The Health Impact Fund: Boosting Pharmaceutical Innovation Without Obstructing Free Access

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS POGGE
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Political Reform ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Global Poverty ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Potential Exploitation

In an earlier piece in these pages,1 I described the health effects of the still massive problem of global poverty: The poor worldwide face greater environmental hazards than the rest of us, from contaminated water, filth, pollution, worms, and insects. They are exposed to greater dangers from people around them, through traffic, crime, communicable diseases, sexual violence, and potential exploitation by the more affluent. They lack means to protect themselves and their families against such hazards, through clean water, nutritious food, satisfactory hygiene, necessary rest, adequate clothing, and safe shelter. They lack the means to enforce their legal rights or to press for political reform.

DAMPAK PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH PADA KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DI TPA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilda Emilda
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
The People ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
The Impact

The limitations of waste management in the Cipayung Landfill (TPA) causing a buildup of garbage up to more than 30 meters. This condition has a health impact on people in Cipayung Village. This study aims to analyze the impact of waste management at Cipayung Landfill on public health in Cipayung Village, Depok City. The research is descriptive qualitative. Data obtained by purposive sampling. Data was collected by interviews, observation and documentation. Based on interviews with 30 respondents, it was found that the most common diseases were diarrhea, then other types of stomach ailments, subsequent itching on the skin and coughing. This is presumably because the environmental conditions in the form of unhealthy air and water and clean and healthy living behaviors (PHBS) have not become the habit of the people. The results indicated that there were no respondents who had implemented all of these criteria. In general respondents have implemented  3 criteria, namely maintaining hair hygiene, maintaining skin cleanliness, and maintaining hand hygiene. While maintaining clean water storage is the most often overlooked behavior. To minimize this health impact, improvements in waste management in Cipayung landfill are needed along with continuous socialization and education to develop PHBS habits and the importance of maintaining a clean environment.

MASALAH DAN ALTERNATIF TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN AIR UNTUK MASYARAKAT MISKIN KOTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie Herlambang
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Daily Water

Clean water to poor communities who live in crowded municipal area is stillexpensive and a luxury. This condition is evidenced by the number of people whouse ground water for their daily water, because water taps still seems expensivefor them. Diarrheal disease is still relatively high for Indonesia, where nearly 16thousand people suffer from diarrhea due to poor sanitation. To help the poor inthe city, there are several alternative technologies that can be applied to publicaccess to clean water and adequate low-cost, including ground water treatmenttechnology with a filter system equipped with an ultraviolet sterilizer, or ozonegenerators, or using ultrafiltration, if possible can also use the reverse osmosismembrane that for fresh water. Arsinum is the best alternative should be chosenfor fulfilled potable water in slump area.Keywords : Sanitation, water treatment technology, portable water, low-cost, slump area

scholarly journals Curcumin and Its Potential Impact on Microbiota

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2004
Author(s):  
Marzena Jabczyk ◽  
Justyna Nowak ◽  
Bartosz Hudzik ◽  
Barbara Zubelewicz-Szkodzińska
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Poor Solubility ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Bidirectional Interactions

Curcumin is one of the most frequently researched herbal substances; however, it has been reported to have a poor bioavailability and fast metabolism, which has led to doubts about its effectiveness. Curcumin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and has demonstrated favorable health effects. Nevertheless, well-reported in vivo pharmacological activities of curcumin are limited by its poor solubility, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetic profile. The bidirectional interactions between curcumin and gut microbiota play key roles in understanding the ambiguity between the bioavailability and biological activity of curcumin, including its wider health impact.

scholarly journals Extreme heat in India and anthropogenic climate change

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 365-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geert Jan van Oldenborgh ◽  
Sjoukje Philip ◽  
Sarah Kew ◽  
Michiel van Weele ◽  
Peter Uhe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Decadal Variability ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Heat Index ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Surface Cooling

Abstract. On 19 May 2016 the afternoon temperature reached 51.0 °C in Phalodi in the northwest of India – a new record for the highest observed maximum temperature in India. The previous year, a widely reported very lethal heat wave occurred in the southeast, in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, killing thousands of people. In both cases it was widely assumed that the probability and severity of heat waves in India are increasing due to global warming, as they do in other parts of the world. However, we do not find positive trends in the highest maximum temperature of the year in most of India since the 1970s (except spurious trends due to missing data). Decadal variability cannot explain this, but both increased air pollution with aerosols blocking sunlight and increased irrigation leading to evaporative cooling have counteracted the effect of greenhouse gases up to now. Current climate models do not represent these processes well and hence cannot be used to attribute heat waves in this area. The health effects of heat are often described better by a combination of temperature and humidity, such as a heat index or wet bulb temperature. Due to the increase in humidity from irrigation and higher sea surface temperatures (SSTs), these indices have increased over the last decades even when extreme temperatures have not. The extreme air pollution also exacerbates the health impacts of heat. From these factors it follows that, from a health impact point of view, the severity of heat waves has increased in India. For the next decades we expect the trend due to global warming to continue but the surface cooling effect of aerosols to diminish as air quality controls are implemented. The expansion of irrigation will likely continue, though at a slower pace, mitigating this trend somewhat. Humidity will probably continue to rise. The combination will result in a strong rise in the temperature of heat waves. The high humidity will make health effects worse, whereas decreased air pollution would decrease the impacts.

scholarly journals A Critical Analysis of Legal Aid in Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Md. Nannu Mian ◽  
Md. Mamunur Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Legal Knowledge ◽  
Legal Aid ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
The Government

Legal aid is essentially a mechanism that enables the poor and the vulnerable sectors of the society to be able to enforce their legal rights in order to access a fair and equitable justice in the society. Nowadays, a legal aid can be justifiably said as a crying need to ensure social and legal justice in Bangladesh because most of the citizens are illiterate and they live below the poverty line which incidentally makes matters worse. Due to their financial crisis or lack of legal knowledge they are often precluded to access justice. In recognizing the legal aid as a right, the government has enacted some laws. However, unfortunately those laws are full of weaknesses, loopholes, and procedural complexities which have to be judiciously addressed in the proper legal perspectives. As a matter of fact, legally speaking, much has been said and done, but ironically not much has been practiced. Due to these ever unsettling defects, the ultimate objectives of those laws have frequently failed to ensure enjoyment of the legal aid services among the vulnerable sectors of the society. In this research, an attempt has been made to analyze and find out numerous legal the gaps, loopholes and complexities of the existing laws relating to legal aid services in Bangladesh and frame out a comprehensive solution for ensuring the aid program by adopting the qualitative and the analytical research methods.

scholarly journals Analisis Kualitas Air Hujan Sebagai Sumber Air Minum Terhadap Kesehatan Masyarakat (Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Bangko Bagansiapiapi)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Khairil Anuar ◽  
Adrianto Ahmad ◽  
Sukendi Sukendi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Public Drinking Water

This study was conducted from May 2013 - May 2014. Locations research wasconducted in the District of Bangko Bagansiapiapi. This study aims to determine the qualityof rainwater as a source of public drinking water in the District of Bangko Bagansiapiapi,knowing the health effects of consuming rainwater as drinking water and contribute ideas forthe Government of Rokan Hilir to be able to hold clean water for the people of the District ofBangko Local Government of Rokan Hilir . The results were obtained as follows: (1). Thequality of rainwater in the study site based on the results of laboratory parameters in terms ofinorganic chemistry, physical parameters, chemical parameters still below the drinking waterquality standards that are required by Minister Regulation No. 492 / Menkes / Per / IV / 2010showed that the rain water at the study site that rain water can be consumed by the public andis not harmful to health. 

Pesticide Contaminated Drinking Water and Health Effects on Pregnant Women and Children

2019 ◽  
pp. 123-136
Author(s):  
Sanjeevi Ramakrishnan ◽  
Anuradha Jayaraman
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water ◽  
Women And Children

In the recent years, pesticide research and regulatory efforts have focused on the prevention of acute health effects from pesticide poisonings and pesticide residues on foods, but more attention is being given to the deleterious chronic health effects. Children and pregnant women's exposure to contaminated water in particular are at high risk for subsequent adverse health outcomes. The chapter summaries the health effects of water contamination.

scholarly journals Determination of Filtration and Purification System for Flood Water Filter

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.15) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Nurul Aini Kamarudin ◽  
Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin ◽  
Rosalan Umar ◽  
Abdul Rahman Hassan ◽  
Fathurrahman Lananan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganism ◽  
Flood Water ◽  
Water Filter ◽  
Dirty Water ◽  
Water Problem ◽  
Purification System ◽  
Water Well

Water is one of the basic needs which essential to life but cannot take it easy, it becomes more concern when a flood, there is plenty of dirty water than clean water, and the sources of the water are not approved to use. There are many kinds of waterborne pathogens which can donate diseases also death if not treating the water well before use. The treatment can be utilized based on the size of the microorganism. By identifying the size of the smallest bacteria will make easier to find the filtration based on the size of filter pores and other processes to ensure all the bacteria is removed and the water safe to use. Even there are many kinds of bacteria or microorganisms in the contaminated water, but the pathogens need to deal. The water will become clean and safe to use when the colour is clear and there is any pathogenic microorganism in there. This study is to ensure water is clean from pathogen after the flood water is filtered by know for sure the organism’s size and to overcome the lack of clean water problem during the flood and others purpose. 

A photothermal and Fenton active MOF-based membrane for high-efficiency solar water evaporation and clean water production

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (43) ◽  
pp. 22728-22735
Author(s):  
Xu Ma ◽  
Zheng Deng ◽  
Zhuoyi Li ◽  
Danke Chen ◽  
Xinyi Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Evaporation Process ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Solar Water

A Fenton active Zr–Fc MOF-based membrane was designed for efficiently producing clean water from VOC contaminated water via the solar evaporation process.

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