scholarly journals Prevalence of Group A Streptococci in Moroccan Children with Pharyngitis and Emm Type Distribution

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Himri ◽  
Bouchra Oumokhtar ◽  
Samira Atmani ◽  
Btissam Arhoune ◽  
Kaoutar Moutaouakkil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Care Center ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Group A Streptococci ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Typing Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Health Care Center ◽  
Group A ◽  
Emm Type

Background: Streptococcus pyogenes is responsible for a wide variety of diseases, including noninvasive and severe invasive infections. The emm gene encodes the M protein that is the avirulence factor and immunological determinant of group A streptococci. Emm typing is the group A Streptococci (GAS) standard molecular typing method based on the amplification of the N terminal hypervariable region of the emm gene. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of GAS in children with pharyngitis and determine different types of emm gene in the GAS isolates using emm typing. Methods: The study was carried out over a period of 14 months (from February 2017 to March 2018). Throat samples were collected from cases aged ≤ 18 years with pharyngitis referring to a primary health care center in Fez, Morocco. GAS isolates were subjected to conventional tests to confirm species identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the standard disk diffusion method. We researched emm gene by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Emm types were determined by a sequence-based protocol. Demographic and clinical data were recorded from each patient. Results: From a total of 177 throat samples, 11 isolates (6.2%) were identified as GAS in children with pharyngitis. Antibiotic sensitivity testing revealed that all the GAS isolates were sensitive to penicillin. The sequencing of the PCR products of the emm gene revealed that emm90 was the most obtained emm type (30,77%); while emm75 was the least type observed (7.7%). Conclusions: The emm90 is the most prevalent type detected from patients with tonsillitis. Penicillin and erythromycin are still the foremost effective antibiotics to treat GAS pharyngitis.

HIGH VAGINAL SWABS;

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 622-626
Author(s):  
Shamas Pervaiz ◽  
Faiza Sarwar ◽  
Abdul Rauf ◽  
Muhammad Saifullah
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Health Care Center ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vaginal Swabs

Normal vaginal flora contains a wide range of microorganisms. Hydrogen peroxideproduced by Lactobacillus strains plays a vital role in maintaining the microenvironment of thevagina and in the inhibition of overgrowth of potentially pathogenic bacteria. Bacterial vaginosisBV is the main reason of vaginal discharge. Many gram positive and gram negative rods i.e.E.coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas spp. are major contributors inbacterial vaginosis. Aim: The present study was conducted to elucidate the frequency of variousgram-negative rods in high vaginal swabs and sensitivity pattern of bacteria to antibiotics thatare currently used. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Obstetricsand Gynecology of Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi, a tertiary health care center for thepeople of Rawalpindi. Period: January 2015 to May 2016. Material and Methods: A total of220 High vaginal swabs (HVS) were collected both from indoor and outdoor patients presentingwith symptoms of vaginal discharge aged between 20 to 65 years. Swabs were inoculated onblood, Chocolate and MacConkey’s agar. After overnight incubation plates were examined forgrowth, colonial morphology, final confirmation was done on the basis of biochemical testingand API 20-E system (BioMerieux, France) up to species level. Antibiotic sensitivity testing wasdone by (modified Kirby-Bauer’s) disc diffusion method using amikacin, ampicillin, amoxicillinclavulanic acid, imipenem, ceftazidime, tigecycline, ciprofloxacin, sulzone and cefixime. Afterovernight incubation plates were examined to read the susceptibility zone. Results: Out of 220HVS samples, 100 samples showed bacterial growth and confirmed as Gram negative bacilli.Age wise distribution of infection showed highest rates b/w age 20-30 was 36% followed by 31-40 (23%), 41-50 (25%) and 11% above 50 years of age. Bacteria isolated from HVS were E.coli(53%), Klebsiella (22%), Pseudomonas (12%), citrobacter (6%), Proteus (5%) and Acinetobacter(2%) respectively. Highly sensitive antibiotics against bacteria were imipenem (96%), sulzone(90%) and Ciprofloxacin (88%), whereas least affective antibiotics against gram negative rodswere penicillins (ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid), amikacin due to indiscriminate use ofantibiotics. Conclusion: High prevalence of gynecological infections demands that the patientswho have vaginosis must be investigated regularly and carefully through culture and identificationof causative bacteria. Emergence of antibiotic resistance must be controlled in order to avoidimproper use, frequent abuse, insufficient dosages, trouble-free availability of antibiotics andtreatment schedule must be designed subsequent to proper laboratory investigations.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Bacterial Isolates from Infected Wounds in a Tertiary Health Care Center, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
N. Krithik Jain ◽  
Rufus Ranjithsingh Edwin
Keyword(s):  
Care Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Care Center ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics

Background: An infected wound prolongs the period of stay in hospital which results in further chances of getting affected by nosocomial infection leading to increased number of comorbidities. Hence adequate and appropriate treatment of the infective organism is of prime importance. Objectives: To find out the most common antibiotics susceptible to the bacterial isolates from the pus samples.  Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted of the bacterial isolates from pus samples in a hospital setup of Saveetha medical college and hospital, Chennai for 100 patients. Pus samples were collected from patients who came to the surgery OPD with complaints of ulcer and discharge were subjected to culture and sensitivity after obtaining proper consent and the bacterial growths were noted. Antibiotic susceptibilities of the isolates were determined according to disk diffusion method recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standard institute [1]. Results: Out of the total samples collected (n=200) 90% of the samples showed bacterial growth and the remaining 10% of the samples showed no growth. The most predominant bacteria in our study was found to be E. coli (33%) being most susceptible to Amikacin followed by S. aureus (19%) which was highly susceptible to Linezolid and Vancomycin. Conclusion: There is a peak in the incidence of antimicrobial resistant cases which is a great threat for human mankind. Hence emphasis should be laid on rational use of antibiotics and proper sterile techniques to be followed.

Antibiotic Susceptibility Evaluation of Bacterial Agents Causing Infection in Children with Acute Tonsillopharyngitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Sherkatolabbasieh ◽  
Majid Firouzi ◽  
Shiva Shafizadeh ◽  
Iman Amiri
Keyword(s):  
Sore Throat ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Clinical Score ◽  
Streptococcal Pharyngitis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Sensitivity ◽  
Group A

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of group A beta-hemolytic pharyngitis by assessing the outcome of the culture and the resistance and sensitivity of group A beta hemolytic streptococcus to antibiotics. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 170 patients, aged 3-15 years, referred to the clinic with complaints of sore throat. Patients’ history was collected and physical examination was performed and were score based on clinical findings. Patients with other underlying pathologies and those taking antibiotics prior to the study were excluded from our study. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by disk diffusion method against cephalexin, cefazolin, erythromycin and amoxicillin. Results: A total of 170 patients were reported with sore throat. Patients with positive culture results were 60% male and 40% female. Amoxicillin resistance was the greatest (5%) in the culture. All isolated bacteria were sensitive to amoxicillin, cephalexin, cefazolin and erythromycin. Patients with McIssac score ≥ 6 showed clinical sensitivity 75% specificity 61% negative predictive value 94.8% and positive predictive value 20.3% for Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis. Conclusion: The results showed the higher the clinical score, the greater the chance of positive throat culture.

scholarly journals 660. Evaluation of Qvella’s FAST-Prep™ Liquid Colony™ for Early Antimicrobial Sensitivity Testing of Positive Blood Culture by Disk Diffusion Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S386-S386
Author(s):  
Susan M Novak-Weekley ◽  
Aye Aye Khine ◽  
Tino Alavie ◽  
Namidha Fernandez ◽  
Laxman Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Method ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative

Abstract Background Conventional antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of microorganisms from positive blood cultures (PBC) can take ≥ 2 days. In order to improve the turnaround time for AST on a PBC, CLSI and EUCAST have made efforts to standardize procedures for disk diffusion (DD) direct from a PBC. Qvella Corporation (Richmond Hill, ON, Canada) has recently developed FAST-Prep, an automated centrifugal sample preparation system that rapidly delivers a Liquid Colony consisting of a purified, concentrated, viable cell suspension directly from a PBC. This study was performed to investigate the feasibility of DD AST off of a PBC using a FAST-Prep Liquid Colony. Methods Contrived PBC samples were prepared by spiking 6 species of Gram-positive and 4 species of Gram-negative bacteria (3-5 strains per species) into FA® Plus bottles and incubating in the BACT/ALERT® VIRTUO® System (bioMerieux, Durham, NC). After positivity, 3 mL of PBC was added to the FAST-Prep cartridge. After 20 minutes of processing in the FAST-Prep instrument, the Liquid Colony was removed from the cartridge and a 0.5 McFarland sample was prepared for DD AST. In parallel, the DD AST from a PBC was performed using 4 drops of PBC (CLSI direct method). Both methods were compared to conventional colony-based DD AST. After 16-18 hours of incubation zone diameters and S/I/R interpretations were determined. Categorical agreement (CA) and errors for both DD AST methods were calculated. In addition, colony plate counting was performed on 0.5 McFarland suspensions of Liquid Colony and the plate colony to determine biomass recovery and sample purity. Results CA for a FAST-Prep DD AST for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was 95.6% and 98.6%, respectively, compared to CA for CLSI DD AST of 77.2% and 81.9%, respectively. Biomass in the Liquid Colony was 7.2x108 and 1.2x109 CFU for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Cell concentration in the 0.5 McFarland suspension of the Liquid Colony was 3.7x107 and 5.9x107 CFU/mL for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively, which was similar to the concentration for the reference colony suspension. Conclusion The results support the potential role of FAST-Prep in providing a Liquid Colony for use in rapid AST. Disclosures Susan M. Novak-Weekley, PhD, D(ABMM), Qvella (Employee, Shareholder) Aye Aye Khine, PhD, Qvella (Employee, Shareholder) Tino Alavie, PhD, Qvella (Employee) Namidha Fernandez, MS, Qvella (Employee) Laxman Pandey, MS, Qvella (Employee) Abdossamad Talebpour, PhD, Qvella (Employee, Shareholder)

scholarly journals Ecology of Bloodstream Infections and Temporal Trends of Their Antibiograms with Respect to Source and Duration of Incubation: A 5-Year Retrospective Observational Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Amit Banik ◽  
Valarie W. Lyngdoh ◽  
Elantamilan Durairaj ◽  
Anil C. Phukan ◽  
Raghavendra Kotal
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Purpose Blood is one of the most important connective tissues of human body. Bloodstream infection can range from inapparent bacteremia till fulminant septic shock with high mortality. Presence of microbes in blood whether continuously, intermittently, or transiently is a grave risk to every organ of body. Culture of blood is a vital tool to diagnose such infections. Drug susceptibility patterns help in rationalizing therapy. Objective The aim of the study is to perform bacteriological analysis and assess drug sensitivity patterns of blood culture isolates and compare in light of other associated variables. Design Retrospective observational study was conducted from January 2009 to December 2013 at a tertiary care hospital at Shillong, India. Blood samples were collected with aseptic guidelines and cultured for 7 days. Growths were identified by standard biochemical tests and subjected to sensitivity testing according to Modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Data for source of blood collection and duration of incubation were noted and compared. Results A total of 658 (11.2%) pathogens were isolated from 5,867 bacteremia-suspected patient blood specimens. Contamination was observed at the rate of 1.21%. Gram-negative organisms were the predominant pathogens recovered, Klebsiella pneumoniae being the most common. No significant difference was observed between the number of organisms isolated within or beyond 48 hours. Acinetobacter baumannii and K. pneumoniae have significantly higher chances (p < 0.05) of isolation from central line catheters compared with peripheral venipuncture. Conclusion Successful treatment of sepsis depends on early diagnosis and proper antimicrobial therapy. Local knowledge of bacteriological profile and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns helps rationalize empiric treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Bloodstream infections and trends of antimicrobial sensitivity patterns at Port Blair

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 332-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Banik ◽  
Sanjeev H. Bhat ◽  
Abhay Kumar ◽  
Agnijeet Palit ◽  
Kandregula Snehaa
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: Bloodstream infection can range from inapparent bacteremia until fulminant septic shock with high mortality. Microorganisms present in circulating blood whether continuously, intermittently, or transiently are a threat to every organ in the body. Culture of blood is a vital tool to diagnose such infections. Drug susceptibility patterns help in rationalizing therapy. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to perform bacteriological analysis and assess drug sensitivity patterns of isolates from blood stream infections. DESIGN: Retrospective observational study was conducted from May 2015 to February 2017 at a tertiary care hospital, Port Blair, India. Blood samples were collected with aseptic guidelines and cultured for 7 days. Growths were identified using standard biochemical tests and subjected to sensitivity testing according to Modified Kirby–Bauer’s disk diffusion method. Data for the source of blood collection and duration of incubation were noted and compared. RESULTS: A total of 270 (14.24%) pathogens were isolated from 1895 bacteremia suspect patient blood specimens. Contamination was observed at a rate of 1.63%. Gram-positive cocci (60.37%) were predominant organisms recovered followed by Gram-negative Bacilli (36.29%) and Yeasts (3.33%). Staphylococcus aureus, CoNS, and Acinetobacter spp. were the primary pathogens isolated. Aminoglycosides, carbapenems, and glycopeptides were the most effective drugs for treating bacteremia. CONCLUSIONS: Successful treatment of sepsis depends on early diagnosis and proper antimicrobial therapy. Local knowledge of bacteriological profile and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns helps rationalize empiric treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility of Streptococcus Pyogenes Isolated from Respiratory Tract Infections in Dakar, Senegal

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. MBI.S12996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makhtar Camara ◽  
Assane Dieng ◽  
Cheikh Saad Bouh Boye
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Group A ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Standard Disk

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is one of the major causes of respiratory tract infections. The objectives of this study were to identify isolates of S. pyogenes obtained from respiratory tract infections, and to assess their susceptibility to several antibiotics. A total of 40 strains were isolated and their susceptibility to 17 antibiotics was tested using a standard disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using the E-test. All isolates were sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics including penicillin, amoxicillin, and cephalosporins. Macrolides remain active with the exception of spiramycin, which showed reduced susceptibility. Out of the 40 isolates, 100% of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline. Interestingly, isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol, teicoplanin, vancomycine, and levofloxacin, providing potential alternative choices of treatment against infections with S. pyogenes.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infections in Children and Changes in Sensitivity to Antibiotics of E. coli Strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 3788-3792
Author(s):  
Adrian Hasegan ◽  
Maria Totan ◽  
Elisabeta Antonescu ◽  
Adrian Gheorghe Bumbu ◽  
Carmen Pantis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Positive Urine ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial pathologies in children, but they are difficult to spot. The diagnosis relies on urine culture in order to measure the prevalence of the infection, to identify the etiology and the sensitivity of the germs to different antibiotics. Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains are the most common uro-pathogen germs. The change in sensitivity to antibiotic of these uro-pathogen bacteria should be closely monitored because the physicians should be informed about the evolution of the antibiotic resistance of E coli, for a more effective treatment in their fight against diseases. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of UTIs and the evolution of antimicrobial sensitivity for E. coli. This retrospective study was performed over a period of 4 years, 2013-2016, and included all the patients admitted in the Children�s Hospital, aged 0-18 years, with the suspicion of UTIs; also, the standard culture techniques for urine samples, the modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method for the antibiotic sensitivity testing, and the disk diffusion method to confirm the ESBL production by the clinical isolates of E. coli in urine were used. The statistical analysis was performed using the proportions of sensitive, resistant and intermediates. Descriptive statistics like the total, mean and percentage were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 15.0 and Microsoft Excel. From 15389 urine cultures processed in 4 years, 1530 were positive (9.9 %). Among these positive urine cultures, 1056 (69 %) were positive for E. coli. Testing the E. coli to a range of antibiotics, according to CLSI standard, a high resistance to Ampicillin (69-96%), Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid (32-70%), Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (36-42%) was observed and low levels of resistance to Ceftazidime, Cefuroxime, Cefpodoxime, Gentamycin, Nalidixic acid. Among E. Coli strains, 9-9.6 % were ESBL positive. Despite the low number of positive urine cultures in a paediatric population, it is very important to perform the urine culture in order to correctly identify the etiology of UTIs, recommend the right antibiotic, and avoid the wrong use of the antibiotics in children.

scholarly journals Fatal post-parturient diarrhoea in a nursing cow transported to Akinyele International Cattle Market, Ibadan, Nigeria: A case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Adeyemi
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Cattle Market

A pregnant cow of Kuri breed, estimated age of six years old with second calving was transported on land from Maiduguri, Borno state Nigeria. The journey took four days to the Akinyele International Cattle Market. The pregnant cow calved immediately on arrival at the market. A week after calving, the nursing cow was offered for sale and slaughter. The nursing cow and the calf were purchased and put under intensive medical and management care of an experienced cattle stockman in the market. The nursing cow became diarrheic on the second week of arrival at the market. Clinical examination by visual observation revealed projectile watery faeces, stained hindquarter and the pair rectal sterile swab samples were collected. Though the temperature and pulse rate were within the normal range. Standard bacteriological faecal culture of the rectal swab incubated overnight at 370C in selenith F- broth, Nutrient and blood agars at 370C for 24 hours were done, revealing heavy mixed growth of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species and Bacillus species. Identification of colonies were based on morphology, gram staining, cultural and biochemical characteristics. In-vitro Antibiotic sensitivity testing on discrete colonies of bacteria faeces were done, using agar- Disk diffusion method. The E. coli, Klebsiella and Bacillus species were sensitive to ciprofloxacin® (10μg) and pefloxacin® (30μg). Sulfanol® (sulphadimidin) a broad spectrum antibiotic was administered immediately intramuscularly at 333mg in 3ml per 10kg for four days. Defaecation of the nursing cow stopped for two days after treatment. On the third day of the treatment, the faeces became pasty but the cow died overnight despite the good response to therapy.

Molecular Typing of Imipenem-ResistantAcinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticusComplex in a Singapore Hospital Where Carbapenem Resistance Is Endemic

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 941-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thean Yen Tan ◽  
Karen Poh ◽  
Siew Yong Ng
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Typing Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Resistant Strains

Objective.To investigate the molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistantAcinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticuscomplex isolates in a tertiary care hospital where the prevalence of carbapenem resistance among these organisms is high.Design.The study was a prospective, observational study performed during an 8-month period (May 1 through December 31, 2004).A. baumanniiisolates recovered from all clinical samples during the study period were included in the study. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method, and all carbapenem-resistant strains were typed by a polymerase chain reaction-based typing method.Setting.An 800-bed hospital in Singapore.Results.More than half of recovered isolates were clonally unrelated, with the remaining isolates grouped into 4 genotypes.Conclusions.The results of the study suggest that the high prevalence of carbapenem resistance amongAcinetobacterorganisms in this institution is not caused by the spread of a predominant clone and that other factors may need to be investigated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document