scholarly journals Epidemiological evaluation of rubella virus infection among pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olubusuyi M Adewumi ◽  
Adebowale O. Olayinka ◽  
Babatunde A. Olusola ◽  
Temitope O.C. Faleye ◽  
Waidi F. Sule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defects ◽  
Rubella Virus ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rubella Infection

Rubella is a vaccine-preventable, mild rash-inducing viral disease with complications that include a spectrum of birth defects in the developing foetus, especially if the infection is acquired in the early months of pregnancy. Consequently, the primary objective of global rubella control programmes is prevention of congenital rubella infection and associated birth defects often collectively referred to as CRS. Despite the availability of safe and effective vaccines, and elimination of rubella virus in many developed countries, substantial commitment to rubella control has not been demonstrated in the developing countries. This study appraises immunity to rubella, and consequently makes appropriate recommendations aimed at facilitating effective control. A cross-sectional sero-surveillance study was carried out among 272 consenting ante-natal clinic attendees in southwestern, Nigeria. Prevalence rates of 91.54% and 1.84% were recorded for anti-rubella virus (anti-RV) IgG and IgM respectively. Also, 90.7% and 92.3% of the women aged ≤ 30 years and ˃ 30 years respectively had detectable anti-RV IgG. No significant association (p=0.94) was recorded between anti-RV IgG detection and age of the women. Previous exposure and susceptibility of significant fraction of the population to rubella infection were confirmed. Considerable political commitment and promotion of free rubella immunization specifically for women of childbearing potential were recommended.

scholarly journals Epidemiological evaluation of rubella virus infection among pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olubusuyi M Adewumi ◽  
Adebowale O. Olayinka ◽  
Babatunde A. Olusola ◽  
Temitope O.C. Faleye ◽  
Waidi F. Sule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defects ◽  
Rubella Virus ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rubella Infection

Rubella is a vaccine-preventable, mild rash-inducing viral disease with complications that include a spectrum of birth defects in the developing foetus, especially if the infection is acquired in the early months of pregnancy. Consequently, the primary objective of global rubella control programmes is prevention of congenital rubella infection and associated birth defects often collectively referred to as CRS. Despite the availability of safe and effective vaccines, and elimination of rubella virus in many developed countries, substantial commitment to rubella control has not been demonstrated in the developing countries. This study appraises immunity to rubella, and consequently makes appropriate recommendations aimed at facilitating effective control. A cross-sectional sero-surveillance study was carried out among 272 consenting ante-natal clinic attendees in southwestern, Nigeria. Prevalence rates of 91.54% and 1.84% were recorded for anti-rubella virus (anti-RV) IgG and IgM respectively. Also, 90.7% and 92.3% of the women aged ≤ 30 years and ˃ 30 years respectively had detectable anti-RV IgG. No significant association (p=0.94) was recorded between anti-RV IgG detection and age of the women. Previous exposure and susceptibility of significant fraction of the population to rubella infection were confirmed. Considerable political commitment and promotion of free rubella immunization specifically for women of childbearing potential were recommended.

scholarly journals Epidemiological evaluation of rubella virus infection among pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olubusuyi M Adewumi ◽  
Adebowale O. Olayinka ◽  
Adebiyi B. Olusola ◽  
Temitope O.C. Faleye ◽  
Folorunso W. Sule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defects ◽  
Rubella Virus ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rubella Infection ◽  
Congenital Rubella

Abstract: Rubella is a vaccine-preventable, mild rash-inducing viral disease with complications that include a spectrum of birth defects in the developing foetus, especially if the infection is acquired in the early months of pregnancy. Consequently, the primary objective of global rubella control programmes is prevention of congenital rubella infection and associated birth defects often collectively referred to as congenital rubella syndrome.Despite the availability of safe and effective vaccines, and elimination of rubella virus in many developed countries substantial commitment to rubella control has not been demonstrated in the developing countries. This study appraises immunity to rubella, and consequently makes appropriate recommendations aimed at facilitating effective control. A cross-sectional sero-surveillance study was carried out among 272 consenting ante-natal clinic attendees in south-western, Nigeria. Prevalence rates of 91.54% and 1.84% were recorded for anti-rubella virus (anti-RV) IgG and IgM respectively. Also, 90.7% and 92.3% of the women aged ≤30 years and ›30 years respectively had detectable anti-RV IgG. No significant association (p=0.94) was recorded between anti-RV IgG detection and age of the women. Previous exposure and susceptibility of significant fraction of the population to rubella infection were confirmed. Considerable political commitment and promotion of free rubella immunization specifically for women with childbearing potential were recommended.

scholarly journals Epidemiological evaluation of rubella virus infection among pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olubusuyi M Adewumi ◽  
Adebowale O. Olayinka ◽  
Adebiyi B. Olusola ◽  
Temitope O.C. Faleye ◽  
Folorunso W. Sule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defects ◽  
Rubella Virus ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rubella Infection ◽  
Congenital Rubella

Abstract: Rubella is a vaccine-preventable, mild rash-inducing viral disease with complications that include a spectrum of birth defects in the developing foetus, especially if the infection is acquired in the early months of pregnancy. Consequently, the primary objective of global rubella control programmes is prevention of congenital rubella infection and associated birth defects often collectively referred to as congenital rubella syndrome.Despite the availability of safe and effective vaccines, and elimination of rubella virus in many developed countries substantial commitment to rubella control has not been demonstrated in the developing countries. This study appraises immunity to rubella, and consequently makes appropriate recommendations aimed at facilitating effective control. A cross-sectional sero-surveillance study was carried out among 272 consenting ante-natal clinic attendees in south-western, Nigeria. Prevalence rates of 91.54% and 1.84% were recorded for anti-rubella virus (anti-RV) IgG and IgM respectively. Also, 90.7% and 92.3% of the women aged ≤30 years and ›30 years respectively had detectable anti-RV IgG. No significant association (p=0.94) was recorded between anti-RV IgG detection and age of the women. Previous exposure and susceptibility of significant fraction of the population to rubella infection were confirmed. Considerable political commitment and promotion of free rubella immunization specifically for women with childbearing potential were recommended.

scholarly journals Hubungan antara Pengetahuan Responden yang Pernah Menderita Hepatitis tentang Perilaku Penularan Hepatitis C dengan Antibodi Anti Hepatitis C (Titer Anti-HCV) di Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-294
Author(s):  
Noer Endah Pracoyo ◽  
Wibowo Wibowo ◽  
Raflizar Raflizar ◽  
Felly Philipus Senewe
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Virus Hepatitis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
Antibody Titers

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a viral disease that becomes the world’s second problem after hepatitis B virus disease. The prevalence of HCV 3% or about 130-170 million people in the world are infected with HCV. In most developed countries the prevalence is below 1%, but in Asian countries the prevalence is higher. The aim of this study was to find the relationship between hepatitis C immunity (anti-HCV titre) behavior from the Riskesdas 2007. Data was a cross-sectional study, by analyzing anti-HCV titre data and data on age, gender and behavioral variables (use of needles injections, use of razors, condom use and sexual behavior). The total number of respondents who were tested for antibodies was 20,648. The reseach was done in March – October 2014. The results of the study of behavioral variables (using a shared razor, using condoms during sex and changing partners) had no significant association with anti hepatitis C antibody titers, while the age variable and syringe use variables had a significant correlation with p = 0.001. The conclusion of this study was that there was no significant relationship between treatment (shared razor use, condom use and changing sex partners) between people who had hepatitis C and anti hepatitis C antibody titers. Abstrak Virus Hepatitis C (HCV) merupakan penyakit virus yang menjadi masalah kedua dunia setelah penyakit virus hepatitis B. Prevalensi HCV 3% atau sekitar 130-170 juta orang di dunia terinfeksi HCV. Di sebagian besar negara maju prevalensi di bawah 1%, tetapi di negara-negara Asia prevalensinya lebih tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mencari hubungan antara pengetahuan responden tentang perilaku penularan hepatitis C dengan kekebalan hepatitis C (titer anti-HCV) dari data Riskesdas 2007. Desain penelitian cross-sectional, dengan menganalisis data titer anti-HCV dan data variabel umur, jenis kelamin dan variabel pengetahuan tentang perilaku (penggunaan jarum suntik, penggunaan pisau cukur, pemakaian kondom, dan perilaku seksual). Total responden yang diperiksa antibodi sebanyak 20.648. Waktu penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret sampai Oktober 2014. Hasil penelitian variabel perilaku (penggunaan pisau cukur bersama, menggunakan kondom saat berhubungan seks dan berganti pasangan) tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna dengan titer antibodi anti hepatitis C, sedangkan variabel umur dan variabel penggunaan jarum suntik terdapat hubungan yang bermakna dengan nilai p=0,001. Kesimpulan penelitian ini tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara perilaku (penggunaan pisau cukur bersama sama, penggunaan kondom dan berganti ganti pasangan seks) antara orang-orang yang pernah menderita hepatitis C dengan titer antibodi anti hepatitis C.

scholarly journals Publics’ Malaria Knowledge, Prevention and Treatment Practices, A Cross-sectional Survey From Khartoum, Sudan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Sulaiman ◽  
Elkhanssa Abdelhameed Elhag
Keyword(s):  
Community Education ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Practices ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Prevention Methods

Abstract Background: Malaria is one of the major health problems in Sudan with high prevalence among children under five years age and pregnant women. Effective control of the disease needs contribution of the community, health authorities as well as political commitment. This research was conducted to assess the public’s knowledge, and practice regarding malaria prevention and treatment.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among publics in Khartoum State. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Publics were assessed for their knowledge about malaria symptoms and complications, knowledge and utilization of prevention methods and drugs knowledge and treatment behaviors.Results: About 457 of the public participated in the survey. Despite that the publics showed good knowledge regarding malaria symptoms, complications and drugs knowledge, self-treatment practices were there. Noncompliance to treatment in form of stopping treatment upon symptoms relieve and upon developing adverse drug reactions was also reported. Underuse of prevention methods was reported.Conclusions: Inappropriate treatment and prevention practices among the community could be an obstacle in the way of malaria elimination in Sudan. More efforts towards involvement of the community in malaria control through community education are needed.

Hubungan Antara Anemia dan Kebiasaan Merokok pada Ibu Hamil dengan Kejadian BBLR di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Tahun 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Intan Sari
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional

Low Birth Weight (LBW) is an infant born with a birth weight of less than 2500 grams regardless of gestation. Birth weight is the weight of the baby weighed in 1 hour after birth. (Depkes RI, 2009). Based on WHO and UNICEF data, in 2013 about 222 million babies were born in the world, of which 16% were born with low birth weight. The percentage of LBW in developing countries is 16.5% twice that of developed countries (7%) (Scholar Unand, 2014). The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between anemia and Smoking Habit in Pregnant Women with LBW occurrence in General Hospital Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Year 2016. This research use analytical survey method with cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all mothers who gave birth monthly in Midwifery Installation of Dr. General Hospital Mohammad Hoesin Palembang in 2016 as many as 315 respondents. The sample of this research is some of mothers who give birth enough month in Midwifery Installation of Dr. General Hospital Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Year 2016 as many as 315 respondents. ". From the results of bivariate analysis of anemic respondents with the occurrence of LBW obtained statistical test X2 count = 23.22 which means there is a significant relationship between anemia with the incidence of BBLR. Respondents smoking with the occurrence of LBWR obtained statistical test X2 count = 41.20 which means there is a relationship Meaningful between smoking and LBW incidence. From the results of this study is expected that this research can be a reference material and is a complete information and useful for the development of knowledge about LBW.

Perceptions of Final Year Medical Students about Family Medicine as A Career Choice in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dur-e- Nishat
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Family Medicine ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Family medicine is a field in which complete and detailed set of healthcare services are provided to the patients and their families. In developed countries, freshly graduated students choose family medicine as a priority for their career. However, in Pakistan it is not the case. The present study is undertaken to determine the perceptions of final year medical students’ about Family Medicine as a viable career. Methods: A total number of 504 students participated in the study. This was a cross-sectional study. The study participants were in their final year of medical college. Data was collected using a preapproved questionnaire. Data was entered and analyzed via SPSS version 17 and Chi-Square test was used post-stratification. Results: Only 14.3% (n=72) medical students had heard about Family Medicine. Only 18% (n=92) would select family medicine as a profession. The most frequent rationale for choosing the field of Family Medicine was the variety of patients seen in general practice (55.4% n=51). Conclusion: There is a dire need to focus on increasing awareness about the field of family medicine among medical students. The students should be counseled on the advantages along with the disadvantages of choosing this field as a medical profession.

The Worrying Trend of Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia: An Urgent Call to Action

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asirvatham A. Robert ◽  
Mohamed A. Al Dawish
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional

From last few years, the pervasiveness of diabetes mellitus (DM), in Saudi Arabia, is growing at a frightening rate. Overall, one-fourth of the adult population is affected by DM, which is further predicted to rise to more than double by the year 2030. The most alarming is possibly the escalation propensity of diabetes, in recent years, where a nearly ten-fold increase has been witnessed over the past thirty years in Saudi Arabia. However, the number of research arbitrations on the prevalence and incidence of DM is woefully inadequate, as compared to developed countries. Apart from this, most of the existing research data carried out in Saudi Arabia is cross-sectional, with small sample sizes, which most often involve only certain parts of the country. Consequently, the present scenario demands more multidimensional and multisectoral research to strengthen the evidence base and to accumulate greater knowledge as a basis for measures and programmes to confront diabetes and its complications. Thus, the present report makes an attempt to depict the current trend of diabetes as well as intends to put forward essential measures for controlling diabetes in Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals Perspectives of future pharmacists on the potential for development and implementation of pharmacist prescribing in Qatar

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-123
Author(s):  
Mohammad Issam Diab ◽  
Angham Ibrahim ◽  
Oraib Abdallah ◽  
Alla El-Awaisi ◽  
Monica Zolezzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pharmacist Prescribing ◽  
Barriers To Implementation ◽  
Special Training Program

AbstractBackground Pharmacists in many developed countries have been granted prescribing authorities under what is known as “non-medical prescribing” or “pharmacist prescribing”. However, such prescribing privileges are not available in many developing countries. Objective The objective of this study was to determine the perspectives of future pharmacists (recent pharmacy graduates and pharmacy students) on pharmacist prescribing and its potential implementation in Qatar. Methods A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was used: (1) a cross-sectional survey using a pre-tested questionnaire and; (2) focus group discussions to allow for an in-depth understanding of the issue, with a focus on pharmacists prescribing competencies as well as barriers for its implementation. Main outcome measures Future pharmacists’ perspectives and attitudes towards pharmacist prescribing in Qatar. Results The majority of the respondents (94.4%) indicated awareness of the prescribing competency related to selecting treatment options. Furthermore, the majority (92.4%) believed that pharmacists should undergo prescribing training and accreditation before been legally allowed to prescribe, a point that was reiterated in the focus group discussions. Participants generally expressed support for collaborative and supplementary prescribing models when developing prescribing frameworks for Qatar. Four categories emerged under the theme barriers to implementation of pharmacist prescribing: lack of prescribing competency, pharmacist mindset, lack of accessibility to patient records and counseling rooms, and diversity of education and training background. Conclusion The majority of recent pharmacy graduates and students were in favor of pharmacist prescribing been implemented in Qatar. However, a special training program was deemed necessary to qualify pharmacists to prescribe safely and effectively.

scholarly journals Use of Ceftaroline in Hospitalized Patients with and without COVID-19: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 763
Author(s):  
Daniele Roberto Giacobbe ◽  
Chiara Russo ◽  
Veronica Martini ◽  
Silvia Dettori ◽  
Federica Briano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Large Teaching Hospital ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Medical Wards

A single-center cross-sectional study was conducted to describe the use of ceftaroline in a large teaching hospital in Northern Italy, during a period also including the first months of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The primary objective was to describe the use of ceftaroline in terms of indications and characteristics of patients. A secondary objective was to describe the rate of favorable clinical response in patients with bloodstream infections (BSI) due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA-BSI) receiving ceftaroline. Overall, 200 patients were included in the study. Most of them had COVID-19 (83%, 165/200) and were hospitalized in medical wards (78%, 155/200). Included patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were given empirical ceftaroline in the suspicion of bacterial co-infection or superinfection. Among patients with MRSA-BSI, ceftaroline was used as a first-line therapy and salvage therapy in 25% (3/12) and 75% (9/12) of cases, respectively, and as a monotherapy or in combination with daptomycin in 58% (7/12) and 42% (5/12) of patients, respectively. A favorable response was registered in 67% (8/12) of patients. Improving etiological diagnosis of bacterial infections is essential to optimize the use of ceftaroline in COVID-19 patients. The use of ceftaroline for MRSA-BSI, either as a monotherapy or in combination with other anti-MRSA agents, showed promising rates of favorable response.

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