Memorandum of Understanding on the sale of counterfeit goods on the internet: Evaluation of application ten years after signing

The sale of counterfeit goods on the internet is a global problem affecting all national economies. As internet users have access to websites created in other countries, the limits of national regulations have been breached. Therefore, it is necessary to regulate the fight against the sale of counterfeit good on the internet on international level. Existing binding sources of international law do not regulate this issue. However, non-binding international legal instruments offer solutions. In 2011, under the auspice of the Commission, Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on the sale of counterfeit goods on the internet was concluded. Memorandum serves as a basis for dialogue and cooperation between stakeholders, with the aim of curtailing the offering of counterfeit goods on online marketplaces. The paper analyses reasons for the adoption of MoU and its content. Special attention is paid to notice and takedown. The paper also examines results of MoU and its perspectives.

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To model of participation of interested parties in governance of the Internet on the international level

Право и политика ◽

10.7256/2454-0706.2020.5.32923 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 90-109

Author(s):

Nikita Istomin

Keyword(s):

International Law ◽

The United States ◽

The Internet ◽

Internet Governance ◽

International Level ◽

Global Issues ◽

Transnational Organizations ◽

Leading Role ◽

History Of

This article analyzes the model of participation of many interested parties in governance of the Internet, as well as its definition on the international level and within the doctrine. The goal consists in determining the importance and the role of participation of multiple interested parties in the context of Internet governance, and its correlation to the transnational approach in international law. The model of participation of multiple interested parties is predominantly examined as participation in Internet governance of the actors of international law and private entities. The subject of this research is the provisions of summary documents, summits on the highest level regarding the questions of information community, resolution of the UN General Assembly and other branches of the UN system, provisions of acts of other transnational organizations that are dedicated to development of state policy in the area of Internet governance, as well as doctrinal sources covering history of the question. The scientific novelty lies in determination of correlation of the participation of interested parties in Internet governance. It is noted that in the practice of Internet governance there are two clear approaches for implementation of this model: ran by states and international organizations, or one that is ran by private entities. The international legal acts reflect the former approach towards implementation of this model. In accordance with this approach, the work on Internet governance in consultation of state with private entities, allowing private entities as observers, or creation of public-private partnerships aimed at solution of global issues. The leading role of the private sector is advanced by the United States and several other Western nations as an alternative to translational multilateral approach, which contradicts the international legal acts, since the role ICANN as a leader is delegated to private entities, rather than states.

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Comparative analysis of the legislation in sphere of Internet governance in Central and Eastern Europe

Prawo ◽

10.19195/0524-4544.327.21 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 327 ◽

pp. 325-338

Author(s):

Andrey A. Shcherbovich

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Eastern Europe ◽

International Law ◽

Central And Eastern Europe ◽

The Internet ◽

Internet Governance ◽

National Legislation ◽

Internet Users ◽

Legislative Measures

The article deals with a comparative analysis of provisions of national legislation and draft legislation initiatives of the nations of Central and Eastern Europe on regulation of the Internet. Special attention is paid to legislative measures infringing human rights of Internet users. Here we need to stress the importance of international law which could guarantee realization of the human rights of users, as well as integrity of the Internet. Finally, the article suggests the most important provisions of the international rules for these purposes.

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The Effect of Suicide-Related Internet Use on Users’ Mental Health

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000201 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 348-353 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Hajime Sueki

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Young Adults ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Internet Use ◽

Panel Study ◽

Psychological Effects ◽

The Internet ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Suicide Methods ◽

Internet Users

Background: Previous studies have shown that suicide-related Internet use can have both negative and positive psychological effects. Aims: This study examined the effect of suicide-related Internet use on users’ suicidal ideation, depression/anxiety tendency, and loneliness. Method: A two-wave panel study of 850 Internet users was conducted via the Internet. Results: Suicide-related Internet use (e.g., browsing websites about suicide methods) had negative effects on suicidal ideation and depression/anxiety tendency. No forms of suicide-related Internet use, even those that would generally be considered positive, were found to decrease users’ suicidal ideation. In addition, our results suggest that the greater the suicidal ideation and feelings of depression and loneliness of Internet users, the more they used the Internet. Conclusion: Since suicide-related Internet use can adversely influence the mental health of young adults, it is necessary to take measures to reduce their exposure to such information.

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Cyberpolitik

ADALAH ◽

10.15408/adalah.v4i2.17927 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Munadhil Abdul Muqsith

Keyword(s):

Political Communication ◽

Total Population ◽

Service Providers ◽

Mailing List ◽

The Internet ◽

Internet Service Providers ◽

Internet Service ◽

Internet Users ◽

Internet Media ◽

First Time

Abstract:The internet developed for the first time in Indonesia in the early 1990s. Starting from the pagayuban network, it is now expanding without boundaries anywhere. A survey conducted by the Indonesian Internet Service Providers Association (APJII) said that the number of internet users in Indonesia in 2012 reached 63 million people or 24.23 percent of the country's total population. Next year, that figure is predicted to increase by close to 30 percent to 82 million users and continue to grow to 107 million in 2014 and 139 million or 50 percent of the total population in 2015. million people. This matter also results in political communication with the internet media, or is often said to be cyber politics. Cyber politics in Indonesia has faced growth in recent years. There are many facilities that support the growth of cyber politics, such as Facebook, Twitter, mailing list, YouTube, and others.Keywords: Cyberpolitik, Internet Abstrak:Internet berkembang pertama kali di Indonesia pada awal tahun 1990-an. Diawali dari pagayuban network kini berkembang luas tanpa batas dimanapun juga. Suatu survei yang diselenggarakan Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia (APJII) mengatakan kalau jumlah pengguna internet di Indonesia tahun 2012 menggapai 63 juta orang ataupun 24,23 persen dari total populasi negeri ini. Tahun depan, angka itu diprediksi naik dekat 30 persen jadi 82 juta pengguna serta terus berkembang jadi 107 juta pada 2014 serta 139 juta ataupun 50 persen total populasi pada 2015. juta orang. Perihal ini pula berakibat pada komunikasi politik dengan media internet, ataupun kerap diucap dengan cyber politic. Cyber politic di Indonesia hadapi pertumbuhan sebagian tahun terakhir. Banyaknya fasilitas yang menunjang pertumbuhan cyber politic semacam terdapatnya facebook, Twitter, mailing list, youtobe, serta lain-lain.Kata Kunci: Cyberpolitik, Internet

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A Literature Review On Anti Virus And Its Analysis

Think India ◽

10.26643/think-india.v22i2.8732 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 315-328

Author(s):

Vishal Patel ◽

Pravin H. Bhathawala

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Computer Systems ◽

The Internet ◽

Its Analysis ◽

Internet Users ◽

Online Consumers ◽

Virus Attack

Anti Virus are nasty software’s. It is designed to damage computer systems without the knowledge of the owner using the system and technique advancements are posing big challenges for researchers in both academia and the industry. The purpose of this study is to examine the available literatures on Anti Virus analysis and to determine how research has evolved and advanced in terms of quantity, content and publication outlets. Most Anti Virus programs are large and complex and one can’t possibly understand every detail. Educating the internet users about Anti Virus attack, as well as the implementation and proper application of anti-Anti Virus tools, are critical steps in protecting the identities of online consumers against Anti Virus attacks.

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Internet usage patterns and gender differences: a decision tree approach

10.31124/advance.8040185 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Dijana Kovacevic ◽

Ljiljana Kascelan

Keyword(s):

Decision Tree ◽

Internet Usage ◽

The Internet ◽

Modified Model ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

Internet Users ◽

Usage Patterns ◽

And Gender ◽

The One ◽

Web Developers

the present study deals with a more detailed, and updated, modified model that allows for the identification of internet usage patterns by gender. The model was modified due to the development of the internet and new access models, on the one hand, and to the fact that previous studies mainly focuses on various individual (non-interactive) influences of certain factors, on the other. The Decision Tree (DT) method, which is used in our study, does not require a pre-defined underlying relationship. In addition, the method allows a great many explanatory variables to be processed and the most important variables are easy to identify. Obtained results can serve as to web developers and designers, since by indicating the differences between male and female internet users in terms of their behaviour on the internet it can help in deciding when, where and how to address and appeal to which section of the user base. It is especially important to know their online preferences in order to enable the adequate and targeted placement of information, actions or products and services for the intended target groups.

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On Waxen Wings: Challenges to the Public Sphere in the Network Age

MacEwan University Student eJournal ◽

10.31542/j.muse.208 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mike Francoeur

Keyword(s):

Public Sphere ◽

Public Discourse ◽

The Internet ◽

The Public ◽

Digital Space ◽

Multiple Viewpoints ◽

Internet Users ◽

Economic Production ◽

The Public Sphere ◽

Communicative Space

There is a tendency, particularly among Western pundits and technologists, to examine the Internet in almost universally positive terms; this is most evident in any discussion of the medium’s capacity for democratization. While the Internet has produced many great things for society in terms of cultural and economic production, some consideration must be given to the implications that such a revolutionary medium holds for the public sphere. By creating a communicative space that essentially grants everyone his or her own microphone, the Internet is fragmenting public discourse due to the proliferation of opinions and messages and the removal of traditional gatekeepers of information. More significantly, because of the structural qualities of the Internet, users no longer have to expose themselves to opinions and viewpoints that fall outside their own preconceived notions. This limits the robustness of the public sphere by limiting the healthy debate that can only occur when exposed to multiple viewpoints. Ultimately, the Internet is not going anywhere, so it is important to equip the public with the tools and knowledge to be able to navigate the digital space.

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MEDIA LITERASI BAGI DIGITAL NATIVES: PERSPEKTIF GENERASI Z DI JAKARTA

Jurnal Kwangsan ◽

10.31800/jtp.kw.v6n1.p60--73 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 60

Author(s):

Ranny Rastati

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Media Literacy ◽

Generation Y ◽

Role Model ◽

Digital Natives ◽

The Internet ◽

Positive Image ◽

Generation Z ◽

Internet Users ◽

Depth Interview

In 2017 the majority of internet users are 19-34 years old or 49.52% (APJI, 2017). Almost half of the internet users in Indonesia are digital natives who were born after 1980: Generation Y (1980-1995) and Generation Z (1996-2009). This research will be focused on Generation Z as the true generation of the internet. Generation Z was born when the internet is available, a contrast to Generation Y who is still experiencing the transition of the internet. The purpose of this research is to find an effective way of providing information about media literacy to Generation Z. Through descriptive qualitative, the study was conducted with in-depth interview and observation toward 12 university students in Jakarta. The results showed that there are four effective ways of providing information about media literacy which is i) videos distributed to social media such as Youtube and Instagram, ii) interesting memes in communicative style, iii) through selebgram or micro-celebrity in Instagram who is consider as a role model and have a positive image, and iv) roadside billboards. Another interesting finding is that male informants tend to like media literacy information through videos and memes, while female informants prefer campaigns conducted by positive image selebgram and billboard. AbstrakPada tahun 2017 pengguna internet di Indonesia mayoritas berusia 19-34 tahun yaitu sebanyak 49,52% (APJI, 2017). Dari data tersebut terlihat bahwa hampir sebagian pengguna internet di Indonesia adalah digital natives atau penutur asli teknologi digital yaitu orang-orang yang lahir setelah tahun 1980: Generasi Y (1980-1995) dan Generasi Z (1996-2009). Penelitian ini akan difokuskan kepada Generasi Z karena mereka dianggap sebagai sebenar-benarnya generasi internet. Generasi Z lahir saat teknologi tersebut sudah tersedia, berbeda dengan Generasi Y yang masih mengalami transisi teknologi hingga menuju internet. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mencari tahu cara yang efektif dalam memberikan informasi mengenai media literasi kepada generasi Z. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Informan berjumlah 12 orang mahasiswa di Jakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada empat cara yang efektif dalam memberikan informasi mengenai media literasi yaitu i) video yang disebarkan ke media sosial seperti Youtube dan Instagram, ii) meme menarik dengan bahasa yang mudah dimengerti, iii) melalui selebgram yang menjadi panutan dan berimage positif, dan iv) papan iklan di pinggir jalan. Temuan menarik lainnya adalah informan laki-laki cenderung menyukai informasi media literasi melalui video dan meme yang disebarkan ke media sosial, sementara perempuan lebih menyukai kampanye yang dilakukan oleh selebgram berimage positif dan papan iklan.

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COMPUTER PIRACY AS A GLOBAL PROBLEM

Образование. Культура. Общество: сборник избранных статей по материалам Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Апрель 2020) ◽

10.37539/ecs290.2020.38.38.003 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Екатерина Султановна Айсханова

Keyword(s):

Information Technologies ◽

Information Networks ◽

The Internet ◽

Global Problem

В работе рассматривается компьютерное пиратство как проблема мирового масштаба. Одним из значимых явлений, которое дало дорогу пиратству стало развитие информационных технологий. Если раньше результат пиратства можно было наблюдать исключительно в печатных изданиях, то сейчас оно набирает свои обороты в информационных сетях, а именно сети Интернет. The paper considers computer piracy as a global problem. One of the significant phenomena that gave way to piracy was the development of information technologies. If earlier the result of piracy could be observed only in printed publications, now it is gaining momentum in information networks, namely the Internet.

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A cross-sectional survey among physicians on Internet use for epilepsy-related information (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.13820 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Francesco Brigo ◽

Simona Lattanzi ◽

Giorgia Giussani ◽

Laura Tassi ◽

Nicola Pietrafusa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Internet Use ◽

The Internet ◽

Online Information ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Related Information ◽

Internet Users ◽

Therapeutic Decisions ◽

The Individual ◽

The Web

BACKGROUND The Internet has become one of the most important sources of health information, accessed daily by an ever-growing number of both patients and physicians, seeking medical advice and clinical guidance. A deeper insight into the current use of the Web as source of information on epilepsy would help in clarifying the individual attitude towards this medium by Internet users. OBJECTIVE We investigated views towards the Internet in a sample of Italian healthcare specialists involved in epilepsy field, to explore factors which explained the influence of information found on the internet. METHODS This study was a self-administered survey conducted in a group of members of the Italian Chapter of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) in January 2018. RESULTS 184 questionnaires were analyzed. 97.8% of responders reported to seek online information on epilepsy. The Internet was most frequently searched to obtain new information (69.9%) or to confirm a diagnostic or therapeutic decision (37.3%). The influence of consulting the Internet on clinical practice was associated with registration to social network(s) (OR: 2.94; 95%CI: 1.28-6.76; p=0.011), higher frequency of Internet use (OR: 3.66; 95%CI: 1.56-9.21; p=0.006) and higher confidence in reliability of online information (OR: 2.61; 95%CI: 1.09-6.26; p=0.031). No association was found with age, sex, years in epilepsy practice or easiness to find online information. CONCLUSIONS Internet is frequently used among healthcare professionals involved in the epilepsy to obtain information about this disease. The attitude of being influenced by the Internet for diagnostic and/or therapeutic decisions in epilepsy is independent on age and years of experience in epilepsy, and probably reflects an individual approach towards the Web.

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