Selection of synthetic receptors capable of sensing the difference in binding of d-Ala-d-Ala or d-Ala-d-Lac ligands by screening of a combinatorial CTV-based library

The construction and selection of a suitable bijective function, that is, substitution, is now becoming an important applied task, particularly for building block encryption systems. Many articles have suggested using different approaches to determining the quality of substitution, but most of them are highly computationally complex. The solution of this problem will significantly expand the range of methods for constructing and analyzing scheme in information protection systems. The purpose of research is to find easily measurable characteristics of substitutions, allowing to evaluate their quality, and also measures of the proximity of a particular substitutions to a random one, or its distance from it. For this purpose, several characteristics were proposed in this work: difference and polynomial, and their mathematical expectation was found, as well as variance for the difference characteristic. This allows us to make a conclusion about its quality by comparing the result of calculating the characteristic for a particular substitution with the calculated mathematical expectation. From a computational point of view, the thesises of the article are of exceptional interest due to the simplicity of the algorithm for quantifying the quality of bijective function substitutions. By its nature, the operation of calculating the difference characteristic carries out a simple summation of integer terms in a fixed and small range. Such an operation, both in the modern and in the prospective element base, is embedded in the logic of a wide range of functional elements, especially when implementing computational actions in the optical range, or on other carriers related to the field of nanotechnology.

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Age-dependency in mortality of Finnish family caregivers: a nationwide register-based study

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1191 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

T M Mikkola ◽

H Kautiainen ◽

M Mänty ◽

M B von Bonsdorff ◽

T Kröger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Family Caregivers ◽

Family Caregiver ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Lower Mortality ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

The Difference ◽

Caregiver Role ◽

Selection Of

Abstract Purpose Mortality appears to be lower in family caregivers than in the general population. However, there is lack of knowledge whether the difference in mortality between family caregivers and the general population is dependent on age. The purpose of this study was to analyze all-cause mortality in relation to age in family caregivers and to study their cause-specific mortality using data from multiple Finnish national registers. Methods The data included all individuals, who received family caregiver's allowance in Finland in 2012 (n = 42 256, mean age 67 years, 71% women) and a control population matched for age, sex, and municipality of residence (n = 83 618). Information on dates and causes of death between 2012 and 2017 were obtained from the Finnish Causes of Death Register. Flexible parametric survival modeling and competing risk regression adjusted for socioeconomic status were used. Results The total follow-up time was 717 877 person-years. Family caregivers had lower all-cause mortality than the controls over the follow-up (8.1% vs. 11.6%) both among women (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.61-0.68) and men (HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.70-0.77). Younger adult caregivers had equal or only slightly lower mortality than their controls, but after age 60, the difference increased markedly resulting in over 10% lower mortality in favor of the caregivers in the oldest age groups. Caregivers had lower mortality for all the causes of death studied, namely cardiovascular, cancer, neurological, external, respiratory, gastrointestinal and dementia than the controls. Of these, the lowest was the risk for dementia (subhazard ratio=0.29, 95%CI: 0.25-0.34). Conclusions Older family caregivers have lower mortality than the age-matched controls from the general population while younger caregivers have similar mortality to their peers. This age-dependent advantage in mortality is likely to reflect selection of healthier individuals into the family caregiver role. Key messages The difference in mortality between family caregivers and the age-matched general population varies considerably with age. Advantage in mortality observed in family caregiver studies is likely to reflect the selection of healthier individuals into the caregiver role, which underestimates the adverse effects of caregiving.

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A microfluidic device enabling drug resistance analysis of leukemia cells via coupled dielectrophoretic detection and impedimetric counting

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-92647-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yağmur Demircan Yalçın ◽

Taylan Berkin Töral ◽

Sertan Sukas ◽

Ender Yıldırım ◽

Özge Zorlu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

K562 Cells ◽

Leukemia Cells ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Wild Type ◽

Gene Expressions ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference ◽

Selection Of ◽

Resistant Cells

AbstractWe report the development of a lab-on-a-chip system, that facilitates coupled dielectrophoretic detection (DEP-D) and impedimetric counting (IM-C), for investigating drug resistance in K562 and CCRF-CEM leukemia cells without (immuno) labeling. Two IM-C units were placed upstream and downstream of the DEP-D unit for enumeration, respectively, before and after the cells were treated in DEP-D unit, where the difference in cell count gave the total number of trapped cells based on their DEP characteristics. Conductivity of the running buffer was matched the conductivity of cytoplasm of wild type K562 and CCRF-CEM cells. Results showed that DEP responses of drug resistant and wild type K562 cells were statistically discriminative (at p = 0.05 level) at 200 mS/m buffer conductivity and at 8.6 MHz working frequency of DEP-D unit. For CCRF-CEM cells, conductivity and frequency values were 160 mS/m and 6.2 MHz, respectively. Our approach enabled discrimination of resistant cells in a group by setting up a threshold provided by the conductivity of running buffer. Subsequent selection of drug resistant cells can be applied to investigate variations in gene expressions and occurrence of mutations related to drug resistance.

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Weightage Effect during Back-Calculation of Rock-Mass Quality from the Installed Tunnel Support in Rock-Mass Rating and Tunneling Quality Index System

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9102065 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 2065 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jonguk Kim ◽

Hafeezur Rehman ◽

Wahid Ali ◽

Abdul Muntaqim Naji ◽

Hankyu Yoo

Keyword(s):

Rock Mass ◽

Quality Index ◽

Rock Bolt ◽

Rock Mass Rating ◽

Rock Mass Quality ◽

Back Calculation ◽

The Difference ◽

Bolt Spacing ◽

Q System ◽

Selection Of

In extensively used empirical rock-mass classification systems, the rock-mass rating (RMR) and tunneling quality index (Q) system, rock-mass quality, and tunnel span are used for the selection of rock bolt length and spacing and shotcrete thickness. In both systems, the rock bolt spacing and shotcrete thickness selection are based on the same principle, which is used for the back-calculation of the rock-mass quality. For back-calculation, there is no criterion for the selection of rock-bolt-spacing-based rock-mass quality weightage and shotcrete thickness along with tunnel-span-based rock-mass quality weightage. To determine this weightage effect during the back-calculation, five weightage cases are selected, explained through example, and applied using published data. In the RMR system, the weightage effect is expressed in terms of the difference between the calculated and back-calculated rock-mass quality in the two versions of RMR. In the Q system, the weightage effect is presented in plots of stress reduction factor versus relative block size. The results show that the weightage effect during back-calculation not only depends on the difference in rock-bolt-spacing-based rock-mass quality and shotcrete along with tunnel-span-based rock-mass quality, but also on their corresponding values.

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A Robust Rerank Approach for Feature Selection and Its Application to Pooling-Based GWA Studies

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/860673 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jia-Rou Liu ◽

Po-Hsiu Kuo ◽

Hung Hung

Keyword(s):

Characteristic Curve ◽

Real Data ◽

Tuning Parameter ◽

Practical Implementation ◽

Tuning Parameters ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Feature Based ◽

The Difference ◽

Gwa Studies ◽

Selection Of

Large-p-small-ndatasets are commonly encountered in modern biomedical studies. To detect the difference between two groups, conventional methods would fail to apply due to the instability in estimating variances int-test and a high proportion of tied values in AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) estimates. The significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) may also not be satisfactory, since its performance is sensitive to the tuning parameter, and its selection is not straightforward. In this work, we propose a robust rerank approach to overcome the above-mentioned diffculties. In particular, we obtain a rank-based statistic for each feature based on the concept of “rank-over-variable.” Techniques of “random subset” and “rerank” are then iteratively applied to rank features, and the leading features will be selected for further studies. The proposed re-rank approach is especially applicable for large-p-small-ndatasets. Moreover, it is insensitive to the selection of tuning parameters, which is an appealing property for practical implementation. Simulation studies and real data analysis of pooling-based genome wide association (GWA) studies demonstrate the usefulness of our method.

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Do experienced physiotherapists apply equal magnitude of force during a grade I central pa on the cervical spine?

South African Journal of Physiotherapy ◽

10.4102/sajp.v60i4.191 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. Conradie ◽

E. Smit ◽

M. Louw ◽

M. Prinsloo ◽

L. Loubser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Spine ◽

Spinal Disorders ◽

Joint Mobilization ◽

Treatment Techniques ◽

Average Maximum ◽

Manual Examination ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Posterior Anterior ◽

Selection Of

Background and purpose: Physiotherapists frequently use central posterior-anterior (PA) joint mobilization techniques for assessing and managing spinal disorders. Manual examination findings provide the basis for the selection of treatment techniques. From the literature it is evident that the level of reliability varies when physiotherapists perform different mobilization techniques. Repeatability of mobilization techniques is important for better physiotherapy management. The aim of the study was to determine whether experienced physiotherapists apply equal magnitude of force during a grade I central PA mobilisation technique on the cervical spine. Another aim was to determine the variation in the magnitude of forceapplied by each individual physiotherapist. Subjects: Sample of convenience, consisting of sixteen (n=16) selected qualified physiotherapists with experience inOrthopaedic Manual Therapy.Methods: A grade I central PA was performed on the Flexiforce TM sensors positioned on C6 of the same asymptomatic model to measure the applied magnitude of force. Two separate measurements, each lasting 30-seconds, were obtained.Results: The average maximum peak force applied by the majority of physiotherapists (87.5%) was between 10.95gand 72g. The difference in the forces applied for the two measurements ranged between 0.64g and 24.4g. The BlandAltman scatterplot determined the mean of the difference between measurement one and two, calculated for the group, was zero. When comparing the two measurements, little variation was noted in the forces applied, as well as the coefficient of variation for each physiotherapist.Conclusion and Discussion: Current results demonstrated good intra-therapist and moderate to good inter-therapist repeatability. Further research is required to generalize results.

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Variabilitas Penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Pada Kegiatan Pembelajaran Sejarah Peminatan Kelas X IPS di Kota Depok

SINDANG Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah dan Kajian Sejarah ◽

10.31540/sindang.v2i2.863 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 94-104

Author(s):

Yusuf Budi Prasetya Santosa ◽

Fahmi Hidayat

Keyword(s):

Learning Strategies ◽

Learning Process ◽

Qualitative Methodology ◽

Learning Models ◽

History Teachers ◽

Teachers And Students ◽

History Teacher ◽

The Difference ◽

Teaching Learning ◽

Selection Of

The use of varied learning models by history teachers will facilitate teachers and students in implementing and following the learning process. This study aims to determine the learning process and the use of learning models used by history teachers. This study uses a qualitative methodology with an observation and interview approach conducted at two high schools, Dian Didaktika High School and SMA Negeri 2 Depok. From the results of the study it can be seen, that the history teacher at the two schools has carried out the learning process using a scientific approach. There is no difference in the selection of learning strategies, both of them use the contextual teaching learning model. The difference between the two is in the selection of learning methods, where the history teacher Dian Didaktika uses the method of learning project base learning and the history teacher of SMA Negeri 2 Depok uses a method of learning outside the classroom by visiting museums.

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Pendidikan multikultural untuk membangun bangsa yang nasionalis religius

Jurnal Civics Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan ◽

10.21831/civics.v13i1.11075 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

R. Ibnu Ambarudin

Keyword(s):

Multicultural Education ◽

Multicultural Society ◽

Implementation Phase ◽

Suitable Material ◽

The World ◽

The Future ◽

The Difference ◽

Selection Of

Indonesia is a multicultural country, multiethnic, multi-religious, and multi other things spreaded in the world. Therefore, it needs a wise, appropriate, and effective ways to respond so that the steps taken are not slipped ways and consequently endanger the sustainability of the nation in the future. Multicultural education is required by Indonesia to reduce the occurrence of horizontal conflicts between communities, because of differences in culture, ethnicity, customs, and religion is the emphasizing on learning to appreciate differences and not be regarded as causes of fragmentation. This can be done through selection of suitable material or nuanced tolerance towards all humans in the frame of together and do not emphasize the difference because of the spirit of ideology or their respective groups. Conceptually many religions and beliefs in the shades of multicultural are expected to bring about harmonious relationship, but in the implementation phase are still a lot of gaps between the expectation and realization due to some exclusive-uninded people still in multicultural society.

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SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PEMBAYARAN BEASISWA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE WEIGHTED PRODUCT (WP)

Jurnal Teknologi Informasi YARSI ◽

10.33476/jtiy.v3i1.776 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Evasaria M Sipayung ◽

Yosi Yonata ◽

Chrevita J Rende

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Information System ◽

High School Students ◽

School Students ◽

Or Education ◽

Education Development ◽

Non Profit ◽

Product Method ◽

The Difference ◽

Selection Of

Anak Pelangi Indonesia (API) Foundation is a non-profit foundation that offers scholarship programs for elementary, middle and high school students. This institute is supported by donaturs who give contribution to the Foundation. The donation is processed to be a cost that is used to pay Sumbangan Pembinaan Pendidikan (SPP) or Education Development Donation of each student. Currently, the provision of monthly donor fund is at uncertain amount so that the Foundation needs to determine the students of whom SPP will be firstly paid. However, the funding needs of each student are different due to the different amount of SPP and a giving fine from the school for the tardiness in paying the tuition. From these matters, the Foundation finds it difficult in deciding which students whose the tuition will be paid first. The solution to this problem is to use the four criteria referring to the tuition payment, namely the difference of pay date, fine, rank, and the amount of payment. The four criteria is then given the same integrity which is 25% for each criteria and counted by using Weighted Product (WP) method. The result of this research is an information system to the selection of scholarship payment using Weight Product method that takes the biggest value from the calculation result as a reference in deciding which students of whom SPP will be initially paid in accordance with the current fund condition.

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Strategic Manoeuvring and the Selection of Starting Points in the Pragma-Dialectical Framework

Studies in Logic Grammar and Rhetoric ◽

10.2478/slgr-2014-0013 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 241-249

Author(s):

Gábor Forgács

Keyword(s):

Final Part ◽

Strategic Manoeuvring ◽

Difference Of Opinion ◽

The Difference ◽

Opening Stage ◽

Selection Of

Abstract The article analyzes strategic manoeuvring within the pragmadialectical framework with respect to the selection of starting points in the opening stage to frame the arguments. The Terri Schiavo case is presented, which can provide interesting insights concerning this issue. I would like to show that resolution of the difference of opinion requires the resolution of a subordinate difference of opinion concerning how to label her medical state, and why discussants were not able to resolve this subordinate difference of opinion. After, the conflict that arises between critical reasonableness and rhetorical effectiveness is examined and how strategic manoeuvring aims to resolve this conflict. In the final part of the paper I argue that the problems raised can be dealt with within the framework of pragma-dialectics.

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