Digital feminist activism: Analyzing Jakarta Feminist as a collective identity, resources, network, information dissemination, and mobilization

The use of social media for feminist activism in Indonesia has increased in decades. Some studies have mentioned digital feminist activism as the three intersectional relations of collective agenda, civic network, and digital infrastructure. To deepen, this study aims to analyze digital feminist activism works to organize collective identities, develop resources, coordinate networks, disseminate information, and mobilize social actors, in the case of Jakarta Feminist through a qualitative approach combined with social and textual network analysis. As a result, the Jakarta Feminist collective’s identity formed based on their identities, concerns, and defaces to the right of all Indonesian women, and other minorities group succeeded in developing resources in the form of moral, cultural, material, human, and network. Jakarta Feminist disseminated activism information by using social media features, and their members’ ties. Mobilized actors by conducting internal group planning, themes, and hashtags, boosted by social media personalities digital campaigns, individual and cross-organization. This study concluded that feminist digital activism running by the combination of their work in online and offline spheres. The cross-sectional interrelated of feminist activism to other issues, movements, and entities are interesting topics for future research.

Women’s resistance to domestic violence during COVID-19 pandemic: A study from Indonesia

COVID-19 pandemic affected the increasing frequency and intensity of a husband and wife’s interaction. The pandemic further worsened domestic violence experienced by women, and this has made them resist the violence. This study aims to unravel domestic violence and women’s resistance. The research used a qualitative method on women who experienced domestic violence amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings suggest that the resistance was triggered by numerous internal conflicts, such as declining income and increasingly diverse household conflicts during the pandemic. Women spontaneously resist against verbal, physical, and psychological abuse to save themselves from harm and to protect their dignity. The resistances are demonstrated in various ways, including fighting the husband back, verbal abuse, shouting, threatening to divorce, scratching, and punching the husband. Additionally, women also resorted to passive resistance by giving the silent treatment, staying away, stopping communication, not sleeping in the same bed, and refusing to serve the husband. This resistance exhibited women’s awareness to defend their rights. Women did realize that they have the right to fight back as a manner of combating gender inequality.

The Era of Society 5.0 as the unification of humans and technology: A literature review on materialism and existentialism

The Industrial Revolution 4.0 brings society in fast-paced change. Technology and social media emerge not only as a means of communication and accessibility of modern society, but also as a means of mass news spread and provocation. When society and technology coexist, technology is able to drive people to have accessibility without time limits. The objective of this study is to describe the overview of the Era of Society 5.0 seen from the perspectives of materialism and existentialism in social sciences. The research method used was descriptive qualitative with literature review analysis which specifically discussed modern society and the idea of materialism and existentialism. The results of this study showed that the Era of Society 5.0 has indeed become an era of the unification of humans and technology. Technology has become a necessity that must be fulfilled by all people. The perspectives of materialism and existentialism view it as a critical period because society is vulnerable to division if it is not directed properly. This study concluded that the Era of Society 5.0 is described as a period when humans and their mindsets are trapped between material needs and the desire for existence. Technology that is interconnected and accessed without limits presents a complex situation. The streams of materialism and existentialism provide an overview of the situation of society in two related sides.

Female adolescents and the use of contraceptives in rural areas

Contraception is an effort used to prevent pregnancy in women of childbearing age. Presently, contraception is not only used for adult women or those who have had a partner, but also for female adolescents. This study aimed to understand the practice of using contraceptives among female adolescents in rural areas. The theory used as an analytical tool was the theory of social construction by Peter L Berger and Thomas Luckmann. This study used a qualitative method. The research subjects in this study were women who used contraceptives as an adolescent. This study showed that the use of contraceptives or family planning by female adolescents in the Kabuh District is a common practice. Female adolescents interpreted family planning practices as prevention of pregnancy. The most commonly used contraceptives are the contraceptive injection and the birth control pill. Adolescents obtained preference for contraceptives from their parents and family. Meanwhile, family planning services were only provided through a midwife using the One-Stop Service method. Cultural values and customs that are deeply rooted in the Manduro community make the practice of pre-marital family planning perpetuated, even though it contradicts information in general and religion. This study concluded that the practice of pre-marital family planning is believed to be the best solution for female adolescents who are engaged but still want to seek new experiences.

Non-governmental organization’s contribution to women small-scale farmers: A case study of Tchenzema ward, Morogoro, Tanzania

Tanzanian women play a vital role in the country’s development and industrialization. Tanzania’s agriculture is considered the country’s backbone, but women are the driving force behind small-scale farming. This study aims to identify the types of NGOs that support women, small-scale farmers, to investigate the effects of NGOs, and the challenges that small-scale farmers face in Tchenzema ward. The transition and growth model development theory, and patriarchy theory, were used in the study. The study revealed that poor transportation, crop illnesses and insects, lack of pesticides, price fluctuation, lack of energy, and high agricultural equipment prices are some of the issues faced by women small-scale farmers in Tchenzema ward. This study concludes that the lack of collaboration between the Tanzanian government and farmers causes farmers to only rely on NGOs. The government and non-governmental organizations need to support women small-scale farmers so as to solve the challenges, and raising the output, hence let the agriculture sector achieves its national aim of economic growth.

Muakhi culture as ethnic conflict management in Lampung

The transmigration program forms Lampung society to be multicultural that easily triggers the emergence of ethnic conflicts. In Lampung, it has unexpectedly formed enclaves that cause migrants and local people to not be integrated so that there is polarization and an economic gap between migrants and local people. This is because the economy of migrants advances which causes social jealousy. This study aimed to explain muakhi as conflict management from pre-conflict to post-conflict. This study was qualitative research with phenomenology and multiple case approaches. The research data were obtained by in-depth interviews. The results of this study are first, muakhi in pre-conflict management is managed by the traditional leaders to conduct deliberation and agreement. Second, muakhi in post-conflict management is managed and controlled by all elements of the community. The village officers, traditional leaders, religious leaders, community leaders, or mass organizations remind each other by means of cooperation with the conflicting parties. This study concluded that muakhi is able to create social and media integration and a forum for creating peace in accordance with the values and norms in the lives of the community.

The motive for the action of online gambling as an additional livelihood during social restrictions due to the Covid-19 pandemic

Gambling is one of the sub-cultural deviations that have mushroomed in society. Gambling has so far been prohibited by law, but during the difficult times of the pandemic and the implementation of social restrictions in Nganjuk Regency, gambling has become a classic excuse in the midst of the current difficult economy. However, during the social restrictions gambling was mostly done online (via electronic media). This study aims to research and find the background of why many people like to play online gambling. The research method was qualitative. Primary data were obtained through observation and in-depth interviews. This study finds factors that influence the prevalence of gambling during social restrictions, both internal and external factors. This study also finds that online gambling has many types such as lottery gambling, dice, games using cash as the dowry for bets. On the other hand, online gambling is done as entertainment or a hobby. This study concludes that the Covid-19 pandemic causes social problems so that online gambling is used as an additional livelihood and as a hobby by the people in Nganjuk Regency.

Teachers as a panopticon for smart class students during distance learning

The education sector is experiencing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in the implementation of the distance learning (PJJ) system to reduce the risk of virus transmission. This system, however, has several obstacles, including the internet network, social inequality, uncertainty in choosing the appropriate learning method, and the decline in student achievement. This problem is also faced by smart class students at Hang Tuah Senior High School 2 of Sidoarjo, forcing its teachers to be able to create innovative learning and act actively to discipline their students. This study aimed to determine the teachers’ role as a panopticon for smart class students during distance learning. The qualitative research method was implemented using Foucault’s genealogical approach and the research informants were determined using the snowball technique. The results of this study reveal that the teachers’ role as a panopticon for the students is carried out with a hierarchical observation, giving reward and punishment, and repeated test system. This study concludes that the role of the teachers as a panopticon during distance learning at Hang Tuah Senior High School 2 of Sidoarjo is particularly useful for disciplining smart class students to carry out their obligations and prevent a decline in academic achievement even though the activities are done virtually.

The social construction of sexual violence for female politicians

The phenomenon of sexual violence is illustrated as the iceberg phenomenon. Every year the number of cases of sexual violence increases. Among the victims of sexual violence, women are the most common ones. This study aimed to examine how the social construction of sexual violence from the side of women as female politicians. The research method was qualitative. Primary data were obtained through observation and in-depth interviews. The theory employed was the social construction theory by Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann. The results showed that in the externalization process, sexual violence is a reality that still has weaknesses in its handling in Indonesia due to the existence of patriarchal values in society. The objectification process resulted in a debate between the use of the KUHP and the Elimination of Sexual Violence Bill (RUU PKS) as the legal basis for sexual violence. The internalization process is a reinterpretation of sexual violence after externalization and objectivation. This study concludes, in this process, female politicians interpret sexual violence as an act of attacking the sexuality of the victim which damages the physical and psychological aspects.

Overcoming poverty in Laut Tribe households through gender relations on Lipan Island, Riau Islands Province

The Laut Tribe on Lipan Island in Selayar District, Lingga Regency in the Riau Islands Province is a remote community that has received guidance from the government but they live below the poverty line. This study aimed to look at the gender relations of the Laut Tribe households in relation to overcoming the poverty problems, using a gender analysis approach. This study used a qualitative methodology with a descriptive approach. The informants of this study are the husbands and wives from Laut Tribe. The data was obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of this study showed that the women were contributors to the family’s economy, which was used to meet their daily needs. Some worked as shrimp peeler laborers and domestic servants, while others followed their husbands to go to sea to sort the catch. These women role was only considered to improve the family’s economy because of the patriarchal values constructed in the community. This has an impact on gender relations, in which there is a division of roles in the domestic and public sectors which causes the women to have a double burden and has no effect on the women’s bargaining position.