scholarly journals Evaluation of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Leaf Powder for Assessing Gustatory Function and Comparison with Other Tastants

2021 ◽  
pp. 192-199
Author(s):  
Varsha Varghese ◽  
M. Sudha ◽  
Ashok Menon ◽  
D. Rajkumar ◽  
Navya Jith Jacob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Recognition Threshold ◽  
Umami Taste ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Taste Assessment ◽  
Almost All

Aims: Azadirachta indica (meliacea), popularly known as neem has extreme bitter taste however it has high medicinal properties. The study aimed to use the bitterness property of neem leaf powder to assess the bitter taste along with other tastants and to check reliability of this newly introduced method. Materials and methods: 60 healthy subjects were recruited in the present study. Bitter, sweet, salt, sour and umami taste solutions are prepared in three different concentrations. Gustatory recognition threshold was recorded against each concentration of five tastants solutions. Results: A significant difference in the first concentration (.003) of neem between all age groups (p=0.026) but no significant difference in the second and third concentrations were observed. Males have higher gustatory recognition threshold in almost all levels of taste parameters. However, medium and higher concentrations of neem have no significant gender wise difference. An acceptable level of reliability was found in the test retest method conducted in a two week interval. Conclusion: The neem leaf powder solution can be used for bitter taste assessment, is reliable, and can be safely used in the clinical setting.

ENDOCRINE CHANGES BEFORE AND AFTER THE MENARCHE

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.-A. Lamberg ◽  
R.-L. Kantero ◽  
P. Saarinen ◽  
O. Widholm
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Normal Adults ◽  
Serum Tsh

ABSTRACT In an endocrine survey of healthy girls aged 8 to 20 years before and after the menarche the serum TSH was measured by radioimmunoassay along with some parameters of thyroid function which are described separately. The subjects were grouped according to the skeletal age (SA) until the menarche and after this in the post-menarcheal age (PMA) expressed in years. The TSH value was highest in the youngest age group and from then on decreased. However, within 0.5 years after the menarche another significantly elevated TSH peak occurred. There was no significant difference between the means for TSH before (5.4 μU/ml) and after the menarche (5.7 μU/ml). Both values, however, as well as the means for almost all the individual age groups, were significantly higher than the mean for 13 boys aged 12 to 16 years (3.9 μU/ml) and that for normal adults (3.6 μU/ml). When the girls were grouped according to the stage of puberty, the TSH peak at the time of menarche disappeared. When they were grouped according to SA, a gradual declining trend was seen from age 8 to 16 years. It is concluded that the maturation process in girls in some way involves a significant elevation of serum TSH and an increase in the total and free T4 level which is not dependent on binding proteins.

scholarly journals INSECTICIDAL EFFECTS OF STEM BARK POWDER OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA AND LEAF POWDER OF EUCALYPTUS CAMALDULENSIS ON WEEVILS OF STORED MAIZE GRAINS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 180-190
Author(s):  
Aliyu A. U ◽  
I. H Muhammad ◽  
M. S. Babura
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Four Levels

The insecticidal effects of stem bark powder of Azadirachta indica and leaf powder of Eucalyptus camaldulensis on weevils of stored maize grains was carried out. Four levels: 5.0g, 10.0g, 15.0g and 20.0g of each of the vegetative parts (as treatments) and 0.0g as control were replicated four (4) times, making 36 plots (bottles). These were represented as 36 bottles (kilner jars) each containing 100g of maize, arranged in two separate sets of 16 bottles for each of the vegetative parts. The remaining 4 served as the control, at 0.0g levels. Stem bark powder of Azadirachta indica 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0g were introduced into the first set. While the leaf powder of Eucalyptus at 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0g were introduced into the second set, followed by vigorous shaking. 30 young adult maize weevils were carefully introduced into each of the bottles and covered with a perforated lid lined with muslin mesh (1.0mm). The bottles and its contents were arranged in a Completely Randomize Design (CRD) for 336 hours (14 days) and 432 hours (18 days) for Eucalyptus and Neem respectively. 10 healthy grains per replicate were sown into polythene pots containing uniform potting mixture of top soil, river sand and cow dung in a ratio of 1:1:1 at the end of the trail. Parameters assessed include mortality, % mortality weight loss, perforation and perforation index (for the insecticidal experiment) and % germination, for the post trail experiments. Result obtained showed a progressive increase in mortality and % mortality, with analysis of variance (ANOVA) not significantly different (P>0.05) at 48 hours after treatment (HAT), but significant (P<0.05) between 96 and 432 HAT. Weight loss, perforation and perforation index were inversely related to the concentrations of the two powder sources, in which cases, the ANOVA of these parameters showed significant different (P<0.05). The % germination obtained did not show much variation despite the significant difference indicated by the ANOVA, thus revealing the preservation potentials of the plant powders.

Vowel Recognition Threshold as a Function of Temporal Segmentations

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Powell ◽  
Oscar Tosi
Keyword(s):  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Recognition Threshold ◽  
Vowel Sound ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vowel Recognition ◽  
Temporal Segment

Vowels were segmented into 15 different temporal segments taken from the middle of the vowel and ranging from 4 to 60 msecs, then presented to 6 subjects with normal hearing. The mean temporal-segment recognition threshold of 15 msecs with a range from 9.3 msecs for the /u/ to 27.2 milliseconds for the /a/. Misidenti-fication of vowels was most often confused with the vowel sound adjacent to it on the vowel-hump diagram. There was no significant difference between the cardinal and noncardinal vowels.

Planning to reach for a rotating rod

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claes von Hofsten ◽  
Katarina Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Reach To Grasp ◽  
Almost All

Abstract. Hand adjustments of 6- and 10-month-old infants and adults were studied as they reach to grasp a rotating rod. It was found that the subjects in all three age groups adjusted the hand prospectively to the rotating rod during the approach of it. They also adjusted the reaches to the rotating rod in such a way that almost all of the grasps were overhand ones as predicted by the endpoint comfort hypothesis. Finally, it was found that the rotation of the hand was made up of movement units as translational movements are, and that the approach units were relatively independent of the rotational ones.

Liver Elastography in Healthy Children Using Three Different Systems – How Many Measurements Are Necessary?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Batman Mjelle ◽  
Anesa Mulabecirovic ◽  
Roald Flesland Havre ◽  
Edda Jonina Olafsdottir ◽  
Odd Helge Gilja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Transient Elastography ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Liver Stiffness ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pediatric Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Elastography

Abstract Purpose Liver elastography is increasingly being applied in screening for and follow-up of pediatric liver disease, and has been shown to correlate well with fibrosis staging through liver biopsy. Because time is of the essence when examining children, we wanted to evaluate if a reliable result can be achieved with fewer acquisitions. Materials and Methods 243 healthy children aged 4–17 years were examined after three hours of fasting. Participants were divided into four age groups: 4–7 years; 8–11 years; 12–14 years and 15–17 years. Both two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE; GE Logiq E9) and point shear wave elastography (pSWE; Samsung RS80A with Prestige) were performed in all participants, while transient elastography (TE, Fibroscan) was performed in a subset of 87 children aged 8–17 years. Median liver stiffness measurement (LSM) values of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 acquisitions were compared with the median value of 10 acquisitions (reference standard). Comparison was performed for all participants together as well as within every specific age group. We investigated both the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with absolute agreement and all outliers more than 10 %, 20 % or ≥ 0.5 or 1.0 kPa from the median of 10 acquisitions. Results For all three systems there was no significant difference between three and ten acquisitions, with ICCs ≥ 0.97. All systems needed 4 acquisitions to achieve no LSM deviating ≥ 1.0 kPa of a median of ten. To achieve no LSM deviating ≥ 20 % of a median of ten acquisitions, pSWE and TE needed 4 acquisitions, while 2D-SWE required 6 acquisitions. Conclusion Our results contradict recommendations of 10 acquisitions for pSWE and TE and only 3 for 2D-SWE.

The influence of osteopathic correction on the rate of various rhythms of the body

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Chernikova ◽  
Yu. P. Potekhina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction. An osteopathic examination determines the rate, the amplitude and the strength of the main rhythms (cardiac, respiratory and cranial). However, there are relatively few studies in the available literature dedicated to the influence of osteopathic correction (OC) on the characteristics of these rhythms.Goal of research — to study the influence of OC on the rate characteristics of various rhythms of the human body.Materials and methods. 88 adult osteopathic patients aged from 18 to 81 years were examined, among them 30 men and 58 women. All patients received general osteopathic examination. The rate of the cranial rhythm (RCR), respiratory rate (RR) heart rate (HR), the mobility of the nervous processes (MNP) and the connective tissue mobility (CTM) were assessed before and after the OC session.Results. Since age varied greatly in the examined group, a correlation analysis of age-related changes of the assessed rhythms was carried out. Only the CTM correlated with age (r=–0,28; p<0,05) in a statistically significant way. The rank dispersion analysis of Kruskal–Wallis also showed statistically significant difference in this indicator in different age groups (p=0,043). With the increase of years, the CTM decreases gradually. After the OC, the CTM, increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001). The RCR varied from 5 to 12 cycles/min in the examined group, which corresponded to the norm. After the OC, the RCR has increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001), the MNP has also increased (p<0,0001). The initial heart rate in the subjects varied from 56 to 94 beats/min, and in 15 % it exceeded the norm. After the OC the heart rate corresponded to the norm in all patients. The heart rate and the respiratory rate significantly decreased after the OC (р<0,0001).Conclusion. The described biorhythm changes after the OC session may be indicative of the improvement of the nervous regulation, of the normalization of the autonomic balance, of the improvement of the biomechanical properties of body tissues and of the increase of their mobility. The assessed parameters can be measured quickly without any additional equipment and can be used in order to study the results of the OC.

The Influence of Age and Gender on Mandibular Indices among the Libyan Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Libyan Population

Radiographic Mandibular Indices serve as easy and relatively cheap tools for evaluating bone mineralization. Objectives: To examine the effect of age and gender on three mandibular indices: the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), the mandibular ratio (MR) and the mandibular cortical index (MCI), among Libyan population. Methods: The three indices were measured on 317 digital (OPGs) of adult humans (155 males, 162 females). The sample was divided into six age groups (from 18-25 years through 56-65 years). The measurements were analyzed for interactions with age and sex, using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) software version no. 22. The tests employed were two way ANOVA, the unpaired T-test and chi-square test. Results: The mean PMI fluctuated between 0.37 s.d. 0.012 and 0.38 s.d. 0.012. among the sixth age groups. One-way ANOVA statistical test revealed no significant of age on PMI. On the other hand gender variation has effect on PMI, since independent sample t-test disclosed that the difference between the male and female PMI means statistically significant. ANOVA test showed that the means of MR among age groups showed a negative correlation i.e. MR mean declined from 3.01 in 18-25 age groups to 2.7 in 55-65 age groups. In contrary, the gender showed no effect on MR according two sample t-test at p> 0.05. In regards with MCI, statistical analysis showed that it affected by age that is C1 was decreasing by age while C2 and C3 were increased by age. Using chi square test the result indicated that there is a significant difference among the different age group and the two genders in MCI readings. Conclusion: PMI was influenced significantly by age but minimally by the gender. MR is not affected by gender but has a negative correlation with age. MCI is affected by both age and gender

Properties of Gliricidia Wood (Gliricidia sepium) lntercropped with Cocoa (Theobroma cocoa) in Malaysia

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Mohd Helmy Ibrahim ◽  
Mohd Nazip Suratman ◽  
Razali Abd Kader
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Lumen Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference

Trees planted from agroforestry practices can become valuable resources in meeting the wood requirements of many nations. Gliricidia sepium is an exotic species introduced to the agricultural sector in Malaysia mainly for providing shade for cocoa and coffee plantations. This study investigates its wood physical properties (specific gravity and moisture content) and fibre morphology (length, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness) of G. sepium at three intervals according to age groups ( three, five and seven years of ages). Specific gravity (0.72) was significantly higher at seven years ofage as compared to five (0.41) and three (0.35) years age group with a mean of 0.43 (p<0.05). Mean moisture content was 58.3% with no significant difference existing between the tree age groups. Fibre diameter (22.4 mm) was significantly lower (p<0.05) for the trees which were three years of age when compared to five and seven years age groups (26.6 mm and 24. 7 mm), respectively. Means of fibre length, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness were 0.83 mm, 18.3 mm, and 6.2 mm, respectively, with no significant differences detected between trees in all age groups. Further calculation on the coefficient of suppleness and runkel ratio suggest that wood from G.sepium may have the potential for insulation board manufacturing and paper making. However, future studies should experiment the utilisation of this species for these products to determine its full potential.

HIP FRACTURES IN 5 YEARS AT HUE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL

2014 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Duy Binh Ho ◽  
Nghi Thanh Nhan Le ◽  
Maasalu Katre ◽  
Koks Sulev ◽  
Märtson Aare
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Hip Fractures ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Femoral Fractures ◽  
Femoral Neck Fractures ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Intertrochanteric Fractures ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim: This study aimed to review the clinical findings and surgical intervention of the hip fracture at the Hue University Hospital in Vietnam. Methods:The data of proximal femoral fractures was collected retrospectively. All patients, in a period of 5 years, from Jan 2008 to December 2012, suffered either from intertrochanteric or femoral neck fractures. The numbers of patients were gathered separately for each year, by age groups (under 40, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, older) and by sex. We analyzed what kind of treatment options were used for the hip fracture. Results:Of 224 patients (93 men and 131 women) studied, 71% patients are over 70 years old, 103 women and 56 men (p<0.05). For patients under 40 years, there were 1 woman and 11 men (p<0.05). There were 88 intertrochanteric and 136 femoral neck fractures. There was no significant difference in the two fractures between men and women. The numbers of hip fracture increased by each year, 29/224 cases in 2010, 63/224 cases in 2011, 76/224 cases in 2012. Treatment of 88 intertrochanteric fractures: 49 cases (55.7%) of dynamic hip screw (DHS), 14 cases of hemiarthroplasty (15.9%), 2 cases of total hip replacement (2.3%). Treatment of 136 femoral neck fractures: 48 cases of total replacement (35.3%), 43 cases of hemiarthroplasty (31.6%), 15 cases of screwing (11%). In cases of 40 patients (17.9%) hip fracture was managed conservatively, 23 were femoral neck fractures and 17 were intertrochanteric fractures. Conclusions: Hip fracture is growing challenge in Hue medical university hospital. The conservative approach is still high in people who could not be operable due to severe medical conditions as well as for patients with economic difficulties. Over 70% of the hip fractures in people 70+ are caused by osteoporosis. The number of hip fracture is increasing in the following years, most likely due to the increase in the prevalence of osteoporosis. Early detection and prevention of osteoporosis should be addressed, particularly in high risk population. More aggressive surgical approach should be implemented in order to improve the quality of life in patients with hip fractures. Key words:Hip fracture.

Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in hospitalized patients at a tertiary referral center in North India (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Animesh Ray ◽  
Dr. Komal Singh ◽  
Souvick Chattopadhyay ◽  
Farha Mehdi ◽  
Dr. Gaurav Batra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
North India ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

BACKGROUND Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is an important tool to estimate the true extent of infection in a population. However, seroprevalence studies have been scarce in South East Asia including India, which, as of now, carries the third largest burden of confirmed cases in the world. The present study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody among hospitalized patients at one of the largest government hospital in India OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study is to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody among patients admitted to the Medicine ward and ICU METHODS This cross-sectional study, conducted at a tertiary care hospital in North India, recruited consecutive patients who were negative for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR or CB-NAAT. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels targeting recombinant spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein of SARS CoV-2 were estimated in serum sample by the ELISA method RESULTS A total of 212 hospitalized patients were recruited in the study with mean age (±SD) of 41.2 (±15.4) years and 55% male population. Positive serology against SARS CoV-2 was detected in 19.8%patients(95% CI 14.7-25.8). Residency in Delhi conferred a higher frequency of seropositivity 26.5% (95% CI 19.3-34.7) as compared to that of other states 8% (95% CI 3.0-16.4) with p-value 0.001. No particular age groups or socio-economic strata showed a higher proportion of seropositivity CONCLUSIONS Around, one-fifth of hospitalized patients, who were not diagnosed with COVID-19 before, demonstrated seropositivity against SARS-CoV-2. While there was no significant difference in the different age groups and socio-economic classes; residence in Delhi was associated with increased risk (relative risk of 3.62, 95% CI 1.59-8.21)

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