Complementary Application of Inoculant in Post-emergence on Soybean Crop

Objective: Inoculation is an important agricultural practice in soybean cultivation that guarantees high productivity without the external input of nitrogen. The objective of this study was to evaluate if the complementary of liquid inoculant (Bradyrhizobium japonicum), via leaf, in different times and different application rates, affects the nodulation, plant growth and soybean productivity. Study design: A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used, with four replications, in a 5x3 factorial scheme, evaluating the complementary inoculant application, via foliar (0; 75; 150; 225 e 300 mL ha-1), in three stages of vegetative development of the crop (V2, V4 e V6). Location and duration of the study: The study was performed in a commercial area, in the municipality of Sinop, in the northern of Mato Grosso State, between October 2017 and February 2018. Methodology: The cultivation was in soil classified as Red-yellow Latosol with of clayey texture, was in a direct seeding system, using the cultivar NS7901RR. The seeds used were treated and inoculated at sowing, with turfous inoculant and liquid. The experimental units received the complementary applications of inoculant, via pulverization, at 15, 21 and 28 days after emergence, according to the treatment. Results: It was verify that the different times of application of foliar inoculant, does not condition significant differences to the parameters measured in this study. The complementary inoculant application affected, significantly, the leaf chlorophyll index (P <0.05), as well as the dry matter mass of the plants (P <0.001). Up to 300 mL ha-1, a gradual increase in grain yield was verified. Conclusion: The complementary supply of liquid inoculant (B. japonicum), via foliar, in different rates application, affects the nodulation and development of the plants and the productive yield of the crop.

Download Full-text

PRODUCTIVITY, FRUIT PHYSICOCHEMICAL QUALITY AND DISTINCTIVENESS OF PASSION FRUIT POPULATIONS

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452016142 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

NATAN RAMOS CAVALCANTE ◽

WILLIAN KRAUSE ◽

JOICE FERNANDES DE CARVALHO ◽

MARIA KERHOLAYNE PEREIRA ROCHA ◽

EDNAMAR GABRIELA PALÚ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Passion Fruit ◽

State University ◽

Dissimilarity Matrix ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Matrix Groups ◽

Physicochemical Quality ◽

High Productivity ◽

Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT The productivity and physicochemical quality evaluation is important, as it identifies superior populations. However, launching products requires following the descriptors according to DHE test instructions. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate three passion fruit populations with high productivity and physicochemical quality characteristics for commercial launch. The experiment was conducted at the State University of Mato Grosso experimental area, located in the municipality of Tangará da Serra, MT. The experimental design was complete randomized block design with four replicates and ten plants per plot. The physicochemical characteristics were submitted to analysis of variance and compared by the Tukey test. For the distinctiveness test, 25 descriptors were evaluated, where quantitative data have been converted into multicategoric data to obtain the dissimilarity matrix. From the dissimilarity matrix, groups were formed using the Tocher and UPGMA methods, Livestock and Supply Department. The highest productivity and number of fruits were verified for BRS Rubi Cerrado cultivar and UNEMAT S10 population. Populations and cultivars presented physicochemical characteristics that meet the required quality for both fresh consumption and industry use. Based on the distinction test among genotype, it was observed that the descriptors were effective for population differentiation. UNEMAT S10 population has characteristics that distinguish it from other cultivars and populations evaluated, and presents high agronomic performance; therefore, it can be launched as a commercial cultivar.

Download Full-text

Genetic parameters in a clonal test of Tectona grandis in Mato Grosso, Brazil

Advances in Forestry Science ◽

10.34062/afs.v8i2.11234 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 1417-1424

Author(s):

Ana Carolina Pereira ◽

Sidney Fernando Caldeira ◽

Daniele Aparecida Alvarenga Arriel

Keyword(s):

Genetic Parameters ◽

Block Design ◽

Tectona Grandis ◽

Timber Species ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

High Productivity ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Clonal Test ◽

Moderate Magnitude

Teak (Tectona grandis) is a high-value timber species in tropical regions. In Brazil, although teak has a high productivity, there are few studies related to its genetic improvement. This work aimed to estimate genetic parameters and evaluate potential gains of selection in a clonal test of teak installed in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The experimente is in a randomized block design, with five replications, 3x3 m spacing, 22 treatments, and plots with six individuals. At five years, the genotypes were evaluated for survival (S), tree total height (H) and girth at breast height (GBH). There was significance and feasibility of selection for S and GBH. For H, the result was not significant, indicating few gains with the selection. The genetic parameters of clonal mean heritabilities and accuracy were of moderate magnitude for S and GBH and low for H. To best of our knowledge, this is the first work that estimates genetic parameters in a clonal teak test in the field in Brazil.

Download Full-text

GROWTH OF DIFFERENT FRUIT TREE SPECIES IN SILVOPASTORAL SYSTEMS DURING THE ESTABLISHMENT PHASE

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252017v30n425rc ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 1040-1049 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

CAROLINA DELLA GIUSTINA ◽

ROBERTA APARECIDA CARNEVALLI ◽

MARCELO RIBEIRO ROMANO ◽

DIEGO BARBOSA ALVES ANTONIO ◽

CAMILA ECKSTEIN

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Block Design ◽

Control Plant ◽

Fruit Trees ◽

Fruit Tree ◽

Silvopastoral Systems ◽

Area Index ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Plant Accumulation ◽

Establishment Phase

ABSTRACT The benefits of integrating agricultural components into silvopastoral systems are widely known, but the limited knowledge about ecological processes in the establishment phase impedes the use of this technology. The objective of this study was to evaluate interactions between fruit tree species and the sward layer under canopies of trees in the establishment phase of silvopastoral systems in Mato Grosso, Brazil. The experiment was implemented in October 2013, with an evaluation period from January to July 2015. The systems were composed of eight fruit trees intercropped with Tifton 85 grass. A completely randomized block design was adopted, with two replications per area per treatment. We evaluated the agronomic performance of the fruit trees, the categories of the light environment, and the plant accumulation under the canopies. The acerola fruit trees of the variety Roxinha had higher Leaf area index (LAI) and Light interception (LI) values, showing a denser canopy with small porosity and the lowest light quality available to the plants beneath the canopy (lower red/far-red ratio), thereby decreasing plant accumulation under trees. The guava fruit trees showed higher growth rates than the other fruit trees, but lower LAI and LI values and a higher red/far-red ratio, allowing higher plant growth under the canopy. Cajá trees showed a similar behavior; however, this species is deciduous, which limits its potential use in integrated systems. Banana and coconut trees were highly dependent on irrigation during the dry season. The remaining species showed an adequate growth and potential to control plant species growth under their canopies.

Download Full-text

Site-Specific Nutrient Management for Rainfed Maize in Western Mid-Hills of Nepal

International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12538 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 227-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Prakash Ghimire ◽

Khem Raj Dahal ◽

Santosh Marahatta ◽

Krishna Devkota ◽

Buddhi Raj Ghimire

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Management ◽

Block Design ◽

Maize Production ◽

Site Specific ◽

Fertilizer Recommendation ◽

Application Rates ◽

Development Committee ◽

Fertilization Practice ◽

Village Development Committee ◽

On Farm

On-farm experiment was conducted in eight farmers’ field, of Khasyoli village development committee (952 to 1415 masl), Nepal, from April to September, 2011 to address the major constraint (nutrient management) to maize production through site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) as this approach is popular among scientists. The experiment comprised three nutrient omission plots (0N, 0P, and 0K), an ample NPK plot, and a farmers’ fertilization practice (FFP) plot, arranged in randomized complete block design. Farmers planted open pollinated variety (Manakamana-3) and managed in their way. Field-specific NPK application rates were calculated by considering nutrient demand, indigenous NPK supply and recovery efficiency of fertilizers. Grain yield in FFP (2.32 Mg/ha) and 0N (1.79 Mg/ha) plots differed significantly from each other and rest of the treatments, but was statistically similar among 0P (3.18 Mg/ha), 0K (3.40 Mg/ha) and ample NPK (3.38 Mg/ha) plots. Post-harvest grain and stover analysis revealed that indigenous NPK supply (20-71 kg N, 19-68 kg P2O5 and 51-164 kg K2O/ha) of soil vary among the farmers’ field. Moreover, soil was poor in indigenous N supply (42 kg/ha), but rich in indigenous P2O5 (35 kg/ha) and K2O (90 kg/ha) supply, on an average. As per the principles of SSNM, the initial fertilizer recommendation made can vary from 40-222 kg N, 0- 93 kg P2O5, and 0-50 kg K2O/ha. On an average, farmers may apply no or lower dose of P2O5 (18 kg/ha) and K2O (3 kg/ha) but need to significantly increase dose of N (143 kg/ha) fertilizer for enhancing soil and maize productivity.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 227-231 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12538

Download Full-text

SPRAY APPLICATIONS TO TOMATO PLANTS IN GREENHOUSES. PART 2: EFFECT OF SPRAY LANCE TYPE

Journal of Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.4081/jae.2009.3.49 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 49 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Emanuele Cerruto ◽

Giuseppe Emma ◽

Giuseppe Manetto

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

The Body ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Internal Layer ◽

Protective Equipment ◽

Body Parts ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Application Rates ◽

Two Factors ◽

The Mean

The present paper reports the results of some spray application trials carried out in a greenhouse with full developed tomato plants to assess foliar deposition, ground losses, and dermal operator exposure when using handheld high pressure spray lances and when walking backwards during treatments. Two spray lance types (conventional with one nozzle and Yamaho C-6 with two steel nozzles, each with two orifices) and two working pressures (10 and 20 bar) were taken into consideration. An experimental design with two factors (spray lance and pressure) was adopted, arranged according to a randomised block design with three replicates. Volume application rates ranged from 775 up to 1252 L/ha, but all data were normalised to 1000 L/ha. The results showed no statistically significant differences in the mean foliar deposition between the two spray lances and the two working pressures. However, the higher pressure improved significantly the deposit into the internal layer of the canopy (+57%), whereas the Yamaho C-6 spray lance produced a higher deposit on the external layer at any pressure. The greatest differences between external and internal layer were mainly concentrated in the middle and high parts of the canopy, where there were 55 007_Cerruto(557)_49 18-11-2009 11:59 Pagina 55 the highest values of LAI and number of foliar layers. The fraction of the applied volume rate on the ground was on average 25 percent and it was affected only by the pressure value: it increased from 21.7 to 28.7 percent when the pressure increased from 10 to 20 bar, due mainly to the contribution of the conventional spray lance under the sprayed twin-rows. Finally, neither pressure nor spray lance type affected significantly the dermal operator exposure. Upper limbs accounted for 51 percent of the total exposure, while trunk and lower limbs accounted for 24 percent each. The body parts more exposed were the left arm and the hands, but also relatively high was the deposit on the respirator, so operators should ever wear appropriate personal protective equipment.

Download Full-text

Okra seedlings production in protected environment, testing substrates and producing fruits in field

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-05362013000100002 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 08-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Edilson Costa ◽

Taynara G de Souza ◽

Gleciane de L Benteo ◽

Katiane SS Benett ◽

Cleiton GS Benett

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Joint Analysis ◽

State University ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Hot Weather ◽

Favorable Conditions ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul

The okra grows well in hot weather, finding favorable conditions for development in Brazil. We evaluated the production of okra seedlings and productivity. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, in Aquidauana. In the seedling phase we tested substrates (100% triturated cassava stems, 75% triturated cassava stems and 25% vermiculite, 50% triturated cassava stems and 50% vermiculite, 25% triturated cassava stems and 75% vermiculite and 100% vermiculite). These substrates were placed in two protected environments (nursery with black screen, 50% of shading, and aluminized screen, 50% of shading). Each environment was considered an experiment conducted in completely randomized design with eight replications. After that we realized joint analysis. In the field, a total of 10 treatments generated from combinations of environments and substrates (2 environments x 5 substrates) were distributed in a randomized block design with four replications. The average proportions of cassava stems and vermiculite may be suitable for okra seedlings. The results of shoot and total dry phytomass indicate that the aluminized screen can be recommended for okra seedlings production when the substrate with a 1:1 ratio is used. Seedlings grown on higher percentages of vermiculite anticipate production, while seedlings produced only in cassava stems tend to slow it down. The aluminized screen tends to increase the yield of okra seedlings. Average proportions of vermiculite and cassava stems for seedling production under aluminized screen, provide more fruits and yield of okra in Aquidauana.

Download Full-text

Evaluasi Genotipe Tomat Hasil Iradiasi Sinar Gamma di Dataran Rendah

Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) ◽

10.24831/jai.v46i2.16538 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 189

Author(s):

Muhammad Roiyan Romadhon ◽

Surjono Hadi Sutjahjo ◽

Dan Siti Marwiyah

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Wilt ◽

High Weight ◽

Block Design ◽

High Productivity ◽

Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽

Fruit Cracking ◽

Yield Trial ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Lowland Area ◽

Low Altitude

ABSTRACT Bacterial wilt and fruit cracking are serious problems in tomatoes cultivation in the lowland area. This research aimed to evaluate the yield of M4 generation of tomatoes in the field and the incidence of bacterial wilt disease and fruit cracking in low altitude. The research was conducted at the IPB Experimental Field in Leuwikopo, Dramaga, Bogor, from December 2015 to April 2016. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with three replications. The material consisted of 15 M4 genotypes and two controls (Berlian and Kefaminano 6). The results showed that genotype of M4/495 Lombok 1-9-2 (U2) has high productivity. Genotype M4/990 Lombok 1-5-1 (U1) has high weight per fruit and resistant to fruit cracking. Genotype M4/495 GL2-8-10 (U2), M4/495 Kemir 1- 4-7 (U3), M4/495 STBGL 1-2-3 (U1) M4/990 Lombok 1-5-1 (U1), and M4/495 STBGL 1-2-9 (U1) have the lowest incidence of bacterial wilt (0.00%). Two genotypes which have high productivity and resistant to fruit cracking are M4/495 Lombok 1-9-2 (U2) and M4/990 Lombok 1-5-1 (U1), and to be evaluated in a preliminary yield trial. Keywords: bacterial wilt, fruit cracking, genotype, yield

Download Full-text

Kompetisi beberapa jenis gulma terhadap pertumbuhan awal beberapa varietas tanaman tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.)

Jurnal Proteksi Tanaman Tropis ◽

10.19184/jptt.v1i1.15585 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Dentin Queentiara Moelyaandani ◽

S Setiyono

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Saccharum Officinarum ◽

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Initial Growth ◽

High Productivity ◽

Sugarcane Varieties ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Best Response ◽

Number Of Leaves

Sugarcane (Sacharum officinarum L.) is a sugar-producing plant and is a food commodity that is needed by the people of Indonesia. National sugar demands are increasing every year. The low productivity of sugarcane is due to the competition of weeds which can reduce sugarcane production. To achieve high productivity, it is necessary to pay attention to the varieties used because they require certain conditions in their management. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of varieties and types of weeds on the initial growth of sugarcane. The study was conducted from September 2018 to December 2018. The study used factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors and four replications. The first factor consists of 4 sugarcane varieties, namely: Bululawang (V1), Red HW (V2), VMC (V3) and PS 862 (V4). The second factor type of weed consists of 2 types, namely Cyperus rotundus (N1) and Amaranthus spinosus L. (N2). The results showed that (1) There was interaction between the varieties (V) and the weed types (N) in stem diameter parameters and number of tillers, the treatment V4N1 gives the best response to stem diameter 1,31 cm and 4,25 number of tillers; (2) The treatment of varieties (V) gives affects to stem diameter and number of leaves, the treatment V4 gives the best response 5,38 to number of leaves; (3) Types of thorn spinach weeds can reduce the initial growth of sugarcane. Keywords: Varieties; weed; sugarcane

Download Full-text

DÉFICIT HÍDRICO NAS FASES VEGETATIVA E DE FLORAÇÃO DA PIMENTA ‘TABASCO’ EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2016v21n3p561-576 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 561

Author(s):

Lígia Borges Marinho ◽

José Antonio Frizzone ◽

João Batista Tolentino Junior ◽

Janaína Paulino ◽

José Monteiro Soares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Consumption ◽

Deficit Irrigation ◽

Block Design ◽

Capsicum Frutescens ◽

Flowering Stage ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Start Up ◽

E Mail

DÉFICIT HÍDRICO NAS FASES VEGETATIVA E DE FLORAÇÃO DA PIMENTA ‘TABASCO’ EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDOLÍGIA BORGES MARINHO 1; JOSÉ ANTONIO FRIZZONE2; JOÃO BATISTA TOLENTINO JUNIOR3; JANAÍNA PAULINO4; JOSÉ MONTEIRO SOARES5 E FRANCISCO NOGUEIRA VILAÇA6*Artigo extraído da tese do primeiro autor1 Enga. Agrônoma, Doutora, Profa. Departamento Tecnologia e Ciências Sociais, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, av. Edgard Chastinet, São Geraldo, CEP 48905-680, Juazeiro, BA. Fone (74) 3611-7363. E-mail: [email protected] Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Prof. Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas/Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” USP, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CEP 13.418-900, Piracicaba/SP, E-mail(s): [email protected];3 Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Prof. Campus Curitibanos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Curitibanos, SC. E-mail: [email protected] Enga. Agrícola, Doutora, Profa. Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso UFMT, campus Sinop, Avenida Alexandre Ferronato Nº 1.200. Bairro: Setor Industrial. CEP: 78.550-000, Sinop-MT, Email: [email protected] Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Pesquisador EMBRAPA/CPATSA, BR 428, Km 152, Zona Rural, Caixa Postal 23, CEP: 56310-000, Petrolina, PE, E-mail: [email protected] Eng. Agrônomo, Mestre. Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas/Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” USP, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CEP 13.418-900, Piracicaba/SP, E-mail: [email protected] RESUMOA escassez de recursos hídricos no Brasil tem impulsionado a demanda de manejo de irrigação mais eficiente nas propriedades agrícolas, visando reduzir o consumo de água e tornar o seu uso mais eficiente. O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito do déficit hídrico em diferentes fases do cultivo da pimenteira na eficiência de uso de água, na produtividade e na qualidade da pimenta ‘Tabasco’ cultivada em ambiente protegido, durante os meses de setembro de 2009 a julho de 2010, no município de Piracicaba-SP. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com lâminas de irrigação de 40, 60, 80 e 100% da evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc), inicializadas nas fases vegetativa e de floração. O déficit de irrigação influenciou a produtividade da pimenta e o mesmo não foi observado para a qualidade física da pimenta. A eficiência do uso da água da pimenta Tabasco não foi influenciada pelo déficit. Entretanto, o déficit hídrico inicializado na fase de floração permitiu economia de água de até 50,1% de água no ciclo de 208 dias após transplantio.Palavras-chave: Estresse hídrico, Capsicum frutescens, produtividade e qualidade do fruto.MARINHO, L. B.; FRIZZONE, J. A.; TOLENTINO JÚNIOR, J. B.; PAULINO, J.; SOARES, J. M.; VILAÇA, F. N.WATER DEFICIT APPLIED IN VEGETATIVE AND FLOWERING STAGE OF ‘TABASCO’ PEPPER IN GREENHOUSE2 ABSTRACTThe scarcity of water resources in Brazil has driven the management of demand for more efficient irrigation in farms in order to reduce water consumption and make its use more efficient. The objective of this study was to evaluate the water deficits’ effect at the vegetative and flowering stages of pepper in water use efficiency, yield and quality of pepper cv. 'Tabasco'(Capsicum frutescens) grown in a greenhouse from September 2009 to July 2010. The experiment was conducted as randomized block design with irrigation levels of 40, 60, 80 and 100% of Crop Evapotranspiration (ETc), beginning at vegetative and flowering stages. There was a significant effect of full and deficits irrigation started at vegetative and flowering stages on the fruit number per plant, and the linear model was the best fitted. The average of mass fruit per plant did not vary with the deficit, not even with the start up times. The deficit irrigation affected pepper productivity, yet it was not observed on the physical quality of fruits. The deficit irrigation (40% ETc) beginning at flowering stage allowed savings of up to 49.8% in water consumption in a cycle of 208 days after transplanting.Keywords: water stress, Capsicum frutescens, productivity and fruit quality.

Download Full-text

Efecto de medicamentos homeopáticos en plantas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

REVISTA TERRA LATINOAMERICANA ◽

10.28940/terra.v38i1.718 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 103

Author(s):

Fernando Abasolo Pacheco ◽

Boris Bonilla Montalván ◽

Cesar Bermeo Toledo ◽

Yarelys Ferrer Sánchez ◽

Andy Jafet Ramirez Castillo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Biomass ◽

Block Design ◽

Development Stage ◽

Stem Length ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Leaf Biomass ◽

Control Group ◽

Vegetative Development ◽

Initial Development ◽

Development Stages

Agrochemical use in horticultural cultivations generates negative effects, thus the need for searching to decrease or eliminate its use by means of other less toxic techniques. Agricultural homeopathy represents an alternative for ecological agriculture, impacting positively in cultivation development. The effect of four homeopathic medicines for human use were assessed in two centesimal dynamizations (7CH and 13CH) [(Silicea Terra (SiT), Natrum muriaticum (NaM), Zincum phosphoricum (ZiP) and Phosphoricum acidum (PhA)], and a control treatment (distilled water) on tomato plant germination, emergence, and initial development. The treatments were established under a randomized complete block design with three repiclates. Germination and emergence rate and percentage and morphometric variables (plant height, radicle length, dry and wet weight) were assessed, including the variables in stem diameter and wet and dry leaf weight, number of branches, leaves, and buds in the vegetative development stage. Signif icant differences were observed in all the morphometric variables assessed in function of the different development stages, homeopathic medicines, and their different dynamizations. During germination, greater growth in stem length was observed with ZiP-7CH (5.5 ± 0.98 cm) compared to the control group (4.3 ± 1.10 cm). During the emergence stage, the treatments SiT-7CH (6.6 ± 1.11 cm) and ZiP-7CH (5.9 ± 1.41 cm) increased stem length signif icantly whereas with PhA-7CH, the best effects were obtained in the variables assessed during the vegetative development stage, LT (94 ± 8.31 cm), leaf number (No hojas) (131 ± 27.71), fresh stem biomass (BFT) (17.20 ± 2.45 g), wet leaf biomass (BFH) (30 ± 7.72 g), dry leaf biomass (BSH) (2 ± 0.61 g), fresh root biomass (BFR) (10 ± 6.26 g), dry root biomass (BSR) (1 ± 0.43 g), and number of flower buds (No H) (6 ± 7.10). The homeopathic medicines applied impacted positively during the initial and vegetative development stages of tomato under controlled conditions. This research study represents and advance in the sustainable management of tomato cultivation.

Download Full-text