Inventory: The pesticides application and its risk assessment in the irrigated perimeter of Tadla-Morocco

Abstract The industrialization of the agricultural sector increases the use of pesticides, which are composed of chemical substances, such as herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, and rodenticides, that are adapted to the control of undesirable plants and animals. All these phytosanitary products have varying degrees of toxicity, which risks human life. This study aimed to make an inventory of the pesticides used in the irrigated perimeter of Beni Moussa and Beni Aamir in the Beni Mellal-Khenifra region. The data collection through questionnaires took place between January and February 2016 and covered all the study areas. The questionnaires are focused on the mode of packaging management, sale and purchase of pesticides. The results demonstrated the existence of different pesticides and active substances used for crop protection in the region. Among 63 molecules, 14 active substances were detected, where the active substances are not approved by the world health organization, which considers it as carcinogenic substances. During phytosanitary treatments by farmers, these active substances come into direct contact with the soil, presenting a permanent risk to the environmental compartments, including groundwaters.

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An Awakening Alarm for Dental Professionals in Pandemic of Covid-19

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.14260/jemds/2021/235 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (15) ◽

pp. 1098-1101

Author(s):

Aditi Vinay Chandak ◽

Surekha Dubey Godbole ◽

Tanvi Rajesh Balwani ◽

Tanuj Sunil Patil

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

New York ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Human Life ◽

New York Times ◽

World Health ◽

Typical Structure ◽

Living Organisms ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Health Organization

Ecosystem, which consists of the physical environment and all the living organisms, on which we all depend, is declining rapidly because of its destruction caused by humans. It’s a two-way relationship between the humans and mother nature. If we destroy the natural environment around us, human life will be seriously affected, and the life of next generation will be endangered unless serious steps are taken. One such effect of human overexploitations has come in the form of coronavirus outbreak. Coronavirus, a contagious disease of 2019 known as Covid-19, is the latest swiftly spreading global infection. The aetiology of Covid-19 is different from SARS-CoV which has the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but it has the same host receptor, human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The novel coronavirus which is zoonotic (spreading from an animal to a human) and mainly found in the bats and pangolins is a single stranded ribonucleic acid virus of Coronaviridae family. 1 The typical structure of 2019-nCoV possessed ‘spike protein’ in the membrane envelope, also expressed various polyproteins, nucleoproteins and membrane protein. The S protein binds to the receptor cell of host to facilitate the entry of virus in the host. Currently four genera for coronavirus are found α-CoV, ßCoV, γ-CoV, δ-CoV. SARS-CoV first originated in Wuhan, China and has spread across the globe. World Health Organization (WHO) and public health emergency of international concern declared it as 2019 - 2020 pandemic disease.2 According to WHO report, (7th April 2020) update on this pandemic coronavirus disease, there have been more than 13,65,004 confirmed cases and 76,507 deaths across the world and these figures are rapidly increasing. Therefore, actions for proper recognition, management and its prevention must be prompted for relevant alleviation of its outspread.3 Health care professionals are mainly indulged in the national crises and are working diligently around-the-clock, small ratio of the health care workers have become affected and few died tragically. Dentists are most often the first ones to be affected because they work with patients in close proximity. On 15th March 2020, the New York Times published an article titled “The workers who face the greatest Coronavirus risk” described the dentists are highly exposed, than the paramedical staffs and general physicians, to the risk of novel coronavirus disease 19.4

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ДІАЛЕКТИКА ФОРМИ ТА ЗМІСТУ ЗДОРОВ’ЯЗБЕРЕЖУВАЛЬНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ СОЦІАЛЬНИХ СУБ’ЄКТІВ В УМОВАХ СУСПІЛЬСТВА СПОЖИВАННЯ

Humanities journal ◽

10.32620/gch.2019.4.08 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 72-79

Author(s):

Добридень Оксана

Keyword(s):

Human Life ◽

Personal Responsibility ◽

World Health ◽

Consumer Society ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Number Of Factors ◽

State Of Affairs ◽

Health Organization ◽

The Individual ◽

Holistic Vision

According to the World Health Organization, the major health threats to the planet’s population are air pollution, non-infection diseases, vaccine refusal, antibiotic resistance, etc. Taking into account the whole complexity of the systemic links in the range of these issues, the discussion intensity on health will continue. That’s why, there’s no wonder the safety of human life as a whole and the philosophical reflection on the phenomenon of health are the subject of critical analysis of many modern researchers.The extent, to which a social subject’s health-preserving activity is effective, depends on a number of factors. The end result of health preserving activity is determined not only by the mental and volitional qualities of the person who puts it into practice. It is also a matter of the dialectical interaction of form and content of a personality’s health preserving culture, without which it is impossible to imagine a holistic vision of this problem under the current conditions.Health preserving activity of a social subject under the contemporary consumerism acquires specific features, the form and content of which are predetermined by traditional social practices that are inherent in a society of over-consumption.It is of utmost importance for every educated person to understand the real state of affairs in the interconnections between the elements of such complex mechanisms as a consumer society and health preservation. It means that the power of negative effects on the individual is being significantly increased, because it is not about demonstrating expenses on unnecessary clothes and accessories, which will harm only the consumer’s wallet, but about expending on health-preservation drugs, products and procedures. That is, the vitality of the human biological organism and the duration of their life are crucial.Personal responsibility to care about your own health will always go hand in hand with critical reflection on the information. Both personal responsibility and critical thinking are based on education. The more educated a person is, the greater his or her vitality and readiness to meet the challenges of today are.Thus, as a result of the lack or the absence of competent information on contents, false origin and consequences of the consumption of preparations, foods, goods and procedures, the content of the health-preserving activity is being distorted, and the form, while preserving external segments, becomes illusory in its essence.

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Is Autonomy a Universal Value of Human Existence? Scope of Autonomy in Medical Practice: A Comparative Study between Western Medical Ethics and Islamic Medical Ethics

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia ◽

10.31436/imjm.v15i1.412 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rathor MY ◽

Azarisman Shah MS ◽

Hasmoni MH

Keyword(s):

Medical Ethics ◽

Human Life ◽

Human Existence ◽

World Health ◽

Medical Professionals ◽

World Health Report ◽

Health Report ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization ◽

Contemporary Medicine

The practice of contemporary medicine has been tremendously influenced by western ideas and it is assumed by many that autonomy is a universal value of human existence. In the World Health Report 2000, the World Health Organization (WHO) considered autonomy a “universal” value of human life against which every health system in the world should be judged. Further in Western bioethics, patient autonomy and self -determination prevails in all sectors of social and personal life, a concept unacceptable to some cultures. In principle, there are challenges to the universal validity of autonomy, individualism and secularism, as most non-Western cultures are proud of their communal relations and spiritualistic ethos and, thereby imposing Western beliefs and practices as aforementioned can have deleterious consequences. Religion lies at the heart of most cultures which influences the practice patterns of medical professionals in both visible and unconscious ways. However, religion is mostly viewed by scientists as mystical and without scientific proof. Herein lies the dilemma, whether medical professionals should respect the cultural and religious beliefs of their patients? In this paper we aim to discuss some of the limitations of patient's autonomy by comparing the process of reasoning in western medical ethics and Islamic medical ethics, in order to examine the possibility and desirability of arriving at a single, unitary and universally acceptable notion of medical ethics. We propose a more flexible viewpoint that accommodates different cultural and religious values in interpreting autonomy and applying it in an increasingly multilingual and multicultural, contemporaneous society in order to provide the highest level of care possible.

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Democracy Backsliding as a Danger of Sustainable Development in the Post-Pandemic Period: Social and Legal aspects of Decision

SHS Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/shsconf/202112606007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 126 ◽

pp. 06007

Author(s):

Oleg Tkach ◽

Оleh Batrymenko ◽

Dmytro Nelipa ◽

Mykola Khylko

Keyword(s):

Human Life ◽

Legal Aspects ◽

World Health ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

The World ◽

The Government ◽

Democratic Principles ◽

Health Organization ◽

The Individual ◽

The Right

The article considers topical issues of the threat of collapse of democracy. Examples of the democracy collapse have shown the lack of free and fair elections in the world, which threatens the independence of the judiciary, restrictions on the right to freedom of speech, which limits the ability of the political opposition to challenge the government, to prosecute, to offer alternatives to the regime. The collapse of democracy in connection with the spread of COVID-19 is being considered, as the democratic spectrum has repeatedly resorted to excessive control, discriminatory restrictions on freedoms such as movement and assembly, and arbitrary or coercive coercion. Attention is drawn to the fact that the outbreak of coronavirus COVID-19 has led to the introduction in all countries of restrictions on the rights and freedoms of the individual in order to prevent the spread of this infectious disease, declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Thus, the unusual nature of the COVID - 19 coronavirus pandemic poses numerous dilemmas to the public, governments, parliaments, the judiciary, law enforcement and many other actors when it comes to the need for effective protection of health and, ultimately, human life, as well as adherence to and ensuring the fundamental democratic principles of man and society.

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Horti Bank: the Concept of Agricultural Financing Through Farmer Group Synergy to Increase the Welfare of Horticultural Farmers Affected by Covid-19 in East Java

East Java Economic Journal ◽

10.53572/ejavec.v4i1.34 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Ahmad Burhanudin ◽

Adinda Permatasari ◽

Safira Ummah

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Exchange Rate ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Virus Disease ◽

World Health ◽

Economic Downturn ◽

Credit System ◽

Literature Study ◽

Horticultural Crops ◽

Health Organization

The COVID-19 pandemic (Corona Virus Disease 2019) is considered a global pandemic by WHO (World Health Organization) and its spread has reached Indonesia. The COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on national economic growth which causes a decline and also causes an economic downturn. This Pandemic also caused an economic downturn experienced by the Province of East Java which had a relatively large number of cases. The agricultural sector is present as a resilient sector that can survive the COVID-19 pandemic which can contribute to supporting the economic growth rate of East Java. The agricultural sector consists of several sub-sectors, one of which is the horticultural crop sub-sector which has high potential. There are many obstacles experienced by horticultural farmers in their farming. The purpose of this study is to determine the problems experienced by horticultural farmers in East Java Province and to form an institutional model as a solution to the problem to improve the welfare of horticultural farmers in East Java Province through increasing NTP (Farmer Exchange Rate). Analytical descriptive method, case study method and literature study were used in this research. The results showed that (1) the problems experienced by farmers were (a) horticultural farmers generally have a relatively small capacity to provide capital; (b) Sales of horticultural crops are only made to middlemen; (c) Low accessibility to local financing institutions; (d) Agricultural financing credit system that is too burdensome for farmers; (e) There is a gap between farmers and financial institutions; (f) Credit by formal institutions is prioritized in the non-agricultural sector; (2) The existence of the "Horti Bank" institution which is implemented will help in overcoming the problems of horticultural farmers in East Java Province by providing facilities in the form of capital loans with the concept of investment, managing finances, and providing access to insurance for horticultural farmers in East Java Province; (3) The simulation results show that the existence of a Horti Bank can increase the exchange rate of farmers so that it is expected to reduce poverty in East Java.

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STATE AND FEATURES OF FRUIT GROWING DEVELOPMENT IN VINNYTSIA REGION

"EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity" ◽

10.37128/2411-4413-2019-9-3 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 25-31

Author(s):

Oksana SAMBORSKA

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Sector ◽

Well Being ◽

World Health ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Medical Standards ◽

Vegetable Products ◽

Horticultural Products ◽

Health Organization ◽

The Cost

The article investigates the current state and peculiarities of horticulture development in Vinnytsia region, which are preceded by special natural-climatic and economic conditions. The factors of external and internal environment on the prospects of horticulture development in the region are considered. The analysis of the enterprises of Vinnytsia region, which form the basis of growing and processing of fruit and vegetable products. The investigated enterprises of Vinnytsia region have developed a marketing strategy for entering new international markets of products, improved advertising and product quality, sorting and transportation conditions. The cost of production collected using manual labor is several times higher than the cost of collected and sorted products at the enterprises with mechanized machinery. In order to fully evaluate the volume of horticultural products in the region, the yield and gross harvest for individual years were investigated. The increase in the volume of fruit and berry production contributes to the development of processing enterprises in Vinnytsia region and to entering new markets with finished products in fresh or frozen form. Typical vegetable products exported to European Union countries are presented. For an example of consumption of basic products per person according to the medical standards defined by the World Health Organization are given. There is a gradual decrease in consumption of vegetables, fruits and berries per person, insolvency of consumers, difficult working conditions, lack of state support have led to such results. Today, the development of fruit and vegetable production contributes to the economic growth of the agricultural sector not only in the analyzed region, but in Ukraine as a whole. Growing quality horticultural products at an affordable price for all categories of the population allows to increase the consumption of such products, which in turn improves the well-being and health of the population. The conducted researches help to develop a comprehensive program of food security of the region and the country for providing full nutrition of the population in accordance with medical norms.

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Coronavirus Disease-19 (Covid-19) Pandemic Response Through The Universal Defense: The Role Of Intelligence

Technium Social Sciences Journal ◽

10.47577/tssj.v8i1.839 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 606-616

Author(s):

Atam ◽

Pujo Widodo ◽

Helda Risman

Keyword(s):

World Health Organization ◽

Qualitative Methodology ◽

Role Theory ◽

Human Life ◽

Middle Eastern ◽

World Health ◽

The Public ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization

The COVID-19 pandemic that began in Wuhan China has threatened the safety and affected all aspects of human life throughout the world both in European, American, African, Middle Eastern, Australian and Asian countries including Indonesia. The problem of the epidemic cannot yet be fully addressed by the World Health Organization (WHO) so that all countries in the world competing to find a vaccine to tackle the outbreak. The latest development of a case that has been declared a pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO) last March shows that more than 4 million people have been infected with fatalities of nearly three hundred thousand people in more than two hundred countries. This condition then gave rise to the question in the public how the role of state institutions in responding to threats to public security, especially the intelligence sector, whose information is not widely known to the public. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of Intelligence in tackling the COVID-19 pandemic within the framework of the defence of the Indonesian universe. Role theory is the author's analysis instrument to spell out the description of the role and importance of Intelligence in tackling the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is written in a qualitative methodology using a phenomenological approach and data collected from interviews and documentation studies. This research concludes that Intelligence has a real and significant role in the level of identification and detection of outbreaks and their impact so that it becomes a vital input in the formulation of policies relevant to the country in responding to the pandemic.

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Pyrethroids: How They Affect Human and Animal Health?

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina56110582 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (11) ◽

pp. 582

Author(s):

Iga Hołyńska-Iwan ◽

Karolina Szewczyk-Golec

Keyword(s):

Public Awareness ◽

Animal Health ◽

Crop Protection ◽

The Body ◽

World Health ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Voltage Gated Sodium Channels ◽

Influence Activities ◽

Virus Zika ◽

Health Organization

Pyrethroids are pesticides commonly used in crop protection; in the forestry, wood, and textile industries; as well as in medicine and veterinary medicine to treat parasitic crustacean infestations. They have been found to be relatively safe for humans and animals. Pyrethroids are recommended for personal protection against malaria and virus Zika by the World Health Organization. Pyrethroids act on voltage-gated sodium channels, which cause an influx of sodium ions into the nerve cells and permanent depolarization. They also influence activities of enzymes, especially in nerve and liver cells. Contact of pyrethroids with the skin, digestive tract, and respiratory tract results in their penetration into the body. Due to the importance of the subject, a summary of the current state of knowledge on the toxic effects of pyrethroids was presented in the comprehensive review by Chrustek et al, published in journal Medicina. Particular attention was paid to nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, cardiotoxic, immunotoxic, neurotoxic, and behavioral effects of pyrethroids on human and animal bodies. It could be added that pyrethroids generate oxidative stress, which modifies DNA, RNA, protein, lipid and carbohydrate molecules. However, public awareness of the possible negative effects of the use of insecticides is still low. Further research should be carried out to clarify the molecular basis of the pathomechanism of pyrethroid detrimental action. Proper dissemination of the results seems to be of first importance for public health.

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Insight into the Tropism of Dengue Virus in Humans

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v11121136 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1136 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Feroza Begum ◽

Sandeepan Das ◽

Debica Mukherjee ◽

Sweety Mal ◽

Upasana Ray

Keyword(s):

Dengue Virus ◽

Human Life ◽

Severe Infection ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

World Health ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Health Organization ◽

Almost All ◽

Organ Tropism ◽

Insight Into

In tropical and subtropical zones, arboviruses are among the major threats to human life, affecting a large number of populations with serious diseases. Worldwide, over three hundred million people are infected with dengue virus (DENV) every year as per the World Health Organization (WHO). DENV-mediated disease severity ranges from a mild fever to hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome. Patients suffering from severe infection might experience multi-organ failure, cardiomyopathy and even encephalopathy, further complicating the disease pathogenesis. In life-threatening cases, DENV has been reported to affect almost all organs of the human body. In this review, we discuss the organ tropism of DENV in humans in depth as detected in various autopsy studies. Keeping in mind the fact that there is currently no DENV-specific antiviral, it is of utmost importance to achieve a vivid picture of the susceptible cells in humans which might help in designing antivirals against DENV, especially targeting those tissues in which infection might lead to life-threatening conditions.

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The Trend Distribution and Temporal Pattern Analysis of COVID-19 Pandemic using GIS framework in Malaysia

10.21467/preprints.174 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohd Sahrul Syukri Yahya ◽

Edie Ezwan Mohd Safian ◽

Burhaida Burhan

Keyword(s):

Temporal Pattern ◽

Pattern Analysis ◽

Spatial Information ◽

Human Life ◽

The United States ◽

World Health ◽

Emergency Case ◽

Respiratory Problems ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Health Organization

Currently, the most severe infectious disease was the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in all countries in 2019 and 2020. At the end of December 2019, in Wuhan, China, there was an international cluster of cases involving Novel Coronavirus pneumonia (SARS-COV-2). The worldwide number of active cases and deaths is rising, especially in the top countries such as the United States (U.S), Brazil, and India. In Malaysia, these cases of COVID-19 have significantly decreased the number of active infections and deaths in May and June 2020. COVID-19 has had a significant effect on human life, socio-economic growth, and public relation. It is aimed at senior groups and individuals with various health conditions such as cancer, respiratory problems, diabetes, hypertension, and heart-related issues. The World Health Organization (WHO) has formally declared COVID-19 as an international emergency case. As a result, Kuala Lumpur was the most affected state in Malaysia as of 12 July 2020, followed by Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, and Johor. Regardless of the infection chain ratio, the favorable cases in each affected state of Malaysia are rising every day. The Malaysian Government attempted to split the infection chain ratio affected by COVID-19 via the lockdown definition. The research aims to use GIS software to analyze COVID-19's spatial trend distribution and temporal pattern analysis for human health. Geographic information systems (GIS) technologies have played a significant role in spatial information, spatial tracking of confirmed cases, active case, death, and discharge cases, and predicting the magnitude of the spread. Monitoring, evaluating, and planning using geospatial analysis are essential for controlling the spread of COVID-19 within the country.

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