FROM HYBRID INSTITUTIONAL LOGICS TO SOLIDARITY CAPITAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1 (ang)) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Izabela Grabowska ◽  
Bohdan Skrzypczak
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Research Question ◽  
New Institutionalism ◽  
Institutional Logics ◽  
Organizational Form ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Core ◽  
Is Theory

The aim of the paper is to analyse the process of the creation of the hybrid organizational form and the mechanisms of its action. The paper is theory oriented and is based on new institutionalism and hybridity. The research question is how a hybrid organization efficiently functions while simultaneously drawing on three different and partially contradictory institutional logics: commercial (profit-oriented activities), social (non-profit activities), and public (focused on the provision of high-quality social services). We argue that the core mechanism of action of the new organizational form is the solidarity capital.

scholarly journals Socialinio darbo paslaugų privatizavimas gerovės valstybėje: samprata ir modeliai

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 74-86
Author(s):  
Liubov Kotova
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Social Care ◽  
New Institutionalism ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Institutional Types ◽  
Political Decisions

Vilniaus universitetas, Universiteto g. 9/1, LT-01513 VilniusEl. paštas: [email protected]  Šiame straipsnyje aptariami kelis dešimtmečius Europoje ir po nepriklausomybės atkūrimo Lietuvoje vykstantys pokyčiai socialinio darbo paslaugų sektoriuje, kuriems apibūdinti vartojamas privatizavimo terminas. Socialinio darbo paslaugų sektoriuje privatizavimas pirmiausia suprantamas kaip ne pelno siekiančių visuomeninių organizacijų, dažniau vadinamų nevyriausybinėmis organizacijomis, ir neformalaus sektoriaus plėtra, taip pat pelno siekiančių paslaugas teikiančių organizacijų atsiradimas. Kitaip tariant, kalbama apie tai, kad gerovės valstybės atsakomybė už tam tikras gerovės paslaugas perkeliama iš viešojo sektoriaus į privatų. Šiuos pokyčius galima bandyti aiškinti veikėjo ir neoinstitucionalizmo teorijomis ir jų sanglauda. Straipsnyje analizuojama bendra privatizavimo samprata ir galimi modeliai bei jų ypatumai socialinio darbo paslaugų1 sektoriuje.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: socialinio darbo paslaugos, privatizavimas, privatizavimo modeliai, gerovės valstybė.Privatisation Of Social Work Services In Welfare State: Concept And PatternsLiubov Kotova SummaryThis article focuses on the changes in social care sector which took place in Europe and after the restitution of independence in Lithuania the last decades and are named as privatization. In social care sector privatization is known as a process of services provision by non-profit public agencies (NGOs), informal sector and by profit agencies. These changes can be explained by actor and new-institutionalism theories as well as by the mix of these two theories. This article presents general privatisation concept and potential patterns as well as peculiarities of these in social care (social work services) sector.According to the actor theory, the expansion or decline of welfare state is understood as results of individuals or collectives’ rational actions. As rational actors cope with different previous political decisions, institutional frames and other limitations and possibilities it is useful to analyse privatization in the light of new-institutionalism theory as well. According to the new-institutionalism theory, the institutions of welfare state are reflected and formed by choices and strategies of actors. The way and models of privatization depend on welfare state institutions. Two ideal institutional types are separated – pluralist and corporatist institutions. Analysis of these ideal institutional types’ differences defining regulation, organization, financing and production helps to explain the extent and models of privatization.Key words: social care, personal social services, privatization, privatization patterns, welfare state.

Scoping Social Entrepreneurship in India: Organisation, Technology, and Collaboration

GIS Business ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Sunita Kumari ◽  
Bino Paul G.D.
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Core ◽  
Lock In

We explore emerging contexts of social entrepreneurship in India. Social entrepreneurship is emerging as an important option in poverty reduction and social change wherein organizing societal responses to scenarios like entrenched deprivation, cumulative disadvantages, long extant institutional lock-in, and vulnerabilities enmeshed in social stratification, hiatus emanating from segmentation of labour market and inadequate coverage of social protection form the core of strategies/collectives/organisation. In this paper, first, drawing cues from the literature, we outline basic typology of social entrepreneurship while delineating pivotal role technology and collaboration play in social entrepreneurship. Second, we provide a glimpse of not profit organisations in India, based on the secondary data. We juxtapose select patterns from the data on non profit organisations with human development. Third, we discuss select cases of social entrepreneurship that diverge in characteristics and contexts, in particular how these initiatives work towards poverty reduction and social development.

Here there Be Tygers: Profit, Non-profit, and Loss in the Age of Disintermediation

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Scholarly Publishing ◽  
The Political ◽  
Quality Information ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
High Quality Information ◽  
Europe De L’Est ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: Scholarly publishing and access to high-quality information may in fact be threatened, rather than improved, by the revolution in communications, particularly in a fully commercial Internet. The effects of the political revolution in Eastern Europe on scholarship and quality publishing are used as a touchstone of the dangers that occur when naïve revolutionaries make swift changes without fully recognizing the impact upon delicately balanced social institutions such as non-profit organizations. Résumé: La révolution en communications, particulièrement en ce qui regarde un Internet commercialisé, plutôt que d'améliorer l'édition savante et l'accès à de l'information de haute qualité, pourrait en fait poser une menace pour ceux-ci. Cet article examine comment la révolution politique en Europe de l'Est a influé sur la recherche et l'édition de qualité. Il utilise cet exemple pour examiner les dangers que peuvent courir certains révolutionnaires naïfs quand ils instaurent des changements rapides san songer à leur impact sur des institutions sociales à équilibre délicat comme les organisations à but non lucratif.

scholarly journals Evaluating the accuracy of Listeria monocytogenes assemblies from quasimetagenomic samples using long and short reads

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth Commichaux ◽  
Kiran Javkar ◽  
Padmini Ramachandran ◽  
Niranjan Nagarajan ◽  
Denis Bertrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Short Read ◽  
Short Reads ◽  
The Core ◽  
Long Reads ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Core Genes

Abstract Background Whole genome sequencing of cultured pathogens is the state of the art public health response for the bioinformatic source tracking of illness outbreaks. Quasimetagenomics can substantially reduce the amount of culturing needed before a high quality genome can be recovered. Highly accurate short read data is analyzed for single nucleotide polymorphisms and multi-locus sequence types to differentiate strains but cannot span many genomic repeats, resulting in highly fragmented assemblies. Long reads can span repeats, resulting in much more contiguous assemblies, but have lower accuracy than short reads. Results We evaluated the accuracy of Listeria monocytogenes assemblies from enrichments (quasimetagenomes) of naturally-contaminated ice cream using long read (Oxford Nanopore) and short read (Illumina) sequencing data. Accuracy of ten assembly approaches, over a range of sequencing depths, was evaluated by comparing sequence similarity of genes in assemblies to a complete reference genome. Long read assemblies reconstructed a circularized genome as well as a 71 kbp plasmid after 24 h of enrichment; however, high error rates prevented high fidelity gene assembly, even at 150X depth of coverage. Short read assemblies accurately reconstructed the core genes after 28 h of enrichment but produced highly fragmented genomes. Hybrid approaches demonstrated promising results but had biases based upon the initial assembly strategy. Short read assemblies scaffolded with long reads accurately assembled the core genes after just 24 h of enrichment, but were highly fragmented. Long read assemblies polished with short reads reconstructed a circularized genome and plasmid and assembled all the genes after 24 h enrichment but with less fidelity for the core genes than the short read assemblies. Conclusion The integration of long and short read sequencing of quasimetagenomes expedited the reconstruction of a high quality pathogen genome compared to either platform alone. A new and more complete level of information about genome structure, gene order and mobile elements can be added to the public health response by incorporating long read analyses with the standard short read WGS outbreak response.

scholarly journals A High Rigidity and Precision Scanning Tunneling Microscope with Decoupled XY and Z Scans

Scanning ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Xu Chen ◽  
Tengfei Guo ◽  
Yubin Hou ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Wenjie Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scanning Tunneling Microscope ◽  
Atomic Resolution ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Electronic Noise ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Tunneling Microscope ◽  
The Core ◽  
High Rigidity ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact

A new scan-head structure for the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is proposed, featuring high scan precision and rigidity. The core structure consists of a piezoelectric tube scanner of quadrant type (for XY scans) coaxially housed in a piezoelectric tube with single inner and outer electrodes (for Z scan). They are fixed at one end (called common end). A hollow tantalum shaft is coaxially housed in the XY-scan tube and they are mutually fixed at both ends. When the XY scanner scans, its free end will bring the shaft to scan and the tip which is coaxially inserted in the shaft at the common end will scan a smaller area if the tip protrudes short enough from the common end. The decoupled XY and Z scans are desired for less image distortion and the mechanically reduced scan range has the superiority of reducing the impact of the background electronic noise on the scanner and enhancing the tip positioning precision. High quality atomic resolution images are also shown.

Understanding the complementary nature of paid and volunteer crowds for content creation

2020 ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Claudia Flores-Saviaga ◽  
Ricardo Granados ◽  
Liliana Savage ◽  
Lizbeth Escobedo ◽  
Saiph Savage
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Power Cost ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Content Creation ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Complementary Nature ◽  
Different Populations

Crowdsourced content creation like articles or slogans can be powered by crowds of volunteers or workers from paid task markets. Volunteers often have expertise and are intrinsically motivated, but are a limited resource, and are not always reliably available. On the other hand, paid crowd workers are reliably available, can be guided to produce high-quality content, but cost money. How can these different populations of crowd workers be leveraged together to power cost-effective yet high-quality crowd-powered content-creation systems? To answer this question, we need to understand the strengths and weaknesses of each. We conducted an online study where we hired paid crowd workers and recruited volunteers from social media to complete three content creation tasks for three real-world non-profit organizations that focus on empowering women. These tasks ranged in complexity from simply generating keywords or slogans to creating a draft biographical article. Our results show that paid crowds completed work and structured content following editorial guidelines more effectively. However, volunteer crowds provide content that is more original. Based on the findings, we suggest that crowd-powered content-creation systems could gain the best of both worlds by leveraging volunteers to scaffold the direction that original content should take; while having paid crowd workers structure content and prepare it for real world use.

Singing back to the Bard: A conversation on Desdemona with Rokia Traoré

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Rapetti
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Music Industry ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
Nobel Laureate ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Artistic Director

Rokia Traoré is a Malian singer, guitarist and composer, known worldwide for her artistic syncretism and political activism. Her distinctive style blends elements of traditional Malian music with blues, folk and rock to address contemporary geopolitical and humanitarian issues. She is the artistic director of Fondation Passerelle, a non-profit organization she founded in 2006 to support young African singers and musicians by offering them high-quality professional training and work opportunities in the music industry. In this interview, she discusses her experience as songwriter and performer in Desdemona (2012), a cross-cultural theatre adaptation of William Shakespeare’s Othello staged by American director Peter Sellars, with texts by African American Nobel Laureate Toni Morrison, sharing some intimate memories and elaborating freely on the role of performers and the importance of focused listening in live stage productions.

Applying Translational Research in Understanding Complications and Defining Targets for Intervention: Inflammation in PD as a Model

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Roberto Pecoits–Filho
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Translational Research ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Research Environment ◽  
The Core ◽  
Quality Of Patient Care

The bench-to-bedside approach to translational research is becoming increasingly important to efficiently advance understanding of the mechanisms underlying disease and to improve the quality of patient care. Although this investigation model has been practiced since the early days of the therapy, robust research platforms built to practice translational research have only recently been structured in the field of peritoneal dialysis. Experience with a translational research environment that generated most of the information cited in this overview is the core of this manuscript. The central investigation theme described is how to approach the cardiovascular complications of peritoneal dialysis. The research question was, could the continuous activation of inflammatory pathways be central in this process and represent a relevant target for interventions?

scholarly journals IT Effect Assessment for Non-profit Organization

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 8854-8858
Keyword(s):  
Performance Management ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Key Performance Indicators ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Core Business ◽  
The Core ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Non Profit Organizations

The article is devoted to assessing the effect of the implementation of information technologies in non-profit organizations. The purpose of the assessment is to evaluate the effect of IT implementation and its impact on key performance indicators of an organization. The indicators characterizing the results of the organization’s activities in accordance with the State Assignment and the results of commercial activities were used as the key performance indicators. For federal state budget NPOs, it has been shown that a positive IT effect for auxiliary business processes does not directly ensure positive performance indicators for the core business processes. Hidden effects of the use of IT were assessed by changes of the indicators of the core business processes. Performance indicators characterizing the results of commercial activities may demonstrate a negative effect. Understanding the specifics of non-profit organizations, as well as metrics and performance parameters characterizing the effectiveness of such organizations, is important to ensure a correct approach to the digitalization of business processes and their performance management.

scholarly journals Patent landscape of Chinese Classical Formulas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruipeng Shi ◽  
Hua Luo ◽  
Yi Zhao ◽  
Yuyang Tang ◽  
Zhangfeng Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Good Market ◽  
Patent Landscape ◽  
Patent Applications ◽  
Large Decline

Abstract BackgroundChinese Classical Formulas (經典名方, CCFs) are clinically employed formulas that have been documented in the literature since before the Ming era. In 2010, China began focusing on the development and product transformation of CCFs and issued a list of 100 CCFs as a reference. Patents are key components of the process for transferring technology to product; however, they are rarely employed in current CCF research. Therefore, the present study aims to explore the current situation of CCFs based on the China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) and provide a reference for researchers, investors, and policymakers to make relevant decisions. MethodsInformation on CCF publication numbers was obtained from the CNIPA, and data for patent applications made before June 30, 2021, on inventors, titles, and abstracts were searched in the patent database, Derwent Innovation. Duplicate application numbers were removed, applications were standardized, and inventors were categorized. The processed data were then used for subsequent analyses. ResultsA total of 287 patents were included in this analysis, and 61 CCFs were patented. Two major policies regarding CCFs in 2011 and 2019 greatly stimulated related patent applications, but lacked sustainability, followed by a relatively large decline in 2012 and 2020. Among the granted patents, 42.59% are analytical methods-related inventions and 24.07% for preparation methods. The percentage of core patents on substance basis and mechanism of action is relatively small. ConclusionPolicies have a significant impact on CCF R&D. The number of CCF patent applications is increasing every year and there is an increasing number of companies as patent applicants, which indicates that CCF is considered to have a good market potential. However, the lack of high quality patents may create difficulties for future development and this will be an important issue to be addressed. Keywords Chinese classical formulations, Chinese medicine, patent, product transformation

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