ESTIMATES OF PRODAN’S SAMPLING METHOD APPLIED TO NELDER'S SYSTEMATIC DESIGN

Prodan’s sampling method presents relevant characteristics to obtain estimates of the dendrometric variables per hectare in a Nelder systematic design, because it is practical method and maintains the same number of trees sampled in all sample units for the different spacings. The objective of the research was to evaluate the performance of the estimates number of trees, basal area, and volume per hectare in different spacings with the Prodan’s sampling method, under the hypothesis that these estimates show decreasing behavior with increasing spacing. The data used in the study are from an experiment with nine Nelder plots, established with ten clones of Eucalyptus spp., in the state of Tocantins, Brazil. From the center of the sample unit – SU a reference tree was selected, and the eight nearest trees composed the SU. The estimates of number of trees, basal area and volume per hectare were calculated using the Prodan’s method estimators. Statistical differences between the estimates of the clones and between their spacing were evaluated by multivariate profile analysis. The behavior of the dendrometric variables was inversely proportional to spacing, that is, their estimates decreased with the increase of spacing. The number of trees is more influenced by spacing, and additionally with plant genetic material and mortality also influenced estimates of basal area and volume per hectare. Prodan’s sampling method is appropriate and practical to obtain the estimates per hectare in Nelder’s design because it is not necessary to measure all the trees of the experiment. What do you want to do ?New mailCopy

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Angle-count sampling method for estimating forest stand volume – a practical approach

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/2/7900 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 99-102

Author(s):

Károly Rédei ◽

Tamás Ábri ◽

Fruzsina Szabó ◽

Zsolt Keserű

Keyword(s):

Sampling Method ◽

Black Locust ◽

Basal Area ◽

Forest Stand ◽

Management Planning ◽

Stand Volume ◽

Forest Plans ◽

Angle Count Sampling ◽

Stand Characteristics ◽

Area And Volume

Point sampling, which is also known as angle-count sampling (ACS), can be considered an efficient way of estimating the basal area and volume of forest stands. It is possible to use it in forest management: providing more accurate estimates (precision <10%) of site and stand characteristics needed for management planning. 20 black locust (Robinina pseudoacacia L.) stands were selected at final cutting age to determine the regeneration criteria based on their total volume. It was verified that at P=5% there was no difference between the main volume values of stands indicated in the relevant forest plans as well as calculated by the ACS method.

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Pengaruh Persepsi Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi Atas Sanksi Perpajakan Dan Kualitas Pelayanan Pajak Terhadap Kepatuhan Perpajakan

Jurnal ULTIMA Accounting ◽

10.31937/akuntansi.v4i2.132 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 72-90

Author(s):

Nancy Marchelly ◽

Waluyo Waluyo

Keyword(s):

Service Quality ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Tax Compliance ◽

The State ◽

Primary Data ◽

Tax Revenue ◽

Dominant Source ◽

State Expenditure ◽

Convenience Sampling

Tax Revenue is one of the most important sources of revenue for making the state expenditure budget (APBN). As a revenue dominant source for APBN derived from tax sector. The main objective of this study is to analyze the effect of tax sanctions and tax service quality on individual tax compliance. This study focus on individual entrepreneurs tax payer those registered at the Primary Tax Office Tigaraksa (KPP Pratama Tigaraksa) especially in Gading Serpong Tangerang. Samples were selected by convenience sampling method, the data used in this study is primary data. The results show indicate (1) tax sanction has significantly affect to individual tax compliance, (2) tax service quality has significantly affect to individual tax compliance, (3) tax sanction and tax service quality have significantly affect to individual tax compliance. Keywords: Tax penalty, tax service quality, individual tax compliance

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Modèle de prédiction des essences feuillues et résineuses du Québec

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x82-035 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 232-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chhun-Huor Ung ◽

Jean Beaulieu ◽

Daniel Demers

Keyword(s):

Prediction Model ◽

Basal Area ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

The State ◽

Department Of Energy ◽

Forest Species ◽

Permanent Sample Plots ◽

Real Growth ◽

Basic Characteristics ◽

Softwood Species

This paper describes a prediction model adopted by the Department of Energy and Resources of Quebec to (i) update temporary sample plots and (ii) project into the future the state of permanent sample plots in Quebec forests. Predicting the growth of a forest species means predicting the state of this species in time. Three basic characteristics mark the state of a species in a given year: number of trees, their total basal area, and their total volume. To date, in Quebec, normal or empirical yield tables have been used to predict the state of some species in ideal or real growth conditions, but these yield tables apply only to pure or almost pure even-aged stands. The prediction model for hardwood and softwood species presented in this paper serves the same purpose as the yield tables; however, it differs from the yield tables in that it can predict the state of each hardwood or softwood species found in pure or mixed, even- or uneven-aged stands. The prediction model was validated for 19 species found in a pilot territory located in the Basse-Gatincau (southwestern Quebec). The paper terminates with a discussion on the limitation of the prediction model and the conditions for its use.

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A Subspace-Inclusive Sampling Method for the Computational Design of Compositionally Graded Alloys

10.1115/detc2021-68836 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marshall Allen ◽

Tanner Kirk ◽

Richard Malak ◽

Raymundo Arroyave

Keyword(s):

State Space ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Computational Design ◽

Functionally Graded ◽

The State ◽

Alloying Element ◽

Graded Materials ◽

Composition Space ◽

Feasible Path ◽

Single Material

Abstract Compositionally graded alloys, a special class of functionally graded materials (FGMs), utilize localized variations in composition within a single metal part to achieve higher performance than traditional single-material parts. In previous work [1], the authors presented a computational design methodology that avoids common issues which limit a gradient alloy’s usefulness or feasibility, such as deleterious phases or properties, and also optimizes gradients for performance objectives. However, the previous methodology only samples the interior of a composition space, meaning designed gradients must include all elements in the space at every step in the gradient. Because the addition of even a small amount of an alloying element can introduce a new deleterious phase, this characteristic often neglects potentially simpler solutions to otherwise unsolvable problems and, consequently, discourages the addition of new elements to the state space. The present work improves upon the previous methodology by introducing a sampling method that includes subspaces with fewer elements in the design search. The new sampling method samples within an artificial expanded form of the state space and projects samples outside the true region to the nearest true subspace. This method is evaluated first by observing the distribution of samples in each subspace of a 2-D, 3-D, and 4-D state space. Next, a parametric study in a synthetic 2-D problem compares the performance of the new sampling scheme to the previous methodology. Lastly, the updated methodology is applied to design a gradient from stainless steel to equiatomic NiTi that has practical uses such as embedded shape memory actuation and for which the previous methodology fails to find a feasible path.

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Struktur Komunitas Fitoplankton di Kolam Bekas Pertambangan Batubara Desa Kampung Baru Kecamatan Cempaka

BIOSCIENTIAE ◽

10.20527/b.v17i2.3451 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Sukoco Sukoco ◽

Gunawan Gunawan ◽

Muhamat Muhamat

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Coal Mining ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Pool Analysis ◽

Fertility Rate ◽

The State ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Phytoplankton Communities ◽

Average Abundance

This study aims to determine the structure of phytoplankton communities in the pool are former coal mining Desa Kampung Baru Kecamatan Cempaka which include abundance, diversity, uniformity and dominance. Phytoplankton samples taken in two pools with a purposive sampling method with a three-point shooting at each pond. Sampling was performed three times. Phylum of phytoplankton were identified in both pools as much as 2 phylum (Chloropyta and Chrysopita) with 17 genera. Average abundance of phytoplankton in the first pool of 7174 ind / liter and 6873 ind / liter in the second pool. The average diversity index of phytoplankton in the first pool of 1.540 and 1.621 in the second pool. Average uniformity index of phytoplankton in the first pool of 0622 and 0.623 in the second pool. The average index of phytoplankton dominance in the first pool of 0271 and 0250 in the second pool. Analysis of community structure (abundance, diversity, uniformity and dominance) shows the condition of the two ponds in the state is quite stable and capable of supporting life inside the phytoplankton. Where the pool in the fertility rate is the level of contamination is, the conditions included in the category of individuals spread more evenly and there are no species that dominate other species in the extreme.

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PERSEPSI PEMUSTAKA TERHADAP PUSTAKAWAN DALAM PELAYANAN REFERENSI DI PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA

Publication Library and Information Science ◽

10.24269/pls.v1i2.692 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Choiriyah Choiriyah

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Research ◽

Sampling Method ◽

The State ◽

User Perception ◽

Specific Question ◽

Sample Number ◽

Quantitative Data Analysis ◽

Library Resources ◽

Reference Service ◽

Indicator Score

This study aims to determine the level of user perceptual categories of the librarian in reference service. By knowing user perception, it can be used as a donation of thought and consideration for the performance of the librarian in the library in order to make the services in the reference at the Library of the State Islamic University Sunan Kalidjaga is as maximal as user expectation. The type of this research is quantitative research. The sample number of this research is 100 users which take from the user that uses the service of reference or population. The sample was taken by accidental sampling method. The researcher collected the data by using questionnaire, observation, interviews, and documentation. While the analysis of the data used descriptive quantitative data analysis. Based on the description of the results of research on the user perception in the librarian reference service at the Library of the State Islamic University Sunan Kalidjaga, it can be concluded that the general perception of user to the librarian in the reference service can be categorized into good category with the score of grand mean; 2.64. While the indicator score for the librarians who find information to answer a specific question, can be good category with a grand mean score; 2.70. For the second indicator, librarians help users find the information was categorized into good category with a grand mean score; 2.70. The third indicator, librarians guide users in using library resources and how to conduct research were categorized into good category with a grand mean score; 2.53. This results indicate that there are no indicators that the score of the grand mean is 3:26 to 4:00 or excellent category, it means that the management of library and librarians in the Library of the State Islamic University of Yogyakarta Sunan Kalidjaga should maintain and improve its performance in serving the users at State Islamic University of Yogyakarta Sunan Kalijaga

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Effects of heavy thinnings on the increment and selection of trees for tending in Norway spruce monoculture in natural hazard conditions

Glasnik Sumarskog fakulteta ◽

10.2298/gsf1715031b ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 31-54

Author(s):

Martin Bobinac ◽

Sinisa Andrasev ◽

Andrijana Bauer-Zivkovic ◽

Nikola Susic

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Natural Hazard ◽

Basal Area ◽

Growth Potential ◽

Stand Age ◽

Diameter Increment ◽

Volume Increment ◽

Selection Of ◽

Area And Volume

The paper studies the effects of two heavy selection thinnings on the increment of Norway spruce trees exposed to ice and snow breaks in eastern Serbia. In a thinning that was carried out at 32 years of age, 556 candidates per hectare were selected for tending, and at the age of 40, of the initial candidates, 311 trees per hectare (55.9%) were selected as future trees. In all trees at 41-50 age period, diameter increment was higher by 31%, basal area increment by 64% and volume increment by 67% compared to 32-40 age period. The collective of indifferent trees is significantly falling behind compared to future trees in terms of increment values in both observed periods. However, the value of diameter, basal area and volume increments, of the collective of "comparable" indifferent trees are lower in comparison to the values of increments of future trees by 10-15% in the 32-40 age period, and by 15-21% in the 41-50 age period and there are no significant differences. The results show that heavy selective thinnings, initially directed at a larger number of candidates for tending at stand age that does not differ much from the period of carrying out first "commercial" thinnings, improve the growth potential of future and indifferent trees, where it is rational to do the tree replacement for the final crop in "susceptible" growth stage to snow and ice breaks.

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PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS KOMPUTER MENGGUNAKAN MS. OFFICE 2019 PADA SISWA DI SMK DWITUNGGAL 1 TANJUNG MORAWA

Dinamisia Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ◽

10.31849/dinamisia.v4i1.3751 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dharmawati Dharmawati

Keyword(s):

Community Service ◽

Practical Method ◽

The State ◽

Computer Applications ◽

Vocational Students ◽

Microsoft Word ◽

Office Management ◽

Work World ◽

Service Activity ◽

Microsoft Office

The work world related to office administration, mastery of Microsoft Office is needed as an office administration work tool that must be mastered by vocational students. However, students of SMK Dwitunggal 1 Tanjung Morawa hasn’t been maximal in mastering Microsoft Office 2019, especially in making mail merge on Ms. Word. They are only limited to know the use of Microsoft Office 2019 in the basic stages. Community Service Activity aimed to provide training on introduction of Microsoft Office 2019 computer applications in making mail merge on Microsoft Word to students of SMK Dwitunggal 1 Tanjung Morawa majoring in Office Management. The method used in this service activities were the tutorial, the question and answer, and the practical method. This activity was done well and gained the expected results. The result of this activity was students’ improvement in the ability and skills of making mail merge for letters, certificates and labels using Microsoft Office 2019. It hoped that Students of SMK Dwitunggal 1 Office Management Department understands to create mail for letters, certificates and labels, and if they follow Competency Test for their mail merge material, they can pass and get a Competency Certificate that is given by the State.

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Identifikasi Kearifan Lokal dalam Pemanfaatan Jenis-Jenis Tumbuhan Untuk Ketahanan Pangan Dan Obat-Obatan

MAKILA ◽

10.30598/makila.v14i2.2590 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 73-86

Author(s):

Yustina Anggraini ◽

Paulus Matius ◽

Hastaniah Hastaniah ◽

Rita Diana

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Building Materials ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Local Community ◽

Basal Area ◽

Local Communities ◽

Symbiotic Relationship ◽

Traditional Medicines ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Analyze Data

This research aims to inventory local wisdom in the management and utilization of plants as food and medicine by local communities. The method conducted in this study is the purposive sampling method that aims to inventory plant species, direct observation, and analyze data by calculating density and basal area. The results showed 243 individual plants, consisting of 53 types of trees from 17 families, and found 29 types of plants were used as food and medicine. The utilization of plants by local communities varies. People use plant species for various benefits, namely foodstuffs, building materials, handicrafts, and traditional medicines. Local wisdom in the local community is the knowledge that lasts for generations and has a symbiotic relationship of mutualism with the forest ecosystem at the research site.

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Growth After Thinning a 35-Year-Old Natural Stand to Different Loblolly Pine and Hardwood Basal Areas

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/21.4.168 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 168-174

Author(s):

Michael G. Shelton ◽

Paul A. Murphy

Keyword(s):

Loblolly Pine ◽

Block Design ◽

Volume Growth ◽

Basal Area ◽

Timber Production ◽

Product Class ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Timber Products ◽

Total Growth ◽

Area And Volume

Abstract Growth was monitored for 4 yr in a thinned stand in southern Arkansas with three pine basal areas (70, 85, and 100 ft2/ac) and three hardwood basal areas (0, 15, and 30 ft2/ac); pretreatment basal areas averaged 119 and 33 ft2/ac for pines and hardwoods, respectively. Treatments were arranged in a 3 X 3 factorial randomized complete block design with three replicates, yielding 27 permanent 0.20 ac plots. Growth variables were regressed with residual pine and hardwood basal areas. Pine basal area and volume growth increased with the pine stocking level after thinning and decreased with the level of retained hardwoods. For basal area and merchantable volume, hardwood growth largely compensated for losses in the pine component, and thus, hardwood retention had little net effect on the total growth of the stand. The greatest impact of hardwood retention was on the stand's sawtimber growth, because hardwoods did not contribute to this product class. Each 1 ft2/ac of retained hardwood basal area reduced pine sawtimber growth by 6 to 10 bd ft Doyle/ac/yr, depending on the pine stocking. Because large differences existed in the value of timber products, retaining 15 and 30 ft2/ac of hardwoods reduced the value of timber production by 13 and 24%, respectively, at 4 yr after thinning. South. J. Appl. For. 21(4):168-174.

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