scholarly journals How to Optimize the Relationship Between Public Spending and Happiness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renaud Gaucher
Keyword(s):  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractHappiness and efficient public spending are considered to be two desirable goals. In this paper, I consider happiness in the sense of how much one likes the life one leads (Veenhoven, 1984), and emphasize negative utilitarianism (Popper, 1952) as the best approach for promoting happiness in public policies. An ethical framework about public policies implemented to improve social conditions for happiness is suggested. I give a definition of the term optimization and propose two methods to optimize the relationship between public spending and social conditions for happiness. I briefly introduce a bookkeeping method, and I then present the bases of an econometric method in which quantile regression is described as the best tool within the negative utilitarianist approach, because quantile regression makes possible to know which independent variables influence most the degree of happiness of the least happy/ the saddest. The bookkeeping and the econometric methods presented are useful for any local, regional, national or supranational authority. These methods may also be useful for optimizing the relationship between natural resources consumption and social conditions for happiness. The paper is a conceptual paper.

Two Theories of Effective Government

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Lindvall
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Precise Definition ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter introduces the problem of “reform capacity” (the ability of political decision-makers to adopt and implement policy changes that benefit society as a whole, by adjusting public policies to changing economic, social, and political circumstances). The chapter also reviews the long-standing discussion in political science about the relationship between political institutions and effective government. Furthermore, the chapter explains why the possibility of compensation matters greatly for the politics of reform; provides a precise definition of the concept of reform capacity; describes the book's general approach to this problem; and discusses the ethics of compensating losers from reform; and presents the book's methodological approach.

Thomas J. Watson and the Business-Government Relationship, 1933–1956

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Stebenne
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
New Deal ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Business Community ◽  
American Business ◽  
Precise Nature ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The New Deal ◽  
The U.S

The precise nature of the relationship between the American business community and the New Deal has been a lively topic of debate in recent years. This article looks at an important figure and firm in that relationship (Thomas J. Watson of IBM) to increase our understanding of it. This article focuses chronologically on the period from the early 1930s through the mid-1950s, when New-Deal-era public policy innovations were most influential. The overall picture that emerges from this study of the U.S. business-government relationship during those years is one of business accommodation of major changes in social conditions and public policies rather than a view of business as the primary leader of change.

INNOVATION CAPABILITY, ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY AND SMES PERFORMANCE IN PAKISTAN: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF BUSINESS STRATEGY

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zulqarnain Arshad ◽  
Darwina Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Innovation Capability ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
And Performance ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Crucial Part

The small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial part in county’s economic growth and a key contributor in country’s GDP. In Pakistan SMEs hold about 90 percent of the total businesses. The performance of SMEs depends upon many factors. The main aim for the research is to examine the relationship between Innovation Capability, Absorptive Capacity and Performance of SMEs in Pakistan. This conceptual paper also extends to the vague revelation on Business Strategy in which act as a moderator between Innovation Capability, Absorptive Capacity and SMEs Performance. Conclusively, this study proposes a new research directions and hypotheses development to examine the relationship among the variables in Pakistan’s SMEs context.

The Relationship Between The University Services Marketing And the Leading Orientation And Their Impact In Enhancing The University Reputation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusseibeh Ahmed Abdul Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Private Universities ◽  
Services Marketing ◽  
Correlation Relationship ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Marketing Orientation ◽  
University Reputation ◽  
Administrative Leaders ◽  
University Services ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the university services marketing and the leading orientation and their impact in enhancing the university reputation: Field study on a sample of administrative leaders in       private universities in the Erbil city Objective - The current study try to find the role of marketing university services (educational services, research services, community services) and the leading orientation (research mobilization, distinction, cooperation, university policies, proactive) as independent variables in enhancing the university's reputation as dependent a variable (Social responsibility, innovation, quality of service, image of the organization) in a sample of private universities in the Erbil city. Methodology of the study - The problem of the study was determined in several questions related to the nature of the correlation relationship - the effect of independent study variables (marketing of university services and leadership orientation) and the dependent variable (the reputation of the university). For this purpose, the hypotheses were subjected to multiple tests. The study used the questionnaire as a means to obtain data from the administrative leaders of the investigated universities. - The study was used the analytical descriptive method. The main and sub-variables were described and correlation and effect relationships were analyzed between the variables using advanced statistical methods (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentages, Pearson correlation, multiple regression test) , And the implementation of the statistical program (SPSS-Ver.18). The study was conducted in the educational sector in the city of Erbil, in order to obtain the necessary information for the field through a questionnaire prepared for this purpose and distributed to six universities. The number of respondents was (73) (Presidents of universities, their assistants, deans, their assistants, heads of departments) at the universities in question. The value of the study: The main conclusions of the study are the existence of a significant relationship between the variables of the study and the existence of a significant effect of the independent variable marketing of university services and the leading trend in the dependent variable universities reputation and the existence of variation of the effect of independent variables in the dependent variable in the universities investigated, A set of recommendations, the most important of which is the establishment of a center for the marketing of services at the university level and at the level of each college. In order to conduct a continuous study of the labor market to determine market needs, the university should be aware of the importance of marketing orientation in university education

ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL STATUS OF THE CAPITAL OF UKRAINE - THE HERO CITY OF KYIV AS A GUARANTEE OF THE RIGHTS OF CITIZENS OF UKRAINE AND THE TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY OF THE CITY

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksii Chepov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
City Councils ◽  
The Social ◽  
District Management ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The qualitative and clear definition of the legal regime of the capital of Ukraine, the hero city of Kyiv, is influenced by its legislative enshrinement, however, it should be noted that discussions are ongoing and one of the reasons for the unclear legal status of the capital is the ambiguity of current legislation in this area. Separation of the functions of the city of Kyiv, which are carried out to ensure the rights of citizens of Ukraine and the functions that guarantee the rights of the territorial community of the city of Kyiv. In the modern world, in legal doctrine and practice, the capital is understood as the capital of the country, which at the legislative level received this status and, accordingly, is the administrative and political center of the state, which houses the main state bodies and diplomatic missions of other states. It is the identification of the boundaries of the relationship between the competencies of state administrations and local self-government, in practice, often raises questions about their delimitation and ways of regulatory solution. Peculiarities of local self-government in Kyiv city districts are defined in the provisions of the Law on the Capital, which reveal the norms of the Constitution in these legal relations, according to which the issue of organizing district management in cities belongs to city councils. Likewise, it is unregulated by law to lose the particularity of the legal status of the territory of the city. It should be emphasized that the subject of administrative-legal relations is not a certain administrative-territorial entity, but the social group is designated - the territorial community of the city of Kiev, kiyani. Thus, the provisions on the city of Kyiv partially ignore the potential of the territorial community.

Compliance and Conflict of Value in Public Policy Implementation: Comparison between the New Order and the Reformation Era

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwiyanto Indiahono ◽  
Erwan Purwanto ◽  
Agus Pramusinto
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
New Order ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Public Policy Implementation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Conflict Of Value ◽  
The Relationship

This research aims to examine differences in the relationship of bureaucratic and political officials during the New Order (Soeharto’s era) and the Reformation (post-Soeharto) era within the arena of public policy implementation. This is a matter of importance given that there is a change in relations between the two from integration in the New Order to bureaucratic impartiality in the Reformation Era. This study attempts to answer the question: How were the relations of bureaucratic and political officials in the implementation of local level public policy during the New Order and the Reformation Era? A qualitative research has been conducted in Tegal Municipality using the following data collection techniques: interview, focus group discussion, documentation, and observation. Tegal Municipality was selected as the study location because of the unique relationship shown between the mayor and the bureaucracy. Its uniqueness lies in the emergence of bureaucratic officials who dare to oppose political officials, based on their convictions that bureaucratic/public values should be maintained even if it means having to be in direct conflict with political officials. This research indicates that the relationship between bureaucratic and political officials in the arena of local level policy implementation during the New Order was characterized as being full of pressure and compliance, whereas during the Reformation Era bureaucrats have the audacity to hinder policy implementation. Such audacity to thwart policies is considered to have developed from a stance that aims to protect public budget and values in policies. The occurring conflict of values here demonstrates a dichotomy of political and bureaucratic officials that is different from the prevailing definition of politics-administration dichotomy introduced at the onset of Public Administration studies.

The Concept of Europeanization and Possibilities of its Application to the Analysis of Ukraine-EU Relations

2017 ◽  
pp. 149-160
Author(s):  
Natalia Popova
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Member States ◽  
External Governance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Eu Studies ◽  
The Eu

The concept of Europeanization has become quite fashionable in EU studies in recent years. It is often used for the analysis of the relations between the EU and non-member states. The aim of the article is to examine the possibilities of its application in explaining the relationship between the EU and Ukraine. The structure of the article is as follows: firstly, the concept of Europeanization is defined considering such two disputable issues as distinguishing among concepts of Europeanization and European integration as well as Europeanization and EU-ization. Next, the evolution of the theoretical research of Europeanization and definition of this concept are analyzed. Two main mechanisms of Europeanization (conditionality and socialization) are examined. The author considers main approaches to the analysis of the "external" Europeanization emphasizing the concept of "external governance". Three groups of factors which influence the effectiveness of Europeanization are briefly analyzed. And finally, the peculiarities of application of the Europeanization concept to the Ukraine-EU relations are outlined. Keywords: EU, Ukraine, Europeanization, EU-ization, ‘external’ Europeanization, conditionality, socialization, concept of ‘external governance’

ANALISA PENGARUH IKLIM ORGANISASI DAN KOMPETENSI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PT HUTAMA KARYA

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Wardhana, MM.
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Free Variable ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Correlational Approach ◽  
Survey Research Methods ◽  
The Relationship

This study entitled "Analysis of Effect of Climate Organization and Competence Againt Employee PT. Hutama Karya ". The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the relationship between the free variable that organizational climate (X1) and competence (X2) with the dependent variable is employee performance (Y), either partially or simultaneously, This study used survey research methods with the correlational approach and predictive, which aims for the relationship and influence between independent and dependent variables. The sampling technique can be done randomly (simple random sampling) of 852 employees, which is considered to resprentatif is 89 people. And to solve problems, to analyze and examine the relationship and influence between the independent variables on the dependent variable used models kausalistik through regression analysis with SPSS 14.0

О вопросах фольклоризма в письменной литературе

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
Суусар Искендерова
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Folk Songs ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientific Term ◽  
Literature Culture ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Аннотация: Исследование проблемы фольклоризма является наиболее актуальной в современной науке о фольклоре. На разных этапах развития художественной литературы для формирования индивидуального творчества писателя особенно значимым становятся фольклорные жанры, сюжетные мотивы и художественные средства. В статье рассматривается связь письменной литературы и фольклора, особенно точка зрения проблеме фольклоризма в прошлом и их анализ. Термин «фольклоризм» начал использоваться советскими исследователями учеными как научный термин еще в 1930-х гг. Термин «фольклоризм» используется в различных сферах культуры, а в этой статье мы будем рассматривать в литературе. Несмотря на то, что на протяжении многих лет этот вопрос изучается литературоведами, фольклористами, все -таки нет единого теоретического определения понятия. Ключевые слова: фольклор, фольклоризм, литература, культура, письменная литература, художественная литература, оседлый народ, пословицы и поговорки, фольклорные песни. Аннотация: Көркөм адабияттын өнүгүүсүнүн ар кайсы баскычтарында сүрөткердин жеке чыгармачылыгынын калыптанышы үчүн фольклордук жанрлар, сюжеттер, мотивдер жана көркөм каражаттар айрыкча мааниге ээ. Макалада жазма адабият менен фольклордук карым-катышы, айрыкча фольклоризм маселеси жөнүндө мурдагы көз караштарга кайрылып, аларга талдоо жүргүзүү менен бирге автор өз байкоолорунда келтирет. “Фольклоризм” деген илимий термин 1930-жылы баштап колдонула баштаган. “Фольклоризм” термини маданияттын түрдүү сфераларында кеңири колдо- нулат, бул жерде адабияттагы колдонулушун каралат. Макалада адабий материал менен фольклордук байланышын терең түшүнүү үчүн адабий фольклоризм маселесинин талаштуу жактары каралат. Түйүндүү сөздөр: фольклор, фольклоризм, адабият, маданият, жазма адабият, көркөм адабият, көчмөн калк, макал-лакап, фольклордук ырлар. Annotation: The study of the problem of folklore is the most relevant in the modern science of folklore. At various stages in the development of fiction, folklore genres, plot motifs, and artistic means become especially significant for the formation of the writer's individual creativity. The article examines the relationship between written literature and folklore, especially the point of view of the problem of folklorism in the past and their analysis. The term "folklorism" began to be used by Soviet scholars as a scientific term back in the 1930s. The term "folklorism" is used in various fields of culture, and in this article we will consider in the literature. Despite the fact that for many years this issue has been studied by literary scholars, folklorists, all the same there is no single theoretical definition of the concept. Keywords: folklore, folklorism, literature, culture, written literature, fiction, settled people, proverbs and sayings, folk songs.

Sifat-sifat Submodul Prima dan Submodul Prima Lemah

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Hisyam Ihsan ◽  
Muhammad Abdy ◽  
Samsu Alam B
Keyword(s):  
Prime Ideal ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Prime Submodules ◽  
Unitary Module ◽  
Prime Submodule ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kajian pustaka yang bertujuan untuk mengkaji sifat-sifat submodul prima dan submodul prima lemah serta hubungan antara keduanya. Kajian dimulai dari definisi submodul prima dan submodul prima lemah, selanjutnya dikaji mengenai sifat-sifat dari keduanya. Pada penelitian ini, semua ring yang diberikan adalah ring komutatif dengan unsur kesatuan dan modul yang diberikan adalah modul uniter. Sebagai hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh beberapa pernyataan yang ekuivalen, misalkan  suatu -modul ,  submodul sejati di  dan ideal di , maka ketiga pernyataan berikut ekuivalen, (1)  merupakan submodul prima, (2) Setiap submodul tak nol dari   -modul memiliki annihilator yang sama, (3) Untuk setiap submodul  di , subring  di , jika berlaku  maka  atau . Di lain hal, pada submodul prima lemah jika diberikan  suatu -modul,  submodul sejati di , maka pernyataan berikut ekuivalen, yaitu (1) Submodul  merupakan submodul prima lemah, (2) Untuk setiap , jika  maka . Selain itu, didapatkan pula hubungan antara keduanya, yaitu setiap submodul prima merupakan submodul prima lemah.Kata Kunci: Submodul Prima, Submodul Prima Lemah, Ideal Prima. This research is literature study that aims to examine the properties of prime submodules and weakly prime submodules and the relationship between  both of them. The study starts from the definition of prime submodules and weakly prime submodules, then reviewed about the properties both of them. Throughout this paper all rings are commutative with identity and all modules are unitary. As the result of this research, obtained several equivalent statements, let  be a -module,  be a proper submodule of  and  ideal of , then the following three statetments are equivalent, (1)  is a prime submodule, (2) Every nonzero submodule of   -module has the same annihilator, (3) For any submodule  of , subring  of , if  then  or . In other case, for weakly prime submodules, if given  is a unitary -module,  be a proper submodule of , then the following statements are equivalent, (1)  is a weakly prime submodule, (2) For any , if  then . In addition, also found the relationship between both of them, i.e. any prime submodule is weakly prime submodule.Keywords: Prime Submodules, Weakly Prime Submdules, Prime Ideal.

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