scholarly journals A Quantitative Index to Rank and Select Electromagnetic Shields in Radiofrequency and Microwave Radiation

Health Scope ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vida Zaroushani ◽  
Farahnaz Khajehnasiri
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Quantitative Index ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rank And Select ◽  
Ranking Index ◽  
Selection Of

Background: In electromagnetic shielding topics, the selection of suitable shields is an important subject and the lack of a specific ranking index for choosing protective shields causes problems in decision-making. Thus, this study proposes a quantitative index to rank and select electromagnetic shields in radiofrequency and microwave radiation. Objectives: The objective of this study was to construct a simple quantitative index to rank and select electromagnetic shields in radiofrequency and microwave radiation. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed. In this study, the construction of the ranking index was carried out in four main stages including stabilizing the concept, analytical structure and variable selection, weighing and combination of variables, and validating the index. In this study, the average, minimum, maximum, and standard deviation of shielding effectiveness were considered the main phenomenon variables. Finally, the ranking index and ranking difference index were created as percentages to rank and select electromagnetic shields. Results: In this study, a quantitative index was made as percentages called "Ranking Index" to rank and select the premier and preferable shield. Moreover, to indicate the difference in the shielding effectiveness of various shields, the "Difference Index" was made as percentages. Conclusions: This study presented a simple quantitative index to rank electromagnetic shields. It could be used as a selection tool in radiation safety management. Moreover, this ranking index had a simple formula that could be calculated easily and quickly in excel software with high accuracy and low cost. In addition, it could be easily incorporated into a user-friendly tool for the ease of application. A case study of electromagnetic nanocomposite shields was conducted to use the Ranking Index, which showed its capability for ranking the shielding performance of studied electromagnetic shields. This index can create similar scientific literature to report the efficacy of electromagnetic shields and the selection of preferred shields in different research studies. It is suggested that future studies examine this quantitative index in other frequency ranges.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Destination Choice in Medical Tourism

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haşim Çapar ◽  
Özgür Aslan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Medical Tourism ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Health Care Service ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction: Although many factors can affect the choice of destination in medical tourism, some factors are indispensable to medical tourists and medical tourism. The aim of this study was to analyze important factors affecting the selection of a destination by potential medical tourists. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study, conducted in Turkey, included a population of 1700 people and a sample size of 317 people selected through purposive sampling. Values were evaluated with a 95% confidence interval and 0.05 standard error. A value of P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. The medical tourism scale and a demographic information form were used in data collection. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and path analysis were used as statistical methods. Analyses were made using IBM SPSS-AMOS 25.0. Results: In this study, 56.5% of the participants were male and 43.5% were female. The factors affecting the selection of medical tourism destinations were determined to be, in order of importance, accessibility of health care service (X̄ = 4.68 ± 1.073), level of security and safety (X̄ = 4:57 ± 1.122), quality of health care service (X̄ = 4:39 ± 1.129), level of hygiene (X̄ = 4.16 ± 1.381), potential of savings-low cost (X̄ = 4.07 ± 1.447), and tourism opportunities (X̄ = 4.02 ± 1.540). Conclusion: It is thought that the current study will make a serious contribution to the field of medical tourism both in practice and in theory.

scholarly journals Smoking behaviours and indoor air quality: a comparative analysis of smoking-permitted versus smoke-free homes in Dhaka, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-055969
Author(s):  
Tarana Ferdous ◽  
Kamran Siddiqi ◽  
Sean Semple ◽  
Caroline Fairhurst ◽  
Ruaraidh Dobson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
A Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Proxy Measure ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Indoor Particulate Matter

IntroductionExposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is a health risk to non-smokers. Indoor particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with SHS exposure and is used as a proxy measure. However, PM2.5 is non-specific and influenced by a number of environmental factors, which are subject to geographical variation. The nature of association between SHS exposure and indoor PM2.5—studied primarily in high-income countries (HICs) context—may not be globally applicable. We set out to explore this association in a low/middle-income country setting, Dhaka, Bangladesh.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among households with at least one resident smoker. We inquired whether smoking was permitted inside the home (smoking-permitted homes, SPH) or not (smoke-free homes, SFH), and measured indoor PM2.5 concentrations using a low-cost instrument (Dylos DC1700) for at least 22 hours. We describe and compare SPH and SFH and use multiple linear regression to evaluate which variables are associated with PM2.5 level among all households.ResultsWe surveyed 1746 households between April and August 2018; 967 (55%) were SPH and 779 (45%) were SFH. The difference between PM2.5 values for SFH (median 27 µg/m3, IQR 25) and SPH (median 32 µg/m3, IQR 31) was 5 µg/m3 (p<0.001). Lead participant’s education level, being a non-smoker, having outdoor space and smoke-free rule at home and not using kerosene oil for cooking were significantly associated with lower PM2.5.ConclusionsWe found a small but significant difference between PM2.5 concentrations in SPH compared with SFH in Dhaka, Bangladesh—a value much lower than observed in HICs.

scholarly journals “Is There a “Best” Method for Standard Setting in OSCE Exams? Comparison between Four Methods (A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Doaa Kamal ◽  
Moataz Sallam ◽  
Enas Gouda ◽  
Sally Fouad
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Standard Setting ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pass Mark ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The University ◽  
Passing Score ◽  
Selection Of

Background: One of the essential considerations while designing an OSCE exam is “standard-setting”, which refers to the score with which a student could be considered to pass or fail an exam. The selection of proper standard-setting method is based on different criteria, including the applicability of the method, the university bylaws, and the purpose of the test. Objectives: To examine the difference between four different standard-setting methods: the modified Cohen’s, borderline regression, Hofstee methods, and the fixed 60% arbitrary method in determining the passing score in ophthalmology OSCE exam. Methods: Two periodic ophthalmology OSCE were selected to examine the differences in failure rates and pass scores. The four standard setting methods were applied with a sample size that included 38 (year 5 undergraduate) students at the Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University. Results: Modified Cohen’s method resulted in the lowest passing score (54% and 58%), while the Hofstee method led to the highest passing score (69.2% and 75%). Comparing the percentage of students who are supposed to pass the exam, we can observe that there is no statistically significant difference among these standard-setting methods were used except for the Hofstee method. Conclusions: There is no single best method for setting the passing mark of an exam. We could obtain more practical outcomes if we considered more than one method and the average pass mark.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN BENTUK DAN UKURAN RUGAE PALATINA ANTARA MAMAK DAN KAMANAKAN LAKI-LAKI SUKU MINANGKABAU DI WILAYAH LUHAK NAN TIGO

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
Ovy Prima Damara ◽  
Nila Kasuma ◽  
Eni Rahmi
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Forensic Odontology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Victim Identification ◽  
Internal Position ◽  
Palatal Rugae ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Shape And Size

Forensic odontology in dentistry is used to identify victims. Several methods can be used, such as rugoscopy. Rugoscopy is a victim identification method by evaluating the palatal rugae. Rugoscopy is very advantageous due to its low cost, fast results and practical nature. Palatal rugae is protected from trauma and high temperature due to its internal position in the oral cavity. Palatal rugae is an individualistic structure, though it bears several resemblance with the hereditary pattern due to the polygenic mechanism. The purpose of this research is to determine the difference of palatal rugae shape and size between uncle and nephew in Minangkabau ethnics. This study is an analytical observational study with a cross sectional approach. A total of 78 pairs of uncle and nephew of the Minangkabau ethnicity in Luhak Nan Tigo. Palatal rugae is classified using the Thomaz and Khutze classification. Data were analyzed by using Mann Whitney non-parametric statistical analysis. Data analysis show the palatal rugae shape of uncle and nephew from the Minangkabau ethnicity is dominated by a wavy shape, followed by curvy, straight, unified and circular shapes. The palatal rugae size of uncle and naphew from the Minangkabau ethnicity is dominated by primary size, followed by secondary and fragmenter size. Mann Whitney analysis revealed no significant difference of palatal rugae shape and size between uncle and nephew in Minangkabau ethnics (p>0,05), though there is a significant difference in the unified shape (p<0,05). Palatal rugae shape and size have a similar pattern with hereditery patterns, though not identical. Palatal rugae may be used as a secondary method of victim identification Keywords : Rugoscopy, palatal rugae, uncle and nephew

Fit and Congruency

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-156
Author(s):  
Mary Hogue ◽  
Lee Fox-Cardamone ◽  
Deborah Erdos Knapp
Keyword(s):  
Role Theory ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Job Fit ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Role Congruity ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. Applicant job pursuit intentions impact the composition of an organization’s applicant pool, thereby influencing selection outcomes. An example is the self-selection of women and men into gender-congruent jobs. Such self-selection contributes to a lack of gender diversity across a variety of occupations. We use person-job fit and the role congruity perspective of social role theory to explore job pursuit intentions. We present research from two cross-sectional survey studies (520 students, 174 working adults) indicating that at different points in their careers women and men choose to pursue gender-congruent jobs. For students, the choice was mediated by value placed on the job’s associated gender-congruent outcomes, but for working adults it was not. We offer suggestions for practitioners and researchers.

Characteristics of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Sub-fertile Woman Attending to GOPD in ShSMCH

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Jinnat Ara Islam ◽  
Fatema Ashraf ◽  
Eva Rani Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovaries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Pcos Group ◽  
Symptom Complex ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Fertile Women

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a condition characterized by menstrual abnormalities (oligo/amenorrhea) and clinical or biochemical features of hyperandrogenism and may manifest at any age. It is a common cause of female subfertility. All the dimensions of PCOS have not been yet completely explored. Methods: It was a cross sectional comparative study carried out at-GOPD of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College & Hospital from January, 2016 to December 2016 on 162 subfertile women. Among them 54 were PCOS group and 108 were non PCOS group. PCOS was diagnosed by (Rotterdam criteria 2003) (i) Oligo or anovulation (ii) hyperandrogenism (iii) Polycystic ovaries. Study was done to evaluate and compare the demographic characteristics, clinical, biochemical and ultrasoundgraphic features of sub-fertile women with and without PCOS. Results: A total of 162 sub-fertile women aged 16-36 years. Mean age was 29.5±5.4. There were significant differences between the two groups in terms of (oligo/amenorrhea), hirsutism, WHR and ovarian ultrasound features. There were no significant differences between two groups in correlations between the level of obesity with the incidence of anovulation, hyperandrogenism or with hormonal features. Conclusion: PCOS is one of the important factors causing Infertility. It is an ill-defined symptom complex needed due attention. There is a need to increase awareness regarding. The clinical features of PCOS are heterogenous thus can be investigated accordingly of selection of appropriate treatment modality. J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, June 2019, Vol.11(1); 17-23

COMBINATORIAL POLYNOMIALLY COMPUTABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBSTITUTIONS AND THEIR PROPERTIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR NIKONOV ◽  
◽  
ANTON ZOBOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Expectation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Computational Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bijective Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Element Base ◽  
Selection Of

The construction and selection of a suitable bijective function, that is, substitution, is now becoming an important applied task, particularly for building block encryption systems. Many articles have suggested using different approaches to determining the quality of substitution, but most of them are highly computationally complex. The solution of this problem will significantly expand the range of methods for constructing and analyzing scheme in information protection systems. The purpose of research is to find easily measurable characteristics of substitutions, allowing to evaluate their quality, and also measures of the proximity of a particular substitutions to a random one, or its distance from it. For this purpose, several characteristics were proposed in this work: difference and polynomial, and their mathematical expectation was found, as well as variance for the difference characteristic. This allows us to make a conclusion about its quality by comparing the result of calculating the characteristic for a particular substitution with the calculated mathematical expectation. From a computational point of view, the thesises of the article are of exceptional interest due to the simplicity of the algorithm for quantifying the quality of bijective function substitutions. By its nature, the operation of calculating the difference characteristic carries out a simple summation of integer terms in a fixed and small range. Such an operation, both in the modern and in the prospective element base, is embedded in the logic of a wide range of functional elements, especially when implementing computational actions in the optical range, or on other carriers related to the field of nanotechnology.

Perceived social support and burden of care of male and female caregivers of patient with schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Narendra Kumar Singh ◽  
Nishant Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Burden Of Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference

Background: Schizophrenia is associated with a high familial, social and economic burden. Schizophrenia is also associated with a high level of disability which may create impediments on the social and economic areas of the patients as well as on their respective family networks. Families with schizophrenia may encounter problems such as impairment of health and well being of other family members, restriction of social activities of the family members and shrinking of support from the social network. Aims: The present study examined the difference in perceived social support and burden of care between the male and female caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study examining the difference in perceived social support and burden of care between the male and female caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. The sample consisted of 60 (30 male and 30 female) caregivers of the patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia as per ICD-10-DCR. Results and Conclusion: This study revealed that male caregivers perceived more social support and less burden of care as compared to female caregivers. Key words: Gender, social support, burden

Perbedaan Penggunaan Antikoagulan K2EDTA DAN K3EDTA Terhadap Hasil Pemeriksaan Indeks Eritrosit

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Wahdaniah Wahdaniah ◽  
Sri Tumpuk
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ethylene Diamine ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Index Value

Abstract: Routine blood examination is the earliest blood test or screening test to determine the diagnosis of an abnormality. Blood easily froze if it is outside the body and can be prevented by the addition of anticoagulants, one of which Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA). Currently available vacuum tubes containing EDTA anticoagulants in the form of K2EDTA and K3EDTA. K3EDTA is usually a salt that has better stability than other EDTA salts because it shows a pH approaching a blood pH of about 6.4. The purpose of this research is to know the difference of erythrocyte index results include MCH, MCV and MCHC using K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA. This research is a cross sectional design. This study used venous blood samples mixed with K2EDTA anticoagulant and venous blood mixed with K3EDTA anticoagulants, each of 30 samples. Data were collected and analyzed using paired different test. Based on data analysis that has been done on MCH examination, p value <0,05 then there is a significant difference between samples with K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA to erythrocyte index value. Then on the examination of MCV and MCHC obtained p value <0.05 then there is no significant difference between samples with K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA to erythrocyte index value.Abstrak: Pemeriksaan darah rutin merupakan pemeriksaan darah yang paling awal atau screening test untuk mengetahui diagnosis suatu kelainan. Darah mudah membeku jika berada diluar tubuh dan bisa dicegah dengan penambahan antikoagulan, salah satunya Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA). Dewasa ini telah tersedia tabung vakum yang sudah berisi antikoagulan EDTA dalam bentuk  K2EDTA dan  K3EDTA. K3EDTA  biasanya berupa garam yang mempunyai stabilitas yang lebih baik dari garam EDTA yang lain karena menunjukkan pH yang mendekati pH darah yaitu sekitar 6,4. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil indeks eritrosit meliputi MCH, MCV dan MCHC menggunakan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel darah vena yang dicampur dengan antikoagulan K2EDTA dan darah vena yang dicampur dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA, masing-masing sebanyak 30 sampel. Data dikumpulkan dan dianalisis menggunakan uji beda berpasangan. Berdasarkan analisis data yang telah dilakukan pada pemeriksaan MCH didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 maka ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sampel dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA terhadap nilai indeks eritrosit. Kemudian pada pemeriksaan MCV dan MCHC didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 maka tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sampel dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA terhadap nilai indeks eritrosit.

HUBUNGAN UMUR DAN PARITAS DENGAN PEMILIHAN ALAT KONTRASEPSI METODE OPERASI WANITA (MOW) DI POLIKLINIK KEBIDANAN RS BHAYANGKARA PALEMBANG TAHUN 2012

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Widyastuti Y. Widyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Family Planning Services ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Family Planning Methods ◽  
Selection Of

  ABSTRACT [In advanced countries the number of permanent contraception option ( kontap ) approximately 10 % of all national family planning methods , while in Indonesia reached approximately 5.7 % . Based on data obtained from medical records Bhayangkara Hospital Palembang in 2010 the number of achievement when seen from the percentage of contraceptive use is only 9.10 % The purpose of this study is known age and parity relationship with the selection of contraceptive methods Surgery Women ( MOW ) in Palembang RS.Bhayangkara obstetrics clinic in 2012 . This study uses the analytic survey with cross sectional approach . The population in this study were women who become new acceptors were recorded in medical records at the hospital . Palembang Bhayangkara Hospitals January 1, 2012 to December 31 in 2012 . The sample in this study is part of a whole number of new acceptors ( either using contraception methods MOW and other family planning methods ) were registered in the hospital . Palembang Police Hospitals of January 1, 2012 to December 31 years of data 2012.Analisa univariate and bivariate statistical Chi - Square test with significance level α = 0.05 . The results showed there were 80 respondents ( 46.3 % ) who became MOW contraceptive acceptors , acceptors who have old age by 45 respondents ( 56.3 % ) and who has a young age by 35 respondents ( 43.8 % ) . acceptors which have high parity were 44 respondents ( 55 % ) who had low parity and a total of 36 respondents ( 45 % ) . From the results of Chi-square test value obtained ρ = 0.00 is smaller than α = 0.05 . There is a significant correlation between age and the selection of MOW Chi square test results obtained ρ value = 0.00 and there was a significant association between parity with the election MOW Chi square test results obtained ρ value = 0 , . From these results , it is expected to power health, especially family planning services at the hospital . Palembang Police Hospitals in order to improve the quality of family planning services in an effective, efficient , and safe are considered particularly suitable for users of contraception OperatingMethodWomen(MOW).                                      ABSTRAK Di negara sudah maju jumlah pilihan kontrasepsi mantap (kontap) sekitar 10% dari semua metode KB nasional, sedangkan di Indonesia baru mencapai sekitar 5,7 %. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari Rekam medik  Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Palembang tahun 2010 Jumlah pencapain tersebut jika dilihat dari persentasi penggunaan kontrasepsi MOW hanya  9,10% Tujuan penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya hubungan umur dan paritas dengan pemilihan alat kontrasepsi Metode Operasi Wanita (MOW) di poliklinik kebidanan RS.Bhayangkara Palembang Tahun 2012. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah wanita yang menjadi akseptor KB Baru yang tercatat di rekam medik  di RS. Bhayangkara Palembang tanggal 1 januari 2012 sampai dengan 31 Desember  tahun 2012. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagian dari seluruh jumlah akseptor KB Baru (baik yang menggunakan alat kontrasepsi Metode MOW maupun Metode KB lain) yang teregister di RS. Bhayangkara Palembang dari tanggal 1 januari 2012 sampai dengan 31 Desember  tahun 2012.Analisa data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji statistik Chi-Square dengan tingkat kemaknaan α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 80 responden terdapat (46,3%) yang menjadi akseptor kontrasepsi MOW, akseptor yang memiliki umur tua sebanyak 45 responden (56,3%) dan yang memiliki  umur muda sebanyak 35 responden (43,8%). akseptor yang memiliki paritas tinggi sebanyak 44 responden  (55%) dan yang memiliki  paritas rendah sebanyak 36 responden (45%). Dari hasil uji Chi square didapatkan ρ value = 0,00 lebih kecil dari α = 0,05. Ada hubungan yang bermakna antara umur dengan pemilihan MOW dari hasil uji Chi square didapatkan ρ value = 0,00 dan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara paritas dengan pemilihan MOW hasil uji Chi square didapatkan ρ value = 0,.Dari hasil penelitian ini, diharapkan kepada tenaga kesehatan khususnya pelayanan KB  di RS. Bhayangkara Palembang  agar dapat meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan KB secara efektif, efisien, dan aman yang dianggap cocok bagi penggunanya khususnya mengenai kontrasepsi Metode Operasi Wanita (MOW).    

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