scholarly journals Production and assortment of dry beans in Serbia

Biljni lekar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 729-744
Author(s):  
Mirjana Vasić ◽  
Srđan Šeremešić ◽  
Jelena Marinković ◽  
Aleksandra Tepić-Horecki ◽  
Milan Zdravković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Population Migrations ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Great Divergence ◽  
Polyphagous Insects

Dry beans belong to pulses, species from Fabaceae family. Its dry grain is used in human nutrition. It is valued as traditional and modern food and medicine, protein source, and high-energy concentrated food. It is an important crop in agricultural production and international trade of many countries, economically viable and good preceding crop. Dry beans are considered the national dish of all people from Balkans, and it is inviolable in Serbia. Crossing of important trade routes, land and climate, turbulent history, which caused frequent population migrations, led to a great divergence of bean germplasm in our area. Domestic bean populations are exceptional genetic potential for breeding of new varieties that could give satisfactory results in these environmental conditions, with the application of appropriate cultivation technology. Areas under beans in Serbia are declining. Due to short vegetation and other biological traits, bean is very intensive and sensitive crop. This is emphasized by exceptional sensitivity to polyphagous insects, as well as the presence numerous pathogens. Low average yield is affected by weather, primarily high temperatures and drought. Yields could be increased by correct and timely application of modern agronomic knowledge, irrigated cultivation, in a joint crop or by sowing as second crop.

Genetic engineering of crop plants: from genome to gene

1997 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
pp. 15-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Forster ◽  
M. A. Lee ◽  
U. Lundqvist ◽  
S. Millam ◽  
K. Vamling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Transitional Phase ◽  
Selection Of

Genetic engineering of crop plants has been in progress since the dawn of agriculture, about 10 000 years ago. For millennia the genetic make-up of our crop plants has been changed by mankind's selection of naturally occurring variants. As the trade routes were developed, novel plant types were introduced into new environments and provided more variation from which to choose. At the end of the nineteenth century an understanding of the laws of heredity was gained and plant breeding protocols were devised whereby selection became accompanied by deliberate crossing. As the knowledge of the genetic structure of crop plants improved, new ways of manipulation were invented and exploited. Indeed plant breeding became a testing bed for new ideas in genetics. For the plant breeder the techniques which were most widely employed in the past were those which aided breeding, for example techniques which speeded up the production of new varieties, but still used traditional routes of crossing and selection. This was a transitional phase between plant breeding as an art and plant breeding as a science.

scholarly journals Studies upon morhological and biological traits of Festuca rubra, subsp.fallax (Poaceae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogusław Sawicki
Keyword(s):  
Biological Traits ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Good Material ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Made In

Observation and measurements of some traits of <em>Festuca rubra</em> L., subsp. <em>fallax </em>(Thuill.) Hack. ecotypes were made in 1995-1997 using samples selected from natural habitats and collected in Grassland Experimental Station in Sosnowica. High differentiation of traits under study and their correlations were found. Valorized ecotypes are good material for new varieties breeding.

scholarly journals Influence of agricultural technology elements on nitrogen nutrition of winter wheat

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Irina Vladimirovna Engovatova ◽  
Elena Olegovna Shestakova ◽  
Irina Gennadievna Storchak ◽  
Fedor Vladimirovich Eroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
The North ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
New Varieties

The purpose of our research is to study the influence of the main elements of cultivation technology on the nitrogen nutrition of winter wheat plants of varieties selected by THE North Caucasus Federal RESEARCH center (Mikhailovsk, Stavropol territory), as well as to establish the possibility of assessing the nitrogen content based on remote sensing data. Methods. The field experiment was performed in accordance with the guidelines of B. A. Dospekhov. The nitrogen content was determined by the method of V. T. Kurkaev and co-authors. NDVI data was obtained using a Greenseeker hand-held scanner (Trimble). Found that the use of mineral fertilizers in technology of winter wheat cultivation increases the relative content of nitrogen in plants at the end of generative period by 30.7-61.3% as at the predecessor pairs and 12-52,5 % for the predecessor winter wheat. The highest nitrogen content in plants was observed at the seeding rate of 4 million/ha (the excess compared to 5 and 6 million/ha is 4.3-19 %). The influence of seeding dates and norms on the relative nitrogen content is not always unambiguous and depends on the conditions of a particular year. Among the varieties, Anisimovka shows high nitrogen content. During the earing phase, there is a direct correlation between the NDVI of winter wheat crops and the relative nitrogen content in plants, the correlation coefficient on average over the years of the study is 0.72. The scientific novelty of the study is that for the first time for the zone of unstable humidification of the Stavropol territory, the influence of elements of cultivation technology on the features of nitrogen nutrition of plants of new varieties of winter wheat was analyzed, and a correlation was established between the nitrogen content in the earing phase and the NDVI index.

scholarly journals Влияние подвоя и сорта на биометрические показатели окулянтов груши в питомнике

2019 ◽  
pp. 324-327
Author(s):  
Alexander Sotnik ◽  
Valentina Tankevich
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Average Output ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Growth Development

Одним из факторов повышения урожайности и рентабельности плодовых насаждений является использование клоновых подвоев, экологически адаптированных к природным условиям региона, устойчивых к стрессовым факторам, а также хорошо совместимых с большинством сортов. В статье представлены результаты исследований за 2009-2014 гг. по уточнению элементов технологии выращивания посадочного материала груши в условиях Крыма. Проведен анализ полученных данных сравнительного изучения перспективных и районированных клоновых подвоев для груши (ВА-29, ИС 2-10, КА 53, КА 86, КА 92) с сортами (Бере Арданпон, Изумрудная, Изюминка Крыма, Мария, Мечта, Отечественная, Таврическая) адаптированными для почвенно-климатических условий Крыма. Изучено их влияние на рост, развитие и выход саженцев. Исследуемый набор отвечает требованиям современного садоводства. Интенсивные насаждения необходимо закладывать стандартным посадочным материалом, отвечающим современным требованиям. Цель исследований - дать оценку подвоям и сорто-подвойным комбинациям груши в питомнике по комплексу хозяйственно-биологических признаков и выделить перспективные для совершенствования сортимента Крыма и юга России. В проведенных исследованиях в питомнике, по основным параметрам выделены подвои крымской селекции серии КА. Средний выход стандартных однолетних саженцев на исследуемых подвойных формах составил 77-85%.One of fruit yield and profitability drivers is the use of clonal rootstocks that have been environmentally adjusted to the natural conditions of a region. These rootstocks also must be resistant to stress factors and well-compatible with most varieties. The paper reports results of research of 2009-2014 aimed to clarify the elements of planting material cultivation technology in the conditions of the Crimea. We analyzed data of a comparative study of rootstock-scion combinations of promising and released clonal rootstocks for pear (VA-29, IS 2-10, KA 53, KA 86, KA 92) and pear varieties (‘Bere Ardanpon’, ‘Izumrudnaya’, ‘Izuminka Kryma’, ‘Mariya’, ‘Mechta’, ‘Otechestvennaya’, ‘Tavricheskaya’) that were adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the Crimea, including Crimean breedings. The effect of the rootstocks on the growth, development and output of seedlings was studied. The study set meets requirements of modem horticulture. Intensive plantings should be established with a standard planting material that meets modern requirements. The goal of the study was to evaluate pear rootstock-and-scion combinations in the nursery based on a number of economic and biological traits and to reveal those promising for improvement of fruit assortment in the Crimea and in the south of Russia. As a result, ‘KA’ series rootstocks bred in the Crimea were sorted out for main parameters. The average output of standard yearlings on the study rootstocks was 77-85%.

scholarly journals Alkaloids of narrow-leaved lupine as a factor determining alternative ways of the crop’s utilization and breeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 625-635
Author(s):  
M. A. Vishnyakova ◽  
A. V. Kushnareva ◽  
T. V. Shelenga ◽  
G. P. Egorova
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Current State ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Leguminous Crop ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Varieties

Narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.), a valuable leguminous crop adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions, has a very short history of domestication. For many centuries it was used mainly as a green manure, since the success and prospects of the multi-purpose use of the species depend on its breeding improvement, in particular, on a particular concentration of alkaloids in seeds and green mass. The first varieties of scientific breeding were created only in the 1930s after the appearance of low-alkaloid mutants. Despite wide prospects for use in various areas of the national economy, unstable productivity and susceptibility to diseases hinder the production of this crop. Obviously, breeders deal only with a small part of the gene pool of the species and limited genetic resources, using mainly low-alkaloid (sweet) genotypes to create new varieties. The genetic potential of the species can be used more efficiently. At the same time, it is rational to create highly alkaloid (bitter) varieties for green manure, while food and feed varieties should not lose their adaptive potential, in particular, resistance to pathogens, due to the elimination of alkaloids. In this regard, it seems to be a productive idea to create ‘bitter/sweet’ varieties combining a high content of alkaloids in the vegetative organs and low in seeds, which can be achieved by regulating the synthesis/transport of alkaloids in the plant. The paper discusses the current state of use of the species as a green manure, fodder, food plant. Information is given on the quantity and qualitative composition of narrow-leaved lupine alkaloids, their applied value, in particular, fungicidal, antibacterial, insecticidal, the use of lupine alkaloids as active principles of drugs. Along with promising breeding considerations, the possibility of using technologies for processing raw high-alkaloid materials with the accompanying extraction of valuable ingredients for pharmaceuticals is discussed. Information is briefly presented about the genomic resources of the species and the prospects for their use in marker-assistant selection and genome editing.

scholarly journals Risk Analysis and Management Strategies of Sugarcane Producer in Selecting Varieties: Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 06008
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zainuddin ◽  
Illia Seldon Magfiroh ◽  
Intan Kartika Setyawati ◽  
Rena Yunita Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mode ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Production Risk ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Selection Of

The composition of sugar cane varieties which planted are not balanced especially in the nursery sector that caused the efficiency of the sugar industry on national scale low. This condition happens because there are risks faced by farmers in determining the varieties of sugarcane that will be planted. The aim of this study was to analyze the risk of production and strategies to overcome the risks due to the selection of sugar cane varieties. Samples used in the study were 30 people (12 sugarcane farmers, 6 managers, and assistant plant managers, and 12 people from APTR / KPTR. Data were analyzed using the method of Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Research Results indicate that the risks classified as very high categories that can be caused by the selection of certain sugar cane varieties are production risk, sugar quality risk and sugar price-output risk Risk management that can be applied to reduce the risk due to variety selection is to use superior varieties, the development of new varieties which has high productivity, increase cultivation technology by farmers, and unloads ratoon after 2 times harvesting.

scholarly journals ABOUT USING THE CONTROLLED VEGETATION SYSTEM (CVS) TO REALIZE THE GENETIC POTENTIAL OF SOYBEAN VARIETIES OF DIFFERENT GENOTYPES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
Alexander Pryanishnikov ◽  
Salis Karakotov ◽  
Victor Titov ◽  
Vladimir Kosolapov
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Varietal Diversity ◽  
Technological Support ◽  
Type Distribution ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Selection Of

Varietal diversity is an essential part of the adaptation of production when implementing its soybeans species potential. It is shown that the level of technological support has had a significant impact on the formation of varieties of genetically determined agronomic characteristics and properties. Noted that extensive cultivation type distribution of varieties in the coordinate system of the "crop/protein" is chaotic, and the ratio is expressed as a negative trend line in their dependencies. Against this background, the test contributed to the selection of adapted soybean cultivars based on productivity – Asuka, Nordica and Kyoto, and quality soybeans – Navigator, Senator, Comandor and Amphor. The intensification of the same cultivation allows you to organize the distribution of samples filled with harvest quality content. Such approaches in cultivation technology allowed select high intensity grade – Navigator, Comandor and Malaga. A group is selected varieties of Pripyat, Zusha, Mezenka and Victoria, which was characterized by high reviews on intensification of criteria of quality beans, indicating a high potential for the production. Based on the results of the test production of varieties and introduction of management techniques during vegetation productivity of soybean in GK "Rusagro-Invest" on test fields, it has been shown that the use of the technology of the CVS (Controlled Vegetation System) JSC "Shchelkovo Agrochim" has additionally receive up to 0.42 t/ha production.

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