scholarly journals Luxembourgish

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gilles ◽  
Jürgen Trouvain
Keyword(s):  
First Language ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
National Language ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Local Language ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
West Germanic ◽  
The Status ◽  
Official Languages ◽  
Grand Duchy

Luxembourgish (local language name: Lëtzebuergesch [ˈlətsəbuəjəʃ], French name: Luxembourgeois, German name: Luxemburgisch) is a small West-Germanic language mainly spoken in the multilingual speech community of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, where it is one of the three official languages alongside German and French. Being the first language of most Luxembourgers it also has the status of the national language (since 1984). Although in its origin Luxembourgish has to be considered as a Central Franconian dialect, it is nowadays regarded by the speech community as a language of its own. As a consequence, German is considered a different language. An official orthographical system has been devised. Luxembourgish is used very frequently in day-to-day oral communication at all social levels; it is very common on local radio and television; it is the only language spoken in parliament sessions and it is also very often used at the workplace. Although the vocabulary of Luxembourgish has a substantial number of loan words from French and German, the morpho-syntax follows Germanic patterns. Luxembourgish today has approximately 400,000 speakers, including many L2 speakers (around 43% of the population does not have the Luxembourgish nationality).

Borders and bridges

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 115-138
Author(s):  
Jette G. Hansen Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Past Research ◽  
National Language ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Language Identity ◽  
The Status ◽  
Official Languages ◽  
1997 Handover

Abstract This study examines the construction of linguistic identities at a time of significant political tension in Hong Kong, with a focus on Hong Kong’s three official languages: Cantonese, the most widely spoken variety of Chinese in Hong Kong; English, the longest serving official language of Hong Kong; and Putonghua, the official language of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), which became an official language in Hong Kong after the 1997 Handover of Hong Kong to PRC rule. Given the current political tensions between Hong Kong and the PRC, particularly in light of grassroots political movements such as the 2014 Umbrella Movement and the ongoing 2019 civil unrest due to the proposed introduction of an extradition treaty between Hong Kong and mainland China, the status of Hong Kong’s three languages is particularly interesting. Past research has primarily focused on the perceived value of these three languages in terms of instrumentality and integrativeness. The current study expands previous research by focusing on how the participants construct a linguistic identity of the self vs. a national language identity for Hong Kong, particularly within or in contrast to a national language identity of the PRC.

scholarly journals Faktor Timbulnya Pengaruh Bahasa Pertama Dalam Mempelajari Bahasa Melayu Sebagai Bahasa Kedua

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Ooi Chwee Hwa ◽  
Vijayaletchumy Subramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
First Language ◽  
Chinese Students ◽  
National Language ◽  
Interaction Theory ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Status ◽  
Language Influence ◽  
Made In

Learning the Malay language as the second language is important among Chinese students. From initial surveys made in SJKC Batu14 Hulu Langat, Selangor, the percentage of Malay language paper decrease in UPSR. These results showed that the Chinese students face problems in learning the Malay language as a second language. Thus, this study aims to analyse factors that contribute to the existence of first language influence among Chinese students while learning Malay language. The sample of the study included 77 Chinese students in standard 4, 5 and 6 who failed in their Malay language examination. The Interaction Theory by Halliday is used. According to Halliday, children master the language because they have a need to interact with members of the public in their environment. This means that the child will interact with the public at an early stage to meet their basic needs. This phenomenon does not occur in the sample. So, the Chinese students who only speak Chinese will not learn the Malay language well, even Chinese influence in learning the Malay language would be more significant. The instrument used in this study was questionnaire. The data collected is calculated in percentages. The results are displayed through tables and graphs with descriptive description. Results from this study showed that there are four factors which contribute to the influence of Chinese language while learning Malay language, which are exercises, environment, interest and attitude. This research is important to the education system, parallel with the government’s efforts to uphold Malay language as the national language, official language and the language of knowledge. Every walks of life in Malaysia should channel their efforts together towards uplifting the status of Malay language in Malaysia. Therefore, Malay language should be mastered by all individuals, including Chinese students in SJKC. ABSTRACT Pembelajaran bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa kedua amat penting dalam kalangan murid Cina. Daripada tinjauan awal yang dibuat di Sekolah Rendah Jenis Kebangsaan Cina (SJKC) Batu 14 Hulu Langat, Selangor, peratus kelulusan kertas pemahaman bahasa Melayu mencatatkan penurunan dalam Ujian Penilaian Sekolah endah (UPSR). Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa murid Cina menghadapi masalah dalam mempelajari bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa kedua. Maka, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan timbulnya pengaruh bahasa pertama dalam mempelajari bahasa Melayu dalam kalangan murid Cina. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada 77 orang murid Cina Tahun 4, 5 dan 6 yang gagal dalam ujian kertas bahasa Melayu. Teori yang digunakan oleh pengkaji ialah teori Interaksi oleh Halliday. Menurut Halliday, kanak-kanak menguasai bahasa kerana mereka mempunyai keperluan untuk berinteraksi dengan ahli masyarakat dalam persekitaran mereka. Ini bermakna, kanak-kanak akan berinteraksi dengan masyarakat pada peringkat awal untuk memenuhi keperluan asasi mereka. Fenomena ini tidak terjadi pada sampel kajian. Oleh itu, murid Cina yang hanya bertutur dalam bahasa Cina tidak akan mempelajari bahasa Melayu dengan baik, malah pengaruh bahasa Cina dalam mempelajari bahasa Melayu akan lebih ketara. Alat kajian yang digunakan dalam kajian ini ialah borang soal selidik. Data-data yang dikumpul dikira dalam bentuk peratusan. Dapatan kajian dipaparkan melalui jadual dan graf berserta huraian deskriptif. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa terdapat empat faktor yang menyebabkan timbulnya pengaruh bahasa Cina dalam pembelajaran bahasa Melayu, iaitu latihan, persekitaran, minat dan sikap. Kajian ini penting kepada sistem pendidikan dalam usaha kerajaan untuk memartabatkan bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa kebangsaan, bahasa rasmi dan bahasa ilmu. Setiap lapisan masyarakat di Malaysia harus bergerak seiring ke arah meningkatkan taraf bahasa Melayu di Malaysia. Justeru, bahasa Melayu harus dikuasai oleh semua individu, termasuk murid Cina di SJKC.

scholarly journals POLA SUKU KATA BAHASA LISABATA [Lisabata Syllabe Pattern Language]

TOTOBUANG ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Erniati Erniati
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
First Language ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Pattern Language ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Border Area ◽  
Local Language ◽  
Younger Generation

The language of Lisabata is used as the first language by native speakers of the Lisabata community on Seram Island, Maluku, precisely in the border area of West Seram and East Seram, West Lisabata Village, Nualiali Village, Desa Sukaraja, and Kawa Village. SIL (2006: 16—17) identified this language as the dialect of dialect, the dialect of the Eastern Lisabata, Nuniani, Sukaraja, and Kawa, Austronesian classes. Until now, the language of Lisabata has  still been used as an oral communication tool by certain circles in life community speakers. Nevertheless, the language of Lisabata can be categorized as an almost extinct local language, since there has no inheritance process to the younger generation. To prevent this, it is necessary to make a variety of rescue efforts that one of them through research. This research provided an overview of the pattern of the Lisabata language syllables. This study aimed to describe the pattern of the Lisabata syllable, the Eastern Lisabata dialect. The method used  descriptive qualitative method. Data was obtained from the direct speech of the native speakers of the language and speakers who were considered capable. The results showed that the Lisabata syllabic pattern consists of V, VK, KV,  KVK, VKV, KKVK, , 1 / 2KV.Bahasa Lisabata dipakai sebagai bahasa pertama oleh penutur asli masyarakat Lisabata di Pulau Seram, Maluku, tepatnya di daerah perbatasan Seram Barat dan Seram Timur, Desa Lisabata Barat,  Desa Nualiali, Desa Sukaraja,  dan Desa Kawa. SIL (2006:16—17) mengidentifikasi bahasa ini sebagai bahasa dengan tempat dialeknya, yaitu dialek Lisabata Timur, Nuniani, Sukaraja, dan Kawa, kelas Austronesia. Hingga saaat ini, bahasa Lisabata masih digunakan sebagai alat komunikasi secara lisan oleh kalangan tertentu dalam kehidupan masyarakat penuturnya. Meskipun demikian, bahasa Lisabata dapat dikategorikan sebagai bahasa daerah yang hampir punah, karena tidak ada proses pewarisan kepada generasi mudanya.  Untuk mencegah hal tersebut, perlu dilakukan berbagai upaya penyelamatan yang salah satu diantaranya melalui penelitian. Penelitian ini memberikan gambaran tentang pola suku kata bahasa Lisabata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan pola suku kata bahasa Lisabata, dialek Lisabata Timur. Metode yang digunakan adalah meode kualitatif deskriptif. Data diperoleh dari ucapan langsung penutur asli bahasa tersebut dan penutur yang dianggap mampu. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pola suku kata bahasa Lisabata terdiri atas V,VK, KV, KVK, VKV, KKVK, 1/2KV,.

scholarly journals Language Policy in Switzerland

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Kużelewska
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
National Language ◽  
German Language ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Federal Constitution ◽  
The Status ◽  
Official Languages ◽  
Recent Project ◽  
National Languages

Abstract Switzerland is often referred to as a success story for handling its linguistic and cultural diversity. Traditionally four languages have been spoken in relatively homogeneous territories: German, French, Italian and Rhaeto- Romanic (Romansh). The first three have been national languages since the foundation of the Confederation in 1848; the fourth became a national language in 1938. In effect, The Law on Languages, in effect since 2010, has regulated the use and promotion of languages and enhanced the status of Romansh as one of the official languages since 2010. While Swiss language policy is determined at the federal level, it is in the actual practice a matter for cantonal implementation. Article 70 of the Swiss Federal Constitution, titled “Languages”, enshrines the principle of multilingualism. A recent project to create legislation to implement multilingualism across the cantons, however, has failed. Thus Switzerland remains de jure quadrilingual, but de facto bilingual at best, with only a handful of cantons recognizing more than one official language (Newman, 2006: 2). Cantonal borders are not based on language: the French-German language border runs across cantons during most of its course from north to south, and such is also the case for Italian.

Counterlanguage powermoves in African American women’s language practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcyliena H. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Language Practice ◽  
The Status ◽  
Linguistic Power ◽  
The Many

This essay considers some of the insight we have gathered about language, feminism, racism and power. In many respects, it celebrates the linguistic power of the many theories about how Black women navigate intersectionality where racism and sexism intermingle, suggesting that our analyses should always recognise that a lethal combination of factors are in play. Black women, in particular, actively insist on forms of language and discourse that both represent and create their world through words, expressions and verbal routines that are created within and outside of the African American speech community to confront injustice. One example involves the verb ‘play,’ which I argue often functions as a power statement or ‘powermove’ that demands respect while presenting a threat to the status quo. This use of ‘play’ is the opposite of inconsequential games of play or joking.

Code-Switching and Code Mixing in the Selected Tracks of the Hip Hop Music of Flavour and 9ice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
Balogun Sarah ◽  
Murana Muniru Oladayo
Keyword(s):  
Hip Hop ◽  
English Language ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
First Language ◽  
Music Industry ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
National Language ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Unique Identity

This article attempts a comparative analysis of code-switching and code-mixing in the Nigerian music industry, using the lyrics of Flavour and 9ice as a case study. Although the English language is the national language in Nigeria and the language used by most of the musicians for the composition of their songs, and due to the linguistic plurality of Nigeria, most of these musicians tend to lace their songs chunks of words and phrases from their mother tongue or at least one of the three major languages in Nigeria, which are Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. The Markedness Model by Myers-Scotton (1993) is used as the framework to interrogate the switching and mixing in the codes used by these selected musicians and we find that while most code-switching is done in three languages – English, Nigerian Pidgin and the artist’ first language (mother tongue)  – their mother tongue plays the prominent role. Code-switching or code-mixing in these songs, therefore, becomes a depiction of the Nigerian state with its diverse languages and it provides the links between the literates and the illiterates thereby giving the artiste the popularity desired. The study concludes that the unique identity created by code-switching and code-mixing in the Nigerian music industry has a positive influence on music lovers, helping artists to achieve wide patronage and reflecting the ethnolinguistic diversity of the Nigerian nation.

The Status of Arabic in Israel: Refiections on the Power of Law to Produce Social Change

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilan Saban ◽  
Muhammad Amara
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
The State ◽  
French Language ◽  
The Status ◽  
Official Languages ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Ethnic Nation ◽  
State Of Israel

AbstractThe status of Arabic in Israel gives rise to question. Israel is a rare case of an ethnic nation-state that grants the language of minority group with a legal status which isprima facieone of equality. Both Hebrew and Arabic are the official languages of the State of Israel. What are the reasons for this special state of affairs? The answer is threefold: historic, sociological and legal. In various ways the potential inherent in the legal status of Arabic has been depleted of content, and as a result of that, as well as other reasons, the socio-political status of Arabic closely resembles what you would expect the status of a language of a minority group in a state that identifies itself as the state of the majority group to be. This answer, however, is another source of puzzlement – how does such a dissonance between law and practice evolve, what perpetuates it for so long, is change possible, is it to be expected?We present an analysis of the legal status of Arabic in Israel and at the same time we proceed to try and answer the questions regarding the gap between the legal and the sociopolitical status of Arabic. We reach some of our answers through a comparison with the use of law to change the status of the French language in Canada. One of these answers is that given the present constellation in Israel, the sociopolitical status of Arabic cannot meaningfully be altered by legal means.

scholarly journals Legislative regulation of linguistic relationships in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 127-144
Author(s):  
Iuliya Makarets
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Support ◽  
National Language ◽  
State Legislation ◽  
World Community ◽  
Linguistic Model ◽  
Legislative Regulation ◽  
The Status ◽  
State Language

The article focuses on the issue of legislative regulation of linguistic relationships in Ukraine. The ability of a national language to function as a means of consolidation and national identification depends to a large extent on state linguistic policy, political support that the language receives. The state legislation on language is indicative in this regard while it establishes the status of languages, the linguistic model and the linguistic regime. In accordance with the Constitution of Ukraine, the Ukrainian language is a state language in Ukraine. The dynamics of the Ukrainian legislation on languages illustrates the inconsistency of the implementation of this constitutional norm. The article analyzes the milestones of its formation. The content of the basic laws in the sphere of linguistic relationships (Law of the USSR ‘On Languages in the Ukrainian SSR’ (1989), the Law of Ukraine ‘On the Principles of the State Language Policy’ (2012), which is invalid now, and the new Law of Ukraine ‘On the Functioning of the Ukrainian Language as a State Language’ (2019)), the socio-political tendencies, that preceded their adoption, their evaluation by tpublic and world community as well as their consequences for linguistic situation in Ukraine are described. The possibility of official bilingualism approving is studied. The article analyzes historical, cultural and political preconditions for the adoption of official bi- or multilingualism by other states, acceptability of this linguistic model for Ukraine and possibility to overcome existing linguistic contradictions.

scholarly journals A Bridge to Portugal: Language and Identity in Bridgeport, CT

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-140
Author(s):  
Fabio Scetti
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
American English ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Language And Identity ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Status

Here I present the results of BridgePORT, an ethnographic study I carried out in 2018 within the Portuguese community of Bridgeport, CT (USA). I describe language use and representation among Portuguese speakers within the community, and I investigate the integration of these speakers into the dominant American English speech community. Through my fieldwork, I observe mixing practices in day-to-day interaction, while I also consider the evolution of the Portuguese language in light of language contact and speakers’ discourse as this relates to ideologies about the status of Portuguese within the community. My findings rely on questionnaires, participant observation of verbal interaction, and semi-structured interviews. My aim is to show how verbal practice shapes the process of identity construction and how ideas of linguistic “purity” mediate the maintenance of a link to Portugal and Portuguese identity.

scholarly journals Kata-kata Serapan Bahasa Belanda pada Bahasa Melayu-Manado (Kajian Morfologi dan Leksikologi)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingkan Luciawati Sompi ◽  
Golda Juliet Tulung ◽  
Djeinnie Imbang
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Dutch Language ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The City ◽  
Central Sulawesi ◽  
Dutch People

This research Design entitled ”Loanwords from Dutch  on Manadonese Malay – a Study of Morphology and Lexicology”is a descriptive analysis. It tends to describe the words in Manadonese Malay, especially adopted words from Dutch. Loanwords or adopted words or borrowing words are words adopted by the speakers of one language from the source language. This is the process of speakers adopting words from a source language into their native language. The words simply come to be used by a speech community when they speak  different language, in this case Manadonese Malay. Dutch is the language spoken by Dutch people, especially The Old Dutch who formerly used by Dutch colonialists in Indonesia. Manadonese Malay is spoken in the population of the city of Manado, Bitung, Tomohon, Minahasa districts and surrounding areas. It has similarities with the dialect in Central Sulawesi and Molluca. Most of the words in Manadonese Malay are almost the same in Indonesian, which is the Malay. It is only used for oral communication, there is no standard orthography/writing never ratified.Keywords: Loanwords, Dutch Language and Manado-Malay Language.

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