conclusion, adding up to 12% of the mixture (83% DCP and 17% eggshell) in quail diets, resulted in similar egg production parameters, and metabolizable utilization of dietary DM, crude protein, energy and ash, however improved thickness of eggshell, compared to the control diet.

Interactions between supplementary nitrogen source and ration energy density on performance and nitrogen utilization in growing and fattening male cattle

1986 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Holzer ◽  
D. Levy ◽  
V. Samuel ◽  
I. Bruckenthal
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
N Retention ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Daily Gain

ABSTRACTFour diets containing 9·6 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) per kg dry matter (DM) (LMEC), and four diets containing 11·3 MJ/kg DM (HMEC) were formulated. One diet of each ME concentration contained 90 g crude protein (CP) per kg DM and served as a negative control (NC). In the three other diets of each ME concentration, the level of CP was raised to 140 g/kg DM by inclusion of poultry litter (PL), non-protein nitrogen (NPN) or fish meal (FM). These diets were examined in a digestion and N balance trial and in a feeding trial.For the NC, PL, NPN and FM subtreatments of the LMEC diets, DM intakes were 107·1, 112·4, 100·6 and 130·2 g/kg M075 respectively; digestibility coefficients of organic matter (OM) were 0·64, 0·70, 0·67 and 0·71 respectively; and N retention 0·40, 0·76, 0·53 and 1·21 g/kg M075 respectively. For the respective subtreatments of the HMEC diets, the values were: 100·4, 119·4, 109·3, 107·5 for DM intake; 0·64, 0·73, 0·73, 0·73 for digestibility coefficients of OM and 0·40, 0·87, 1·06 and 1·03 g/kg M075 for N retention.Daily gain on the respective diets in the first 130 days of the feeding trial was 0·85, 0·90, 0·91, 1·04 kg for the LMEC and 1·09, 1·21, 119, 1·24 kg for the HMEC diets, and from the 131st day to slaughter was 0·98, 1·02, 100, 1·08 kg for the LMEC and 1·03, 1·02, 1·07, 1·05 kg for the HMEC diets respectively. Daily carcass gain was 0·49, 0·51, 0·51, 0·53 kg for the LMEC and 0·55, 0·59, 0·59, 0·60 kg for the HMEC diets, respectively.The relationship between ME concentration in the diet and source of CP is discussed.

scholarly journals Performance of Nellore calves in tropical pasture consuming different types of concentrated supplements

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-273
Author(s):  
M. Vedovatto ◽  
M.B. Meirelles ◽  
M.C. D’Oliveira ◽  
J.M.S. Diogo ◽  
M.G. Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Mineral Salt ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
True Protein ◽  
Daily Gain

ABSTRACT The use of different types of concentrated supplements on the performance of Nellore calves grazing Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu in the dry season was evaluated. The experiment was conducted on 24 ha divided into 12 paddocks. Seventy-two calves with initial body weight (BW) 176±14kg for 140 days of experiment were used. Evaluated treatments included: Mineral, Salt+urea (mineral with 30% urea), Protein (supplementation with 45% crude protein (CP) and 46% total digestible nutrients (TDN)); and Protein+energy (with 28% CP and 73% TDN). The Mineral, Salt+urea, and Protein were offered ad libitum, and the Protein+energy 5g/kg BW. Protein+energy showed the highest (P< 0.05) intake (3.66g/kg BW) followed by the Protein (1.61), Salt+urea (0.36), and Mineral (0.32). The two latter supplements were not significantly different (P> 0.05). The highest (P< 0.05) average daily gain (ADG, kg/day) was observed in the Protein+energy (0.074). Average daily gains for the Protein and Salt+urea (0.014 and -0.024, respectively) were not significantly different (P> 0.05), but were significantly higher (P< 0.05) than the Mineral (-0.085). Therefore, during the dry season, to prevent the loss of bovine weight the supplements must supply in addition to minerals, also energy, non-protein nitrogen (NNP), and true protein.

Dried Poultry Manure as a Nitrogen Supplement for Young Cattle on Winter Grazing.

1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 ◽  
pp. 65-65
Author(s):  
T. Smith ◽  
S. Sibanda ◽  
C.R. de Souza ◽  
C. Chakanyuka ◽  
R.M. Chihora
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Winter Grazing ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Ad Libitum

A feeding trial with young cattle, supported by measurements of digestibility and intake in lambs, was carried out to compare dried poultry manure (DPM) with cottonseed meal (CSM) or a urea maize mix (UM) as supplements to unimproved dry season grazing.Eighty Mashona steers, aged 9 months, initial live-weight 157 kg, were divided into eight groups, one of which was used as an initial slaughter group. The remainder were grazed by day and penned overnight (119 days). Whilst in the pens they received either no supplement (C) or DPM; CSM; UM; DPM + CSM; CSM + CSM; UM + CSM. The single supplements contained 150g crude protein and the double supplements 250 g crude protein per day. All animals were offered a mineral supplement and water was available during the day. At the end of the dry season half of the animals from each group were slaughtered and half retained to measure compensatory growth.Twelve lambs housed in crates each received one of the treatments (C, DPM, CSM, UM) with veld hay ad libitum (CP 2.5%) to measure digestibility and intake.

scholarly journals Effect of the application of different water depths and nitrogen and potassium doses on quality of Tanzania grass

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-688
Author(s):  
Jair da C. Oliveira Filho ◽  
Rubens A. de Oliveira ◽  
Ednaldo M. de Oliveira ◽  
Paulo R. Cecon ◽  
Carlos E. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The State ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Water Depths

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the application of different water depths and nitrogen and potassium doses in the quality of Tanzania grass, in the southern of the state of Tocantins. The experiment was conducted on strips of traditional sprinklers, and used, as treatments, a mixture of fertilizer combinations of N and K2O always in the ratio of 1 N:0.8 K2O. This study determined throughout the experiment: plant height (PH), the crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). The highest plant height obtained was 132.4 cm, with a fertilizer dose of 691.71 kg ha-1 in the proportion of N:0.8 K2O, in other words, 384.28 kg ha-1 of N and 307.43 kg ha-1 of K2O, and water depth of 80% of the ETc. The highest crude protein content was 12.2%, with the fertilizer dose application of 700 kg ha-1 yr-1 in the proportion of 1 N to 0.8 of K2O, in other words, 388.89 kg ha-1 of N and 311.11 kg ha-1 of K2O and absence of irrigation. The lowest level of neutral detergent fiber was 60.7% with the application of the smallest dose of fertilizer and highest water depth. It was concluded in this study that there was an increase in plant height by increasing the fertilizer dose and water depth. The crude protein content increased 5.4% in the dry season, by increasing the fertilizer dose and water depth. In the dry season, there was an increase of NDF content by 4.5% by increasing the application of fertilizer and water depth.

scholarly journals Lysine supplementation of barley wet distillers’ solids diets for growing-finishing pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarmo Valaja ◽  
Hilkka Siljander-Rasi ◽  
Timo Alaviuhkola ◽  
Asko Rantanen
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Soyabean Meal

A growth experiment was conducted to study the effect of different lysine supplementation levels of barley wet distillers’ solids (WDS) diets on the performance and the carcass quality of pigs (25.5-95.5 kg live weight). A total of 160 pigs were divided into four groups of 40 animals. Four pigs of the same sex were placed in each pen and fed one of the four experimental diets; a barley-soyabean meal (SBM) control diet (167 g crude protein (CP) /kg dry matter (DM) and 7.6 g lysine/feed unit (FU)) or three similar barley-WDS diets (204 g CP/kg DM) which were supplemented with synthetic lysine to contain 7.7, 9.2 or 10.7 g lysine/FU. Lysine supplementation linearly improved the daily weight gain (DG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the pigs during growing (1-5 weeks) (p < 0.001), finishing (6th week onward) (p < 0.001) and the whole experimental period (p < 0.001). However, during the whole growing-finishing period the performance of the pigs levelled off at the lysine level of 9.2 g/FU and daily supply of 18.0 g, respectively(quadratic effect: p < 0.05 for DG and p < 0.01 for FCR). The pigs on the SBM diet grew faster and more efficiently than did the pigs on the WDS diets with similar lysine content (p < 0.05).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document