scholarly journals Bio-nematicides Processing from Chicken Manure Waste Enriched with Trichoderma sp Fungi in Pangkalan Gelebak Village

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Yani Purwanti ◽  
Haperidah Nunilahwati ◽  
Laili Nisfuriah ◽  
Fitri Yetty Zairani
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Control Root ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Simple Technology

The negative impact of using synthetic pesticides is harmful to health and damaging the environment. Pesticide residues can endanger health and reduce the competitiveness of agricultural products. The use of pesticides includes synthetic nematicides being suppressed or even avoided. One alternative to nematode control that is safe for health and environmentally friendly is bionematicide in organic chicken manure enriched with Trichoderma sp. Production of bio nematicides is an option to be applied by the farmer. This method of making bio nematicides uses simple technology, is practical, inexpensive, and easy to do at the farm level. In addition, the manufacture of this bionematicide will increase the benefits of chicken manure waste. This Community Service Activity that carried out in Pangkalan Gelebak Village, Rambutan District, Banyuasin Regency, on May 6, 2020. The result of this activity is that the farmers are very enthusiastic and motivated to make bionematicide. The bio nematicide produced is expected to control root-knot nematodes on cultivated plants to increase crop production and reduce dangerous synthetic pesticides. Bio nematicide uses are free from toxic pesticides, safe for health, more environmentally friendly, and will ultimately improve the welfare of farmers

scholarly journals Percobaan Produksi Biogas dari Kotoran Sapi dan Kotoran Ayam dengan Penambahan Enzim Papain

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Zulfikar Ali As ◽  
Hardiono Hardiono ◽  
Syarifudin A.
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Anaerobic Decomposition

Production of Biogas from Cow Manure and Chicken Manure with Addition of Papain. Farms not only contribute positively to meet the demands of protein and increase incomes but also have a negative impact on the environment due to their wastes, especially manure. Biogas produced from the anaerobic decomposition of organic waste is a solution of manure utilization to be a fuel which is cheap and environmentally friendly. To accelerate the production of biogas it is needed a proteoloitik enzyme from papaya, which is called papain. This study aims to calculate the production of biogas from cow manure and chicken manure with addition of papain. The experiments were conducted in the digester made from plastic drums and observed for 30 days. The results showed that the papain influenced of production acceleration of biogas from cow manure. Comparison of biogas production in a week from cow manure: cow manure + 2 kgs of papaya pieces: cow manure + 4 kgs of papaya pieces are 202.7 liters: 263 liters: 332.3 liters. Cow manure did not need other ingredients except water with ratio 1: 1½ . Chicken manure had not been able to produce biogas because their CN ratio was not eligible, although the chaff had been added to increase the carbon content. Biogas from cow manure with addition of papain can be applied on a wider scale, while biogas from chicken manure requires other ingredients that biodegrade easier to add C content in the mixture. Keywords : biogas; cow manure; chicken manure; papain

scholarly journals ANTAGONISTIC TEST OF RIAU LOCAL FUNGAL ISOLATES AGAINST SOME PATHOGENIC IN CULTIVATED PLANTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
Nia Safitri ◽  
Atria Martina ◽  
Rodesia Mustika Roza
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Sp

Tanaman budi daya merupakan tanaman yang sering diserang oleh cendawan pathogen, sehingga mengakibatkan penurunan populasi dan produksi tanaman. Pengendalian hayati dengan cendawan antagonis merupakan salah satu metode yang paling efektif dan lebih ramah lingkungan dalam menekan pertumbuhan patogen tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antagonis cendawan isolat lokal Riau terhadap beberapa cendawan patogen pada tanaman budi daya. Uji antagonis dilakukan secara in vitro dengan metode dual culture menggunakan lima belas cendawan isolat lokal Riau terhadap Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, Ganoderma philippii, G. boninense, Rigidoporus microporus dan Colletotrichum sansevieria. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 memiliki aktivitas antagonis tertinggi dan isolat FER C1 serta isolat LLB07 hanya memiliki aktivitas antagonis yang tinggi dalam menekan pertumbuhan cendawan patogen. Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 mampu menghambat pertumbuhan miselium F. oxysporum sebesar 85,30%, G. Philippii (100%), G. boninense (100%), dan C. sansevieria (100%). Isolat FER C1 hanya menghambat R. Microporus (50,39%) dan isolat LLB07 menghambat G. philippii (52,20%). Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 merupakan cendawan uji yang terpilih sebagai cendawan antagonis, karena memiliki kemampuan daya hambat  >70%.Abstract Cultivated plants are often attacked by pathogenic fungi resulting in a decline of population and crop production. Biocontrol with antagonistic fungi is one of the most effective and environmentally friendly methods in suppressing the growth of plant pathogens. This study aims to examine the antagonistic activity of local isolates fungi Riau against some pathogenic fungi on cultivated plants. The antagonistic test was performed in vitro by dual culture method using fifteen local isolates fungal Riau against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, Ganoderma philippii, G. boninense, Rigidoporus microporus and Colletotrichum sansevieria. The results showed that Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 isolate exhibited highest activites and  FER C1 and LLB07 isolates exhibited high activities suppressed the growth of the fungal pathogen. Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 isolate inhibited mycelial growth F. oxysporum (85.30%), G. philippii (100%), G. boninense (100%) and C. sansevieria (100%). FER C1 isolate only inhibited R. microporus (50.39%), and LLB07 isolate inhibited G. philippii (52.20%). Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 isolate is test isolates as fungal antagonistic.

Effect of Nanobionics in crop production- A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinayak Fasake ◽  
Nita Patil ◽  
Zoya Javed ◽  
Mansi Mishra ◽  
Gyan Tripathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Potential Solution ◽  
New Era ◽  
Mineral Toxicity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Favourable Situation ◽  
Unique Chemical ◽  
Macro Nutrients

: Nanobionics involves the improvement of plant or plant productivity using nanomaterials. Growth of a plant from a seed encompasses various factors which are directly or indirectly dependent upon the imbibition of micro and macro nutrients and vital elements from the soil. Since most of the nutrition is physiologically unavailable to the plants, it leads to mineral deficiencies in plant and mineral toxicity in soil. Either ways, it is not a favourable situation for the microcosom. The new era of nanotechnology offers a potential solution to the availability of the nutrients to the plants due to its unique chemical and physical properties of nanoparticles. Positive and negative impact of these nanoparticles on seed quality and plant growth varies according to the specific properties of nanoparticles. The present review is an attempt to summarize the impact of nanobionics in agriculture.

scholarly journals Natural Dyeing of Cellulose and Protein Fibers with the Flower Extract of Spartium junceum L. Plant

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4091
Author(s):  
Zorana Kovačević ◽  
Ana Sutlović ◽  
Ana Matin ◽  
Sandra Bischof
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wool Fabric ◽  
Dyeing Process ◽  
Protein Fibers ◽  
Wool Sample ◽  
C Value ◽  
Total Difference ◽  
Spartium Junceum

In this study, the natural dye was extracted from Spartium junceum L. (SJL) flowers and applied on cellulose (cotton) and protein (wool) fabric. Fabrics were pre-mordant with alum prior to the dyeing process. Considering the global requirements on zero waste and green policy, the dyeing process was intended to be as much as possible environmentally friendly but still effective. Therefore, mordant concentration was optimized due to the reduction of the negative impact. The efficiency of the dyeing process was investigated by examination of fabrics’ color characteristics and colorfastness to washing properties. In this paper, we have proved that the extracted dye from Spartium junceum L. is an acidic dye (mordant dye) which is more applicable for the treatment of wool fabrics. In this paper, it was proved that phytochemicals responsible for coloring are part of the flavonoids group. The UV absorption spectra of extracted dye show 4 bands in the region of λmax 224, 268, 308 and 346 nm which are ascribed to bands characteristic for flavonoids. Wool fabric pre-mordant with 3% alum and dyed shows great chromatic (C*) properties where C* value is in a range from 47.76 for unwashed samples to 47.50 for samples after 5 washing cycles and color hue (h°) is in a range 82.13 for unwashed samples to 81.52 for samples after 5 washing cycles. The best result regarding the colorfastness properties is shown by the wool sample treated with 3% alum after 5 washing cycles (total difference in color (Delta E*) = 0.87). These results confirm that metal (Al) from alum mordant make strong chemical bonds with wool substrate and dye since Delta E* values decrease in comparison to Delta E* values of the cotton samples treated the same way. The results revealed it is possible to reduce the concentration of mordant up to 3% and obtain satisfactory results regarding the colorfastness. Nevertheless, future research will go in the direction of replacing synthetic mordant with a more environmentally friendly one.

CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF CARBON FARMING DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Radik Safin ◽  
Ayrat Valiev ◽  
Valeriya Kolesar
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The Republic

Global climatic changes have a negative impact on the development of all sectors of the economy, including agriculture. However, the very production of agricultural products is one of the most important sources of greenhouse gases entering the atmosphere. Taking into account the need to reduce the “carbon footprint” in food production, a special place is occupied by the analysis of the volume of greenhouse gas emissions and the development of measures for their sequestration in agriculture. One of the main directions for reducing emissions and immobilizing greenhouse gases is the development of special techniques for their sequestration in the soil, including those used in agriculture. Adaptation of existing farming systems for this task will significantly reduce the “carbon footprint” from agricultural production, including animal husbandry. The development of carbon farming allows not only to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but also to significantly increase the level of soil fertility, primarily by increasing the content of organic matter in them. As a result, it becomes possible, along with the production of crop production, to produce “carbon units” that are sold on local and international markets. The paper analyzes possible greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and the potential for their sequestration in agricultural soils. The role of various elements of the farming system in solving the problem of reducing the “carbon footprint” is considered and ways of developing carbon farming in the Republic of Tatarstan are proposed

scholarly journals Diversity of Functional Soil Microbes in Manures and Its Effect on Organic Mustard Green (Brassica juncea) Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
Ari Kurniawati ◽  
Maya Melati ◽  
Sandra Arifin Aziz ◽  
Purwono Purwono
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Goat Manure ◽  
Mustard Green

The application of organic fertilizer, especially manures, for crop production has long-term effects for soil nutrients availability and improvement of soil structure. The improvement of soil properties involves interactions of various types of microorganism in the soil. The research aimed to study the effects of different types of manures on the diversity of functional soil microbes and its effects on organic green mustard production. The experiment was conducted at IPB organic research field, Cikarawang, Darmaga, Bogor, from April to June 2015. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with two factors; the first factor was types of manure, i.e. chicken, cow, and goat manures; the second factor was manure rates, i.e. 0 and 10 ton.ha-1, so there were six treatments in total, replicated three times. The results showed that chicken manure application resulted in a higher mustard green yield and soil-P content than application of goat manure. The addition 10 ton.ha-1 of manures increased C-organic, N, K, and C/N ratio in soil significantly, but mustard green production was not affected. The diversity of microbe population of the soil treated with all types of manures was high. The addition 10 ton.ha-1 of manures decreased the total number of microbes, but increased the number of cellulose-degrading microbes. The population of cellulose-degrading and phosphate-solubilizing microbes in the soil applied with cow manure was higher than those applied with the other manures.

scholarly journals Biocontrol Potential of Neem Leaf-Based Vermicompost as Indicated by Chitinase, Protease and Β-1,3-Glucanase Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1267-1275
Author(s):  
Khye Er Loh ◽  
Nor Azwady Abdul Aziz ◽  
Muskhazli Mustafa ◽  
Intan Safinar Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Population ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Glucanase Activity ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

The rising concern regarding the negative impact of synthetic pesticides has led to the search for alternative means of pest control. Vermicomposting the mixture of oil palm empty fruit bunch and neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves, with the latter known to have pesticidal value, is therefore of great interest and significance to be studied. The present study was conducted to evaluate the chitinase, protease and β-1,3-glucanase activity of neem leaf-based vermicompost as an indication of its biocontrol properties. The total microbial population of different composition of the vermicompost was also investigated. The results showed that at 10% neem composition, an increment in microbial population, chitinase and protease activities was observed in the end product. A higher concentration of neem exerted a suppressive effect on the microbial population as well as enzymatic activity. This study suggested that the addition of an appropriate composition of neem leaves as one of the raw materials for vermicomposting would potentially enhance the performance of vermicompost as biofertilizer as well as biopesticide.

scholarly journals ЕКОТОКСИКОЛОГІЧНА ОЦІНКА БІОДОБРИВ (ПРОДУКТІВ ФЕРМЕНТАЦІЇ БІОГАЗОВОЇ УСТАНОВКИ) НА ПРЕДМЕТ ЇХ ВІДПОВІДНОСТІ ВИМОГАМ ОРГАНІЧНОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА

2014 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Н. А. Макаренко ◽  
В. І. Бондарь ◽  
Г. М. Борщ ◽  
А. В. Сальнікова
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Ecological Safety ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Agricultural Plants ◽  
Organic Crop Production ◽  
Safety Rules

Проведено екотоксикологічну оцінку безпечностібіодобрива – продукту переробки гною у біогазовійустановці – за впливом на мікро- і мезофауну ґрунтута сільськогосподарські рослини. На основі отрима-них результатів було обґрунтовано екологобезпечнінорми застосування біодобрива в органічному вироб-ництві продукції рослинництва. Встановлено, щозастосування досліджуваного біодобрива позитивновпливає на урожайність сільськогосподарських куль-тур, а за умов дотримання екологобезпечних нормвнесення відсутній негативний вплив на агроеко-систему. An Eco toxicological assessment of the safety of biofertilizer was conducted – the influence of the product of the processing manure in biogas plant on the soil micro- and mesofauna and agricultural plants. Based on the results we have grounded the ecological safety rules of biofertilizers application in organic crop production. It was established that the use of studied biofertilizers affects positively the productivity of crops and if to subject to ecological safety standards of biofertilizers introduction there is no negative impact on agro-ecosystem.

scholarly journals QTL analysis and management of plant productivity in the precision agriculture

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Chesnokov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Qtl Analysis ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Plant Productivity ◽  
Steady Increase

Modern crop cultivation technologies have reached the limits of “saturation” both in the ecological (environmental pollution, suppression of the mechanisms of its self-regulation), energy (exponential growth of irreplaceable energy costs for each additional unit of production), and in production. In this regard, environmental factors (air drought, frosts, active temperatures, etc.), which cannot be optimized, are becoming increasingly important in ensuring a steady increase in the yield of cultivated plant forms. In recent decades, more and more attention has been paid to technogenic and biological systems of agriculture, based on the ecologization and biologization of the intensification processes of adaptive crop production. Such approaches are the precision agriculture system (PA) and QTL analysis. Using these approaches allows not only to ensure a steady increase in productivity due to the combined use of the advantages of precision farming and molecular genetic assessment, including the creation of new forms and varieties that are responsive to РА agricultural practices, but also to level the negative impact of abiotic and biotic environmental factors that limit the size and quality of the crop as well as plant productivity. It is shown that the strategy of adaptive intensification of crop production through the use of the TK system and QTL analysis approaches is not alternative to existing farming systems, however, it focuses modern agriculture on the growth of knowledge-intensive agricultural production as a whole. An analysis of the causes under consideration, the current unfavorable trends in modern crop production and agriculture, clearly shows their scale and long-term nature, and therefore the inevitability of the search for new priorities for intensification of crop production and agriculture, providing a qualitatively new stage of their development in the interests of man.

scholarly journals Application of GIS Technologies in Land Improvement in the Shabran-Sumgait Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Land Improvement

The article presents the results of a soil cover study carried out in Azerbaijan. It was found that the soils of the study area are slightly saline, which is more common on irrigated lands. Solonetzic soils are widespread in the Shabran-Sumgait region. The negative impact of alkaline soils on the development and crop yield of cultivated plants is due to the presence of soda and absorbing sodium and magnesium cations in the soil solution. It was revealed that 36.3% of soils with. Gyulamli, Shabran region, was heavily salinized. It is necessary to control the flows of the collector and drainage network in agricultural areas.

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