scholarly journals Traditional African remedies induce hemolysis in a glucose-6-phopshate dehydrogenase deficient zebrafish model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufunmilayo Arogbokun ◽  
Margaret Shevik ◽  
Tina Slusher ◽  
Zubaida Farouk ◽  
Alexis Elfstrum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
G6pd Deficiency ◽  
Newborn Health ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Herbal Tea ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Eucalyptus Oil ◽  
Traditional Remedies ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Traditional remedies are widely used throughout Africa in routine care for infants. However, such remedies could have detrimental effects. Acute bilirubin encephalopathy (ABE) and kernicterus spectrum disorder (KSD) are common newborn health conditions in the developing world, contributing to substantial neonatal mortality and morbidity. They frequently occur in children with glucose-6-phopshate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Using our established zebrafish model of G6PD deficiency, we tested the effects of three traditional compounds used in the care of the newborn umbilical cord: eucalyptus oil, methylated spirits, and Yoruba herbal tea. We found that eucalyptus oil induced a 13.4% increase in a hemolytic phenotype versus control, while methylated spirits showed a 39.7% increase in affected phenotype. Yoruba herbal tea exposure showed no effect. While methylated spirits are already a known pro-oxidant, these data indicate that eucalyptus oil may also be a hemolytic trigger in those with G6PD deficiency. Discovering which agents may contribute to the pathophysiology of G6PD deficiency is critical to eliminate ABE and KSD, especially in countries with a high prevalence of G6PD deficiency. The next step in elucidating the role of these agents is to determine the clinical correlation between the use of these agents and ABE/KSD.

scholarly journals Establishment of a stable zg6pdM118-144 transgenic zebrafish model of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Xiong Xia ◽  
Yan-Hua Zhou ◽  
Yuan-Yuan Tuo ◽  
Ping-Ping Ren ◽  
Jin Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
G6pd Deficiency ◽  
Genetic Defect ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Transgenic Zebrafish ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
Malaria Therapy ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

AbstractGlucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, the most common genetic defect and enzymopathy with a wide distribution and increased public health concern, predisposes subjects succumb to oxidative stress. G6PD deficiency has been associated with hemolysis. Clinically, G6PD deficiency is asymptomatic and the clinical manifestations occur with the exposure to certain agents. Due to the lack of suitable animal models that can predict the clinical hemolytic potential of drugs, it needs an appropriate research model to fully recapitulate the manifestations of G6PD deficiency in clinic, to optimize the malaria therapy and promote anti-malarias development. The present study has displayed a stable transgenic Tg(zgata1-g6pdM118-144-egfp) zebrafish model with G6PD deficiency which mimics the clinical features of G6PD deficiency phenotypically and functionally. The findings showed that there was an inadequate level of reduced GSH in the transgenic Tg(zgata1-g6pdM118-144-egfp) zebrafish line in the presence or absence of α-naphthol, compared to the wildtype zebrafish, indicating an attenuation of g6pd activity in the transgenic zebrafish line. In addition, the observations show that there is a less abundance of g6pd in the transgenic Tg(zgata1-g6pdM118-144-egfp) zebrafish line. On the other hand, there is no morphological abnormality in the transgenic Tg(zgata1-g6pdM118-144-egfp) zebrafish line. Taken together, our work has delivered a novel stable transgenic zebrafish model of G6PD deficiency that will facilitate the mechanistic and functional elucidation for the role of G6PD in erythrocytic pathophysiology. This model will promote the translational research for the drug development, in particular, for anti-malarias development.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DE CONHECIMENTO PRÉVIO SOBRE A DOENÇA FALCIFORME ENTRE PARTICIPANTES DE SEMINÁRIO DE ODONTOLOGIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilanna Jamile De Souza Castro ◽  
Emanuel Braga Rêgo ◽  
Diane Vasconcelos de Santana Oliveira ◽  
André Wilson Machado ◽  
Cristiano Augusto Trein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Public Higher Education ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is responsible for high mortality and morbidity in Brazil. It is known that SCD promotes several oral manifestations and impacts directly on the dental treatment approach. However, there is little information concerning the dentists’ prior knowledge about the illness. The aim of the present study is to assess the level of knowledge and the profile of different respondents, by means of a questionnaire applied during the seminar “O papel da Odontologia no contexto da atenção integral à DF” hosted in a dental course of a public higher education institution. The results of the present study have shown that, in general, the majority of the respondents stated that they have insufficient information about SCD, in spite of the great interest in learning. It was also found a greater interest among the graduated dentists, probably due to the fact that they have already experienced the treatment on SCD patient, since Bahia State presents the greater prevalence of the disease in Brazil. In this context, it seems clear that there is a lack of information and many doubts about the role of dentistry in the health care of patients with SCD. High prevalence diseases in Brazil should be addressed with depth more often in dentistry higher education programs. Better treatment approaches and protocols for dental care of patients with SCD are antecipated.

High prevalence of lower extremity peripheral artery disease in type 2 diabetes patients with diabetic nephropathy and the role of netrin-1 levels

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Kor ◽  
Suleyman Baldane ◽  
Suleyman Hilmi Ipekci ◽  
Kamile Marakoglu ◽  
Ali Altinok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Peripheral Artery Disease ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Diabetes Patients

scholarly journals Anti-phospholipid syndrome and COVID-19 thrombosis: connecting the dots

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moon Ley Tung ◽  
Bryce Tan ◽  
Robin Cherian ◽  
Bharatendu Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Molecular Mimicry ◽  
Thromboembolic Events ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Connecting The Dots ◽  
Anti Phospholipid Syndrome

Abstract As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading rapidly worldwide, it has emerged as a leading cause of mortality, resulting in >1 million deaths over the past 10 months. The pathophysiology of COVID-19 remains unclear, posing a great challenge to the medical management of patients. Recent studies have reported an unusually high prevalence of thromboembolic events in COVID-19 patients, although the mechanism remains elusive. Several studies have reported the presence of aPLs in COVID-19 patients. We have noticed similarities between COVID-19 and APS, which is an autoimmune prothrombotic disease that is often associated with an infective aetiology. Molecular mimicry and endothelial dysfunction could plausibly explain the mechanism of thrombogenesis in acquired APS. In this review, we discuss the clinicopathological similarities between COVID-19 and APS, and the potential role of therapeutic targets based on the anti-phospholipid model for COVID-19 disease.

scholarly journals Revisiting Konzo Risk Factors in Three Areas Differently Affected by Spastic Paraparesis in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo Discloses a Prominent Role of the Nutritional Status—A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2628
Author(s):  
Marius Baguma ◽  
Espoir Bwenge Malembaka ◽  
Esto Bahizire ◽  
Germain Zabaday Mudumbi ◽  
Dieudonné Bahati Shamamba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cyanide Poisoning ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

This comparative cross-sectional study aimed to better understand the respective contributions of protein malnutrition and cassava-derived cyanide poisoning in the development of konzo. We compared data on nutritional status and cyanide exposure of school-age adolescent konzo-diseased patients to those of non-konzo subjects of similar age from three areas in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Our results show that konzo patients had a high prevalence of both wasting (54.5%) and stunting (72.7%), as well as of cyanide poisoning (81.8%). Controls from Burhinyi and those from Idjwi showed a similar profile with a low prevalence of wasting (3.3% and 6.5%, respectively) and intermediate prevalence of stunting (26.7% and 23.9%, respectively). They both had a high prevalence of cyanide poisoning (50.0% and 63.0%, respectively), similar to konzo-patients. On the other hand, controls from Bukavu showed the lowest prevalence of both risk factors, namely chronic malnutrition (12.1%) and cyanide poisoning (27.6%). In conclusion, cassava-derived cyanide poisoning does not necessarily coexist with konzo outbreaks. The only factor differentiating konzo patients from healthy individuals exposed to cyanide poisoning appeared to be their worse nutritional status. This further suggests that, besides the known role of cyanide poisoning in the pathogenesis of konzo, malnutrition may be a key factor for the disease occurrence.

scholarly journals A zebrafish model of infection-associated acute kidney injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (2) ◽  
pp. F291-F299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Wen ◽  
Liyan Cui ◽  
Seth Morrisroe ◽  
Donald Maberry ◽  
David Emlet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Edwardsiella Tarda ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
Pericardial Edema ◽  
Kidney Injury Molecule 1 ◽  
Dose Dependent

Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (S-AKI) independently predicts mortality among critically ill patients. The role of innate immunity in this process is unclear, and there is an unmet need for S-AKI models to delineate the pathophysiological response. Mammals and zebrafish ( Danio rerio) share a conserved nephron structure and homologous innate immune systems, making the latter suitable for S-AKI research. We introduced Edwardsiella tarda to the zebrafish. Systemic E. tarda bacteremia resulted in sustained bacterial infection and dose-dependent mortality. A systemic immune reaction was characterized by increased mRNA expressions of il1b, tnfa, tgfb1a, and cxcl8-l1 ( P < 0.0001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.01, respectively). Increase of host stress response genes ccnd1 and tp53 was observed at 24 h postinjection ( P < 0.0001 and P < 0.05, respectively). Moderate E. tarda infection induced zebrafish mortality of over 50% in larvae and 20% in adults, accompanied by pericardial edema in larvae and renal dysfunction in both larval and adult zebrafish. Expression of AKI markers insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-7 (IGFBP7), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP-2), and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) was found to be significantly increased in the septic animals at the transcription level ( P < 0.01, P < 0.05, and P < 0.05) and in nephric tubules compared with noninfected animals. In conclusion, we established a zebrafish model of S-AKI induced by E. tarda injection, with both larval and adult zebrafish showing nephron injury in the setting of infection.

Prediction of pre-eclampsia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1753495X2098401
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Giannakou
Keyword(s):  
Early Recognition ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Maternal Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Individual

Pre-eclampsia is a leading cause of neonatal and maternal mortality and morbidity that complicates approximately 2–8% of all pregnancies worldwide. The precise cause of pre-eclampsia is not completely understood, with several environmental, genetic, and maternal factors involved in its pathogenesis and pathophysiology. An accurate predictor of pre-eclampsia will facilitate early recognition, close surveillance according to the individual risk and early intervention, and reduce the negative consequences of the disorder. Current evidence shows that no single test predicts pre-eclampsia with sufficient accuracy to be clinically useful. A combination of markers into multiparametric models may provide a more useful and feasible predictive tool for pre-eclampsia screening in the routine care setting than a test of either component alone. This review presents a summary of the current advances on prediction of pre-eclampsia, highlighting their performance and applicability. Key priorities when conducting research on predicting pre-eclampsia are also analyzed.

Functional outcome after intracerebral haemorrhage – a review of the potential role of antiapoptotic agents

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abubakar Tijjani Salihu ◽  
Sangu Muthuraju ◽  
Zamzuri Idris ◽  
Abdul Rahman Izaini Ghani ◽  
Jafri Malin Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Intracerebral Haemorrhage ◽  
Neuronal Death ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Multimodality Treatment ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

AbstractIntracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common form of stroke and is associated with greater mortality and morbidity compared with ischaemic stroke. The current ICH management strategies, which mainly target primary injury mechanisms, have not been shown to improve patient’s functional outcome. Consequently, multimodality treatment approaches that will focus on both primary and secondary pathophysiology have been suggested. During the last decade, a proliferation of experimental studies has demonstrated the role of apoptosis in secondary neuronal loss at the periphery of the clot after ICH. Subsequently, the value of certain antiapoptotic agents in reducing neuronal death and improving functional outcome following ICH was evaluated in animal models. Preliminary evidence from those studies strongly supports the potential role of antiapoptotic agents in reducing neuronal death and improving functional outcome after intracerebral haemorrhage. Expectedly, the ongoing and subsequent clinical trials will substantiate these findings and provide clear information on the most potent and safe antiapoptotic agents, their appropriate dosage, and temporal window of action, thereby making them suitable for the multimodality treatment approach.

scholarly journals GENETIC KIDNEY DISEASES AS AN UNDERECOGNIZED CAUSE OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: THE KEY ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL REGISTRY REPORTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roser Torra ◽  
Mónica Furlano ◽  
Alberto Ortiz ◽  
Elisabet Ars
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
Monogenic Diseases ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Incorrect Diagnosis ◽  
Kidney Replacement Therapy

Abstract Inherited kidney diseases (IKDs) are among the leading causes of early-onset chronic kidney disease (CKD) and are responsible for at least 10–15% of cases of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) in adults. Pediatric nephrologists are very aware of the high prevalence of IKDs among their patients, but this is not the case for adult nephrologists. Recent publications have demonstrated that monogenic diseases account for a significant percentage of adult cases of CKD. A substantial number of these patients have received a non-specific/incorrect diagnosis or a diagnosis of CKD of unknown etiology, which precludes correct treatment, follow-up and genetic counseling. There are a number of reasons why genetic kidney diseases are difficult to diagnose in adulthood: a) adult nephrologists, in general, are not knowledgeable about IKDs, b) existence of atypical phenotypes, c) genetic testing is not universally available, d) family history is not always available or may be negative, e) lack of knowledge of various genotype–phenotype relationships, f) conflicting interpretation of the pathogenicity of many sequence variants.

Deep dissecting haematoma in patients with dermatoporosis: implications for home nursing

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (Sup3) ◽  
pp. S6-S13
Author(s):  
Valentina Vanzi ◽  
Elena Toma
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Wound Management ◽  
Home Nursing ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Clinical Emergency

Dermatoporosis is a chronic cutaneous insufficiency/fragility syndrome with a high prevalence in older adults. Dermatoporotic skin becomes thin and fragile and tends to tear. It may lead to deep dissecting haematomas (DDHs) as a final stage of dermatoporosis, which is a clinical emergency. Management can be challenging, as patients with lower-limb haematomas are frequently older and affected by multiple comorbidities, or are probably on medications that negatively influence wound healing. This article describes the essential role of nurses in prevention, early recognition and wound management of DDHs in patients with dermatoporosis.

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