IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN “JOGO TONGGO” DI KECAMATAN SIMO KABUPATEN BOYOLALI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH

Kebijakan Jogo Tonggo merupakan sebuah kebijakan yang dikeluarkan oleh Gubernur Jawa Tengah untuk mengatasi dampak terjadinya Covid-19. Kebijakan ini dilaksanakan berbasis kearifan lokal masyarakat, khususnya masyarakat Jawa Tengah yaitu gotong royong. Pelaksanaan kebijakan ini dilakukan di tingkat rukun warga (RW) dengan membuat Satgas Covid-19 yang bernaman Satgas Jogo Tonggo. Tujuan dilaksanakan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi kebijakan Jogo Tonggo di Kecamatan Simo Kabupaten Boyolali Provinsi Jawa Tengah, faktor pendukung dan penghambat, serta upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi faktor penghambat tersebut. Pada pelaksanaan penelitian ini penulis menggunakanmetode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan induktif. Teknik yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini adalah wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi dan triangulasi. Untuk melakukan analisis data penulis menggunakan cara reduksi data, penyajian data, dan simpulan. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa Implementasi Kebijakan Jogo Tonggo di Kecamatan Simo yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori implementasi Edward III yang terdiri dari empat dimensi yaitu komunikasi, sumber daya,disposisi dan struktur birokrasi sudah berjalan baik sesuai dengan pedoman yang ada. Faktor pendukung kebijakan ini adalah budaya gotong royong, kepedulian dan kebersamaan yang masih kental di masyarakat, serta koordinasi yang jelas antar pelaksana kebijakan ini. Namun, masih terdapat faktor penghambat seperti adanya warga yang belum memahami Kebijakan Jogo Tonggo, dan kesadaran masyarakat terhadap protokol kesehatan masih rendah. Upaya yang dilakukan para pelaksana kebijakan untuk mengatasi hambatan tersebut adalah melakukan sosialisasi, memberikan contoh kepada masyarakat, dan melakukan contact tracking.

Investigations on the Control of COVID-19 and Suggestions for Re-Open Based on Model Study

Data-based analysis gives out an estimation of the incubation period. A dynamic model is established and discussed. Disease reproduction number reveals the high probability of COVID-19 pandemic, but strengthening the exposure of asymptomatic people will help to curb the transmission, and measures of contact-tracking and stay-at-home play a replaceable role. Discussions point out that social disruption can be avoided if the contact tracking rate can be more than 0.5. Investigations for re-opening show that a city of the same size as Wuhan can be reopened if new cases are continuously below 1000 for a few days and when they are less than 500, with the assurance of contact tracking associated with extensive testing. In short, tracking and testing are the prioritized strategies, while maintaining awareness can shorten the epidemic period and mobility restrictions can be avoided.

Serum IgA Antibodies Specific to M. leprae Antigens as Biomarkers for Leprosy Detection and Household Contact Tracking

Leprosy remains endemic in several developing countries, such as India and Brazil, in part due to delayed diagnosis that facilitates ongoing transmission. Although immunoglobulins against several Mycobacterium leprae antigens have been indicated for the early diagnosis, and IgA participates in the early stages of leprosy and in subclinical infection, relatively little research has examined anti-M. leprae IgA responses. Here, we investigated serum IgA reactivity against NDO-HSA, LID-1 and NDO-LID, in paucibacillary (PB) and multibacillary (MB) patients and their household contacts, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Diagnostic accuracy of each ELISA was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Our data reveal elevated IgA serum levels against the three M. leprae specific antigens in MB patients, whereas IgA reactivity in PB patients was increased only to NDO-HSA. Further, MB and PB household contacts displayed higher IgA reactivity to NDO-HSA than non-endemic controls. Our data suggest measurement of serum IgA against NDO-HSA as an additional tool in the diagnosis and classification of the disease, with potential utility for household contact follow-up.

Kebahagiaan pada Relawan Pelacak Kontak COVID-19

This study aims to reveal the happiness of the COVID-19 contact tracer volunteers. A qualitative approach with a phenomenological method was employed. Five volunteers were recruited for this study. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and analyzed using an interpretative phenomenological analysis. From the results of the study, it is concluded that the happiness of being a volunteer arises from positive feelings due to perceived benefits they have given to the people in need primarily people who are recovering from COVID-19. Volunteers’ happiness also arises from the awareness of their positive life compared to people whose life tests are heavier than they have. The involvement and interaction of volunteers with people who are suffering from COVID-19 makes the volunteers feel more positive and grateful for their life.Keywords: COVID-19 contact tracking, happiness, volunteers Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebahagiaan relawan pelacak kontak COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode fenomenologi. Jumlah subjek penelitian ini adalah 5 oang relawan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara semiterstruktur. Data dianalisis menggunakan interpretative phenomenological analysis. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kebahagiaan menjadi relawan muncul karena bisa menolong dan merasakan kebahagiaan orang yang sembuh dari COVID-19. Kebahagiaan relawan juga muncul sebagai akibat melihat realita masih banyak orang lain yang ujian hidupnya lebih dari yang dialaminya. Keterlibatan dan interaksi para informan penlitian ini dengan orang yang sedang terkena penyakit COVID-19 telah membuat mereka memandang hidupnya lebih positif dan penuh kesyukuran.

Overcoming COVID-19 in China despite shortcomings of the public health system: what can we learn?

Background and objective The COVID-19 pandemic started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Although there are some doubts about the reporting of cases and deaths in China, it seems that this country was able to control the epidemic more effectively than many other countries. In this paper, we would like to analyze the measures taken in China and compare them with other countries in order to find out what they can learn from China. Methods We develop a system dynamics model of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan. Based on a number of simulations we analyze the impact of changing parameters, such as contact rates, on the development of a second wave. Results Although China’s health care system seems to be poorly financed and inefficient, the epidemic was brought under control in a comparably short period of time and no second wave was experienced in Wuhan until today. The measures to contain the epidemic do not differ from what was implemented in other countries, but China applied them very early and rigorously. For instance, the consequent implementation of health codes and contact-tracking technology contributed to contain the disease and effectively prevented the second and third waves. Conclusions China’s success in fighting COVID-19 is based on a very strict implementation of a set of measures, including digital management. While other countries discuss relaxing the lock-down at a rate of 50 per 100,000 inhabitants, China started local lock-downs at a rate of 3 per 100,000. We call for a public debate whether this policy would be feasible for more liberal countries as well.

An Overview of Commercially Available Apps in the Initial Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Introduction: It has been 4 months since the discovery of COVID-19, and there have been many measures introduced to curb movements of individuals to stem the spread. There has been an increase in the utilization of web-based technologies for counseling, and for supervision and training, and this has been carefully described in China. Several telehealth initiatives have been highlighted for Australian residents. Smartphone applications have previously been shown to be helpful in times of a crisis. Whilst there have been some examples of how web-based technologies have been used to support individuals who are concerned about or living with COVID-19, we know of no studies or review that have specifically looked at how M-Health technologies have been utilized for COVID-19.Objectives: There might be existing commercially available applications on the commercial stores, or in the published literature. There remains a lack of understanding of the resources that are available, the functionality of these applications, and the evidence base of these applications. Given this, the objective of this content analytical review is in identifying the commercial applications that are available currently for COVID-19, and in exploring their functionalities.Methods: A mobile application search application was used. The search terminologies used were “COVID” and “COVID-19.” Keyword search was performed based on the titles of the commercial applications. The search through the database was conducted from the 27th March through to the 18th of April 2020 by two independent authors.Results: A total of 103 applications were identified from the Apple iTunes and Google Play store, respectively; 32 were available on both Apple and Google Play stores. The majority appeared on the commercial stores between March and April 2020, more than 2 months after the first discovery of COVID-19. Some of the common functionalities include the provision of news and information, contact tracking, and self-assessment or diagnosis.Conclusions: This is the first review that has characterized the smartphone applications 4 months after the first discovery of COVID-19.

Assessing the scaling of a blockchain-based social contact tracking system

During a pandemic, one of the most important tasks is to track social contacts with those who are sick. This article categorizes projects that track these contacts. Projects are classified by architecture and the common components of such systems are highlighted. It is concluded that the hybrid architecture of such a solution based on an exclusive blockchain will have several advantages, and a conceptual model of such a system is described. However, an analysis of existing blockchain projects showed that their main problem is the unresolved issue of scaling such kinds of systems, which is becoming a key issue in the context of creating a global digital infrastructure of society. Further, the scaling of the system's conceptual model is assessed based on open-source information about the Moscow metro, and the main conclusions about the selected architectural solutions are confirmed.

A Review of Wireless Positioning From Past and Current to Emerging Technologies

Many techniques for wireless positioning have existed for years, but with emerging technologies like 5G and ultra wideband, wireless positioning is becoming more accurate than ever. On the one hand, improved accuracy implies increased usefulness. It will open up new application areas and lead to advances in areas like internet of things (IoT), self-driving cars, and contact tracing. Furthermore, decision support systems can benefit from better positioning techniques. On the other hand, the ability to track connected devices with sub-meter precision brings some privacy and security concerns. This chapter aims to review indoor and outdoor positioning technologies and how they can be used for contact tracing. It then further discusses some of the data management, privacy, and security concerns that follow. To that end, this chapter studies the main techniques for wireless positioning, cellular-based positioning using 5G, and their use to contact tracing. Finally, the authors provide some insight into how 5G and UWB might help the area of positioning and contact tracking in the future.

Interfaces (for) Diffracting Technobodies: A Science-Humanities-Design Perspective for an Algorithmic Somatechnics

In response to some current examples of experimental interface design in times of the COVID-19 pandemic – corona data dashboards, a contact tracking app, and an art intervention of distance design in public space – this article brings perspectives and insights from multiple disciplinary fields, several concepts, and a set of arguments together for a ‘more comprehensive understanding’ ( Repko and Szostak 2021 ) of how these cases of design build (on) an algorithmic somatechnics. We argue that this type of understanding perhaps deserves its own naming for which we propose the bracket of the ‘creative humanities’ ( Bleeker, Verhoeff, and Werning 2020 ) – a field that borrows productively from science, humanities, and design. Specifically, we aim to develop such an interdisciplinary perspective to respond to and specify the popular understanding, often reproduced in scholarship, of how technobodies are simultaneously created by and co-creating algorithmic media. We do this by bringing the perspective of diffractive reading to these media with the help of interface theory in order to diagnose that this understanding of the coming-into-being and functioning of technobodies is founded on an interpretation that positions agency on the side of either the social or on the side of the technical, or in their inter-relation. To this interpretation we respond with a diffractive interface approach to traverse this socio-technical constellation and think with the specificity of computation. We focus on the interface as an apparatus within and beyond which the technobody as datum is a locus of an ontological dynamicity that can have un-easy agential effects. Conceptualising the body as a somatechnical datum that may have un-easy effects is particularly relevant in our (post-)pandemic era that requires designs for distance that can afford maximum space for agency, mobility, and presence, yet confronts us with unattainable clarity and security.

A Network-Based Model to Explore the Role of Testing in Epidemic Control

Background: Testing is one of the most effective means to deal with epidemics. However, there is an upper bound on daily testing volume due to the limited healthcare staff and working hours, and different testing methods may also be adopted such as random testing and contact-tracking testing. Methods: In this paper, a network-based epidemic transmission model combined with testing mechanism is proposed to study the role of testing in epidemic control. We simulate the epidemic spread process on complex networks and introduce testing preference to describe different testing strategies. Results: Through a series of numerical simulations, we find that testing can flatten the infection curve and delay the outbreak of epidemics. In addition, the higher the priority for testing individuals in close contacts with confirmed cases, the smaller the infection scale. Compared with the increase speed of daily testing volume, the upper bound of daily testing volume plays a more important role in epidemic control. We also discover that when testing combined with other measures is adopted, the daily testing volume required to control epidemics (i.e., control infection scale below 5%) will be reduced by more than 40% even if other measures only reduce individuals’ infection probability by 10%. Conclusions: In short, although testing can effectively inhibit the spread of infectious diseases, it requires a huge amount of daily testing volume. It is highly recommended that testing be adopted combined with other measures such as wearing masks and social distancing to deal with infectious diseases. Our research contributes to understanding the role of testing in epidemic control and provides useful suggestions for the government and individuals in response to epidemics.