Toward Improvement of Therapeutic Strategies in Leukemia by Amplification of the Immune Responses Against Leukemia

1990 ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Slavin ◽  
A. Eckerstein ◽  
I. Hardan ◽  
M. Ben Shahar ◽  
R. Or ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies

scholarly journals Genetic polymorphisms mediating behavioural and immune response to pathogens may moderate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Philip Rajkumar
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Entire World ◽  
S Allele ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected the entire world, but there are wide variations in prevalence and mortality across nations. Genetic variants which influence behavioural or immune responses to pathogens, selected for by pathogen pressure, may influence this variability. Two relevant polymorphisms in this context are the s allele of the serotonin transporter promoter (5-HTTLPR) and the G allele of the interleukin-6 gene (IL-6 rs1800795).MethodsThe frequencies of the 5-HTTLPR s allele and IL-6 rs1800795 G allele were obtained from published data. The correlations between these allele frequencies and the prevalence and mortality rates of COVID-19 were examined across 44 nations.ResultsThe IL-6 rs1800795 G allele was negatively correlated with COVID-19 prevalence (ρ = −0.466, p < 0.01) and mortality (ρ = −0.591, p<0.001) across nations. The 5-HTTLPR s allele was negatively correlated with COVID-19 mortality rates (ρ = −0.437, p = 0.023).ConclusionsThese results suggest that a significant relationship exists between genetic variants that influence behavioural and immune responses to pathogens and indices of the impact of COVID-19 across nations. Further investigation of these variants and their correlates may permit the development of better preventive or therapeutic strategies in the management of the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Fungal Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Targets for Immune Interventions

mSphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Silveira Freitas ◽  
Vânia Luiza Deperon Bonato ◽  
Andre Moreira Pessoni ◽  
Marcio L. Rodrigues ◽  
Arturo Casadevall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties

ABSTRACT The release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by fungi is a fundamental cellular process. EVs carry several biomolecules, including pigments, proteins, enzymes, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, and are involved in physiological and pathological processes. EVs may play a pivotal role in the establishment of fungal infections, as they can interact with the host immune system to elicit multiple outcomes. It has been observed that, depending on the fungal pathogen, EVs can exacerbate or attenuate fungal infections. The study of the interaction between fungal EVs and the host immune system and understanding of the mechanisms that regulate those interactions might be useful for the development of new adjuvants as well as the improvement of protective immune responses against infectious or noninfectious diseases. In this review, we describe the immunomodulatory properties of EVs produced by pathogenic fungi and discuss their potential as adjuvants for prophylactic or therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Strategies for Targeting IL-33/ST2 Signalling for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 349-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Yu Chen ◽  
Tzu-Hsien Tsai ◽  
Jenq-Lin Yang ◽  
Lung-Chih Li
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Gastrointestinal System ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Central Nerve System ◽  
Nerve System

Interleukin (IL)-33, a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, is involved in innate and adaptive immune responses via interaction with its receptor, ST2. Activation of ST2 signalling by IL-33 triggers pleiotropic immune functions in multiple ST2-expressing immune cells, including macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, type 2 helper T cells, regulatory T cells, and group 2 innate lymphoid cells. IL-33-mediated effector functions contribute to the tissue inflammatory and reparative responses in various organs including lung, skin, kidney, central nerve system, cardiovascular system, and gastrointestinal system. Endogenous IL-33/ ST2 signaling exhibits diverse immune regulatory functions during progression of different diseases. IL-33 likely functions as a disease sensitizer and plays pathological roles in inflamed tissues in allergic disorders that involve hyperreactive immune responses in the context of skin and pulmonary allergy. However, IL-33 also mediates tissue-protective functions during the recovery phase following tissue injury in the central nerve system and gastrointestinal system. Modulation of the IL-33/ST2 axis, therefore, represents a promising strategy for treating immune disorders that involve dysregulation of the cytokine signalling. In the past two decades, therapeutic strategies blocking IL-33/ST2 have been extensively studied for the treatment of diseases in animal models. In this review, the current progress on the development of therapeutic biologics for targeting IL-33/ST2 signalling in inflammatory diseases is summarized.

Leishmanial selenoproteins and the host immune system: towards new therapeutic strategies?

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (7) ◽  
pp. 541-544
Author(s):  
Sajad Rashidi ◽  
Kurosh Kalantar ◽  
Paul Nguewa ◽  
Gholamreza Hatam
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Leishmania Parasites

Abstract Optimum levels of selenoproteins are essential for starting and managing the host immune responses against pathogens. According to the expression of selenoproteins in Leishmania parasites, and since high levels of selenoproteins lead to adverse effects on immune cells and their functions, Leishmania parasites might then express selenoproteins such as selenomethionine in their structure and/or secretions able to challenge the host immune system. Finally, this adaptation may lead to evasion of the parasite from the host immune system. The expression of selenoproteins in Leishmania parasites might then induce the development of infection. We therefore suggest these molecules as new therapeutic candidates for the treatment of leishmaniasis.

scholarly journals Endogenous control of inflammation characterizes pregnant women with asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara De Biasi ◽  
Domenico Lo Tartaro ◽  
Lara Gibellini ◽  
Annamaria Paolini ◽  
Andrew Quong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Mass Cytometry ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules ◽  
D Dimer

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 infection can affect all human beings, including pregnant women. Thus, understanding the immunological changes induced by the virus during pregnancy is nowadays of pivotal importance. Here, using peripheral blood from 14 pregnant women with asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection, we investigate cell proliferation and cytokine production, measure plasma levels of 62 cytokines, and perform a 38-parameter mass cytometry analysis. Our results show an increase in low density neutrophils but no lymphopenia or gross alterations of white blood cells, which display normal levels of differentiation, activation or exhaustion markers and show well preserved functionality. Meanwhile, the plasma levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1RA, IL-10 and IL-19 are increased, those of IL-17, PD-L1 and D-dimer are decreased, but IL-6 and other inflammatory molecules remain unchanged. Our profiling of antiviral immune responses may thus help develop therapeutic strategies to avoid virus-induced damages during pregnancy.

scholarly journals The role of cytokines in the processes of adaptive integration of immune and neuroendocrine reactions of the human body

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
E. A. Troshina
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Immune Stimulation ◽  
Adaptive Integration ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Brain

The immune, endocrine and nervous systems are integrated due to the existence of reciprocal pathways for transmitting information about changes in their actual functional state. The main task of the brain is to receive, integrate and store information, and there is strong evidence that this also applies to information obtained through the body’s immune responses. It has been proven that the production of cytokines in the brain can be caused not only by peripheral immune stimulation, but also by the nerve cells themselves, stimulated by certain neurosensory signals. Evolutionarily preserved antihomeostatic mechanisms characteristic of specific diseases are the subject of further research, the results of which may be very important for the development of therapeutic strategies that would prevent the undesirable combined effects of immune and neuroendocrine mediators.

scholarly journals The CD70-CD27 axis in oncology: the new kids on the block

2022 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tal Flieswasser ◽  
Astrid Van den Eynde ◽  
Jonas Van Audenaerde ◽  
Jorrit De Waele ◽  
Filip Lardon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Solid Malignancies ◽  
Checkpoint Molecule ◽  
Novel Target

AbstractThe immune checkpoint molecule CD70 and its receptor CD27 are aberrantly expressed in many hematological and solid malignancies. Dysregulation of the CD70-CD27 axis within the tumor and its microenvironment is associated with tumor progression and immunosuppression. This is in contrast to physiological conditions, where tightly controlled expression of CD70 and CD27 plays a role in co-stimulation in immune responses. In hematological malignancies, cancer cells co-express CD70 and CD27 promoting stemness, proliferation and survival of malignancy. In solid tumors, only expression of CD70 is present on the tumor cells which can facilitate immune evasion through CD27 expression in the tumor microenvironment. The discovery of these tumor promoting and immunosuppressive effects of the CD70-CD27 axis has unfolded a novel target in the field of oncology, CD70.In this review, we thoroughly discuss current insights into expression patterns and the role of the CD70-CD27 axis in hematological and solid malignancies, its effect on the tumor microenvironment and (pre)clinical therapeutic strategies.

RNA-loaded dendritic cells: more than a tour de force in cancer therapeutics

Immunotherapy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 1129-1147
Author(s):  
Aishwarya Joshi ◽  
Nikunj Tandel ◽  
Priyanka Tyagi ◽  
Sarat K Dalai ◽  
Prakash S Bisen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Immune Competency ◽  
Potential Use

A wide array of therapeutic strategies has been implemented against cancers, yet their clinical benefit is limited. The lack of clinical efficacy of the conventional treatment options might be due to the inept immune competency of the patients. Dendritic cells (DCs) have a vital role in initiating and directing immune responses and have been frequently used as delivery vehicles in clinical research. The recent clinical data suggest the potential use of DCs pulsed with nucleic acid, especially with RNA holds a great potential as an immunotherapeutic measure with compare to other cancer therapeutics. This review mainly deals with the DCs and their role in transfection with RNA in cancer immunotherapy.

scholarly journals B-Cells and Antibodies as Contributors to Effector Immune Responses in Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willemijn F. Rijnink ◽  
Tom H.M. Ottenhoff ◽  
Simone A. Joosten
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Vaccination Strategies ◽  
New Evidence

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is still a major threat to mankind, urgently requiring improved vaccination and therapeutic strategies to reduce TB-disease burden. Most present vaccination strategies mainly aim to induce cell-mediated immunity (CMI), yet a series of independent studies has shown that B-cells and antibodies (Abs) may contribute significantly to reduce the mycobacterial burden. Although early studies using B-cell knock out animals did not support a major role for B-cells, more recent studies have provided new evidence that B-cells and Abs can contribute significantly to host defense against Mtb. B-cells and Abs exist in many different functional subsets, each equipped with unique functional properties. In this review, we will summarize current evidence on the contribution of B-cells and Abs to immunity toward Mtb, their potential utility as biomarkers, and their functional contribution to Mtb control.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document