scholarly journals Cameras in the Countryside: Recreational Photography in Rural Ontario, 1851-1920

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-31
Author(s):  
Jacqueline McIsaac
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
Rural Society ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Cultural Expression ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Diversification Strategies ◽  
Leisure Pursuit

The introduction and subsequent refinement of glass plate negative technology facilitated photography’s appropriation within rural Ontario. As a recreational consumer technology, the camera became easier to use, financially accessible, and portable, thus better suiting the needs of rural consumers. While technological advancements allowed the camera to be adopted as a leisure pursuit, its use was directed by the countryside’s cultural values and social norms. These interests influenced who used cameras, how photo-supplies were purchased, the camera’s place within household income diversification strategies, and the photographer’s gaze, all of which suggest that when photo-technology was used in the countryside, it was as an extension of, not a challenge to, rural cultural values. At the same time, as the first photography system that was accessible to the middle and labouring classes, glass plates cannot help but reveal the visual priorities this new group of consumers, thus contributing to current discussions on cultural aspects of rural society. Consequently, glass plate cameras in Ontario’s countryside functioned as both a documentary medium as well as a form of cultural expression.

„Rzymski” Żyd – nieznana twórczość Romana Brandstaettera

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-61
Author(s):  
Dariusz Konrad Sikorski
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Free Speech ◽  
Role Model ◽  
The Self ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Law

Summary After 1946, ie. after embracing Christianity, Roman Brandstaetter would often point to the Biblical Jonah as a role model for both his life and his artistic endeavour. In the interwar period, when he was a columnist of Nowy Głos, a New York Polish-Jewish periodical, he used the penname Romanus. The ‘Roman’ Jew appears to have treated his columns as a form of an artistic and civic ‘investigation’ into scandalous cases of breaking the law, destruction of cultural values and violation of social norms. Although it his was hardly ‘a new voice’ with the potential to change the course of history, he did become an intransigent defender of free speech. Brought up on the Bible and the best traditions of Polish literature and culture, Brandstaetter, the self-appointed disciple of Adam Mickiewicz, could not but stand up to the challenge of anti-Semitic aggression.

The Effect of Cultural Values in Mobile Payment Preference

2017 ◽  
pp. 248-263
Author(s):  
Jashim Khan ◽  
Jean-Éric Pelet ◽  
Gary James Rivers ◽  
Na Zuo
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Mobile Payment ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Mobile Payments ◽  
Negative Perceptions

The purpose of this study is to compare French and New Zealand consumers' perceptions of mobile payments (m-payments) relative to other options to identify the preferred mode of payment and related spending behaviour. Evidence suggests that payment modes can influence spending behaviours and therefore this is important to commerce to promote payment modes that facilitate transactions. Using the Perceptions of Payment Mode (PPM) scale (Khan et al., 2015), this study was able to identify cultural differences on perceptions of cash payments, though both countries' consumers held negative perceptions of, and emotions towards, m-payments relative to other options. The empirical results are useful in understanding cultural aspects of payment modes and for companies to recognise consumers' associations with these modes to enhance relations, services and the use of m-payments.

Japanese Cultural Traditions and International Business

2015 ◽  
pp. 106-126
Author(s):  
Gloria Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
International Business ◽  
Business Communication ◽  
Japanese People ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Universal Values ◽  
Ways Of Thinking

Although people from several countries may share some universal values, they also have different cultural values. The differences in cultural values generally produce different ways of thinking and acting that can cause misunderstandings and disappointments in business communication. Therefore, the willingness to understand in depth others' cultures is necessary for doing international business. Japan is an important country and thus the author explains in-depth the specific cultural values that are important in the international business between Japanese and non-Japanese people. This chapter is based on a broader research conducted in Japan and focused on the unique characteristics of Japan's cultural values, social norms, and business customs. Thus, it presents the specific cultural values coming from the Japanese philosophical and cultural traditions, examines their influence in the Japanese international business, and emphasizes the importance of understanding them in depth for doing business successfully in Japan.

Coupling law enforcement and community-based regulations in support of compliance with biodiversity conservation regulations

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidelis Akunke Atuo ◽  
Jun Fu ◽  
Timothy John O’Connell ◽  
Jonathan Akomaye Agida ◽  
Jennifer Arubemi Agaldo
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Local Behaviour ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Illegal Activities

SummaryThe scope and scale of wildlife crimes around the world have risen in intensity and complexity, yet current enforcement strategies have often not delivered desired effects on illegal activities, even within protected areas. Tackling the array of illegal activities by emphasizing law enforcement above other options is challenging and potentially unsustainable. We explored the potential for social norms, community regulations and socioeconomic factors to promote compliance with wildlife laws by interviewing 334 respondents in 28 villages that share boundaries with protected areas in Nigeria. Using an anonymous direct questioning approach, we recorded a high prevalence of non-compliance behaviours in all studied communities. Injunctive norms (i.e., perceptions of acceptable behaviour within a social group) significantly predicted compliance, as respondents with no complicit friends or family members were more likely to comply with wildlife regulations. Perceived likelihood of community-level sanctions played a more salient role than the fear of arrest by rangers in influencing compliance. In addition, non-compliance increased with number of dependents, but reduced with average monthly household income. Our study demonstrates that clear knowledge of the social norms that drive local behaviour as well as the authorities that enforce them is integral to understanding the forces that drive community involvement and participation in conservation. Incorporating local communities in planning enforcement interventions may help protect threatened species and landscapes.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Sosial Budaya Islami Terhadap Tatanan Permukiman Kampung Arab Sugihwaras

Teknik ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Astari Wulandari ◽  
Bambang Setioko ◽  
Atik Suprapti
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Cultural Variables ◽  
The Social ◽  
Separate Identity ◽  
Space Order ◽  
Arab Descent

Bentuk lingkungan permukiman sebagai suatu produk komunitas adalah hasil kesepakatan sosial dan bukan merupakan produk inividual. Dengan kata lain, komunitas yang berbeda tentunya akan menunjukkan karakter yang berbeda pula. Kampung Arab Sugihwaras sebagai permukiman yang dihuni oleh masyarakat keturunan Arab di Pekalongan terancam oleh berbagai perubahan baik pada aspek sosial budaya maupun bentukan fisik permukiman. Pada kondisi ideal bentukan fisik permukiman yang khas yang diperkuat oleh nilai – nilai sosial budaya masyarakat keturunan Arab di Sugihwaras dapat menjadi suatu identitas tersendiri bagi kawasan. Untuk itu penting untuk mengetahui pengaruh sosial budaya Islami terhadap tatanan permukiman untuk mencegah hilangnya identitas masyarakat dan mempertahankan keteraturan lingkungan permukiman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimanakah pengaruh sosial budaya Islami terhadap tatanan permukiman Kampung Arab Sugihwaras. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metodologi kuantitatif deskriptif melalui paradigm postpositivistik. Berdasarkan hasil uji regresi terhadap variabel penelitian ditemukan adanya pengaruh sosial budaya Islami sebesar 14,2, % sedangkan secara parsial tidak semua variabel pada sosial budaya Islami berpengaruh terhadap tatanan permukiman. Akan tetapi hanya variabel lingkungan bertetangga saja yang menunjukkan adanya pengaruh secara langsung. [The Islamic Socio-Cultural Influence toward Settlement Arragement in Kampung Arab Sugihwaras] Neighborhoods forms as a community product is the result of social consensus and not a product inividual. In other words, different communities will certainly show different characters. Sugihwaras Arab village as a settlement inhabited by the descendants of Arabs in Pekalongan threatened by various changes both in the socio-cultural aspects as well as the space order of settlements. On the ideal conditions, space order of typical settlement reinforced by values - social and cultural values of Arab descent in Sugihwaras can be a separate identity for the region. It is important to know the social influence of Islamic culture against settlement arrangement to prevent the loss of community identity and maintain regularity neighborhoods. The purpose of this study was to determine how the social influence of Islamic culture to the Arab village Sugihwaras settlement arrangement. This research was done by using descriptive quantitative methodology through post- positivistm paradigm. Based on the results of the regression test against variables the study found the social influence of Islamic culture by 14.2% while partially not all socio-cultural variables on Islamic influence on settlement arrangement. But only neighbourhood variables showed a direct influence to the settlement arragement in Kampung Arab Sugihwaras. 

The Significance of Earth-Eating: Social and Cultural Aspects of Geophagy Among Luo Children

Africa ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Wenzel Geissler
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
The People ◽  
Cultural Themes

ABSTRACTEarth‐eating is common among primary school children in Luoland, western Kenya. This article describes the social significance and meanings attributed to it. Earth‐eating is practised among children before puberty, irrespective of their sex, and among women of reproductive age, but not usually among adult men or old women. To eat earth signifies belonging to the female sphere within the household, which includes children up to adolescence. Through eating earth, or abandoning it, the children express their emerging gender identity. Discourses about earth‐eating, describing the practice as unhealthy and bad, draw on ‘modern’ notions of hygiene, which are imparted, for example, in school. They form part of the discursive strategies with which men especially maintain a dominant position in the community. Beyond the significance of earth‐eating in relation to age, gender and power, it relates to several larger cultural themes, namely fertility, belonging to a place, and the continuity of the lineage. Earth symbolises female, life‐bringing forces. Termite hills, earth from which is eaten by most of the children and women, can symbolise fertility, and represent the house and the home, and the graves of ancestors. Earth‐eating is a form of ‘communion’ with life‐giving forces and with the people with whom one shares land and origin. Earth‐eating is a social practice produced in complex interactions of body, mind and other people, through which children incorporate and embody social relations and cultural values.

scholarly journals How preschoolers react to norm violations is associated with culture

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Gampe ◽  
Moritz M. Daum
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Performance Orientation ◽  
Norm Violations ◽  
Norm Enforcement

Children from the age of three understand social norms as such, and enforce these norms in interactions with others. Differences in parental and institutional education across cultures make it likely that children receive divergent information about how to act in cases of norm violations. In the present study, we investigated whether cultural values are associated with the ways in which children react to norm violations. We tested 80 bicultural 3-year-old children with a norm enforcement paradigm and analyzed their reactions to norm violations. The reactions were correlated to the children’s parental cultural values using the GLOBE scales and these results show that parental culture was associated with children’s reactions to norm violations. The three strongest correlations were found for institutional collectivism, performance orientation and assertiveness.

scholarly journals Linguistic and Sociolinguistic Peculiarities of Family Law Legal Terminology

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 365
Author(s):  
Ketevan Djachy ◽  
George Kuparadze ◽  
Lia Rukhiashvili
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Cultural Stereotypes ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Mixed Marriages ◽  
The Family ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
Communicative Role ◽  
Comprehensive Study

This paper concerns a comprehensive study of the Family Law legal terminology and attempts to determine its communicative role and functions in linguistic, sociolinguistic and socio-cultural aspects. Increased contacts between people, societal changes associated with migration processes, and more frequent mixed marriages have led to dynamic socio-cultural values and changes to traditional cultural stereotypes. In this regard, it is interesting to examine and study the marital and family problems in contemporary intercultural space and legal discourse, the sphere that has not been studied yet in terms of comparative analysis in Georgian, English and French languages.

scholarly journals Fungsi Kearifan Lokal dalam Peribahasa Kulawi sebagai Penguat Karakter Etnik Kulawi:Kajian Semiotika

Multilingual ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-248
Author(s):  
NFN TAMRIN ◽  
NFN Yunidar ◽  
NFN Nursyamsi ◽  
Siti Fatinah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Qualitative Research Method ◽  
Ethical Character

abstractLocal wisdom is one of the products of character strengthening development, both in the form of morals and ethics. Therefore, the meaning of local wisdom can be knitted and developed in shaping the nation's moral and ethical character. By raising the theme of the function of local wisdom in Kulawi proverbs as a reinforcement of the Kulawi ethnic character, this study aims to describe the functions and meanings contained in Kulawi proverbs that show local wisdom and cultural values. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method by describing and analyzing phenomena, events, social activities, attitudes and beliefs of individuals and groups. Furthermore, data collection through and analyzed based on Rolan Bhartes' semiotic elements. The results of the analysis show that the meaning of local wisdom contained in the Kulawi proverb is to elevate the morality of the Kulawi ethnic life and assert itself as a dignified community. The function of local wisdom in the Kulawi proverb is as a tool for controlling social norms, a means of communication and controlling society, as a means of education, and as a tool for maintaining the harmony of religious communities.Keywords: local wisdom, proverbs, ethnicity, culture  AbstrakKearifan lokal merupakan salah satu produk pengembangan penguat karakter, baik berupa moral amaupun etika. Oleh karena itu, makna kearifan local dapat dirajut dan dikembangkan dalam membetuk karakter bangsa yang bermoral dan beretika. Dengan mengangkat tema  fungsi kearifan lokal  dalam peribahasa Kulawi sebagai penguat karakter etnik Kulawi, penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan fungsi dan makna yang terkandung dalam peribahasa  bahasa Kulawi yang menunjukkan kearifan lokal dan nilai budaya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis  fenomena, peristiwa, aktivitas sosial, sikap dan kepercayaan individual dan kelompok. Selanjutnya, pengumpulan  data melalui  dan dianalisis berdasarkan elemen semiotika Rolan Bhartes. Hasil analisis menunjukkan  bahwa makna keraifan local  yang terdapat dalam peribahasa bahasa Kulawi yaitu  meninggikan moralitas kehidupan etnik Kulawi serta menegaskan diri sebagai komunitas yang bermartabat. Adapun fungsi kerifan local dalam peribahasa Kulawi yaitu  sebagai alat pengedali norma social, alat komunikasi dan pengedali masyarakat, sebagai sarana pendidikan, dan sebagai alat pemelihara ketrukunan ummat beragama. 

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