scholarly journals Biotransformation of flaxseed meal by effective microorganisms and possibility of application in aquaculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Irina A. Sazonova ◽  
Tatyana S. Osina ◽  
Petr V. Smutnev ◽  
Elena G. Zhnichkova ◽  
Sergey V. Shpul
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Flaxseed Meal ◽  
Fish Blood ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

This article describes studies on the impact of effective microorganisms of the “Baikal EM-1” probiotic on the biotransformation of flaxseed meal, its organoleptic and chemical parameters, and changes in amino acid and fatty acid compositions. It has been established that after fermentation in flaxseed meal, the amount of fiber decreases, it saturates with protein, and the amount of essential and non-essential amino acids increases. We made an analysis of the feed value of biotransformed meal depending on the probiotic concentration for the purpose of further use in the feeding of carps – the most effective probiotic concentration for biotransformation was selected. The effect of replacing part of the feed with biotransformed flaxseed meal on the change in liveweight and biochemical parameters of fish blood was studied. Positive dynamics of fishes’ liveweight was noted. The inexpediency of feeding unfermented meal to carps is proved.

scholarly journals The impact of delivery profile of essential amino acids upon skeletal muscle protein synthesis in older men: clinical efficacy of pulse vs. bolus supply

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (5) ◽  
pp. E450-E457 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kyle Mitchell ◽  
Bethan E. Phillips ◽  
John P. Williams ◽  
Debbie Rankin ◽  
Jonathan N. Lund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Low Amplitude ◽  
The Impact

Essential amino acids (EAA) are responsible for skeletal muscle anabolic effects after nutrient intake. The pattern of appearance of EAA in blood, e.g., after intake of “slow” or “fast” protein sources or in response to grazing vs. bolus feeding patterns, may impact anabolism. However, the influence of this on muscle anabolism is poorly understood, particularly in older individuals. We determined the effects of divergent feeding profiles of EAA on blood flow, anabolic signaling, and muscle protein synthesis (MPS) in older men. Sixteen men (∼70 yr) consumed EAA either as a single dose (bolus, 15 g; n = 8) or as small repeated fractions (pulse, 4 × 3.75 g every 45 min; n = 8) during 13C6 phenylalanine infusion. Repeated blood samples and muscle biopsies permitted measurement of fasting and postprandial plasma EAA, insulin, anabolic signaling, and MPS. Muscle blood flow was assessed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (Sonovue). Bolus achieved rapid insulinemia (12.7 μiU/ml 25-min postfeed), essential aminoacidemia (∼3,000 μM, 45–65 min postfeed), and mTORC1 activity; pulse achieved attenuated insulin responses, gradual low-amplitude aminoacidemia (∼1,800 μM 80–195 min after feeding), and undetectable mTORC1 signaling. Despite this, equivalent anabolic responses were observed: fasting FSRs of 0.051 and 0.047%/h (bolus and pulse, respectively) increased to 0.084 and 0.073%/h, respectively. Moreover, pulse led to sustainment of MPS beyond 180 min, when bolus MPS had returned to basal rates. We detected no benefit of rapid aminoacidemia in this older population despite enhanced anabolic signaling and greater overall EAA exposure. Rather, apparent delayed onset of the “muscle-full” effect permitted identical MPS following low-amplitude-sustained EAA exposure.

scholarly journals Specification of the Impact of Socioeconomic Factors on Consumption of the Animal and Vegetable Sources of Protein

1975 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
John Adrian ◽  
Raymond Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Vegetable Protein ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Red Meats ◽  
The Impact

Proteins are one of the basic and essential nutrients consumed by man. Both animal and vegetable sources provide proteins in the human diet. Many proteins derived from animal sources are nutritionally adequate because all essential amino acids are present. However, proteins from vegetable sources are often deficient in one or more essential amino acids. Therefore, vegetable protein must generally be supplemented with other proteins in order to provide good nutition. However, vegetable proteins can provide a satisfactory diet if the individual is judicious in selecting foods.A study of 1955 data indicated that approximately 55 percent of the protein component of the American diet came from animal sources. A recent analysis indicated that red meats contributed approximately 30 percent of the animal source to total protein. Dairy products, poultry, and fish contributed the balance. Similarly, wheat flour provided approximately 15 percent of total vegetable protein intake with other cereals (rice, corn, barley and rye), legume seeds (beans, peas and soybeans), and nuts constituting the balance.

scholarly journals Profile of amino acid, fatty acid, and mineral content of Tambelo (Bactronophorus sp.) from Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riviani Riviani ◽  
Sri Purwaningsih ◽  
Kustiariyah Tarman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Course Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

<p>Public coastal had trust natural material as medicine became one of the most important things in<br />the discovery of medicine latest. Papua, Belitung, and Kendari coastal communities believed that tambelo<br />(Bactronophorus sp.) can treat various kinds of diseases like lumbago, rheumatism, cough, flu, malaria, and<br />improve production of the breast milk, increase appetite, and vitality of man. It was important to know what<br />course content of tambelo. Tambelo could be examined amino acids, fatty acids, and mineral contents. The<br />highest essential amino acids in tambelo were leucyne, lysine, and valin of 0.57%, 0.39%, 0.36%. The highest<br />non essential amino acid was alanin, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid of 1.24%, 1.09%, and 0.78%. Barrier<br />of amino acid was histidine. Fatty acid total of tambelo was 29.52%, whereas the fatty acid compositions<br />consist of 10.09% saturated fatty acid (SAFA) was 14.37% monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) was 5.06%<br />polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Among them, those occuring in the highest proportions were palmatic<br />acid (4.49%), oleic acid (5.73%), palmitoleic acid (4.96%), and Aracidic acid (1.88%). Tambelo had n6/n3<br />ratio of 1.84. Tambelo had mineral contents as Natrium of 1144000 mg/kg, calcium of 17000 mg/kg, Kalium<br />of 21000 mg/kg, magnesium of 13000 mg/kg, phosphor of 1900 mg/kg, cadmium &lt; 0.24 mg/kg, and lead<br />&lt;1.25 mg/kg.<br />Keyword : amino acids, Bactronophorus sp., fatty acids, mineral contents, tambelo</p>

scholarly journals Body Weight Loss, Tissue Wasting and Shortened Lifespan in Late Middle-aged Mice on Imbalanced Essential/Non-essential Amino Acids Diet

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Corsetti ◽  
Evasio Pasini ◽  
Claudia Romano ◽  
Riccardo Calvani ◽  
Anna Picca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Body Wasting ◽  
The Impact

Inadequate protein intake can impair protein balance and lead to skeletal muscle atrophy, impaired body growth, and functional decline. Foods provide both non-essential (NEAAs) and essential amino acids (EAAs) that may convey different metabolic stimuli to specific organs and tissues. In this study, we sought to evaluate the impact of six diets with various EAA/NEAA blends on body composition and the risk of developing tissue wasting in late middle-aged male mice. Mice consuming NEAA-based diets, although showing increased food and calorie intake, suffered the most severe weight loss. Interestingly, even moderate NEAAs prevalence was able to induce inflammatory catabolic stimuli, generalized body wasting and systemic metabolic alterations. Complete depletion of retroperitoneal white adipose tissue and a severe loss (&gt;75%) of brown adipose tissue were observed together with muscle wasting. Conversely, EAA-based diets induced significant decreases in weight by reducing primarily fat reserves, but improved clinical parameters. Tissue wasting was caused by altered AA quality, independent of reduced nitrogen or caloric intake. Our results indicate that an optimized balance of AA composition is necessary for preserving overall bodily energy status. These findings are particularly relevant in the context of aging and may be exploited for contrasting its negative correlates including body wasting.

scholarly journals The transposable element-rich genome of the cereal pest Sitophilus oryzae

BMC Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Parisot ◽  
Carlos Vargas-Chávez ◽  
Clément Goubert ◽  
Patrice Baa-Puyoulet ◽  
Séverine Balmand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Transposable Element ◽  
Metabolic Networks ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Long Reads ◽  
High Gene ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Eukaryotic Genomes

Abstract Background The rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae is one of the most important agricultural pests, causing extensive damage to cereal in fields and to stored grains. S. oryzae has an intracellular symbiotic relationship (endosymbiosis) with the Gram-negative bacterium Sodalis pierantonius and is a valuable model to decipher host-symbiont molecular interactions. Results We sequenced the Sitophilus oryzae genome using a combination of short and long reads to produce the best assembly for a Curculionidae species to date. We show that S. oryzae has undergone successive bursts of transposable element (TE) amplification, representing 72% of the genome. In addition, we show that many TE families are transcriptionally active, and changes in their expression are associated with insect endosymbiotic state. S. oryzae has undergone a high gene expansion rate, when compared to other beetles. Reconstruction of host-symbiont metabolic networks revealed that, despite its recent association with cereal weevils (30 kyear), S. pierantonius relies on the host for several amino acids and nucleotides to survive and to produce vitamins and essential amino acids required for insect development and cuticle biosynthesis. Conclusions Here we present the genome of an agricultural pest beetle, which may act as a foundation for pest control. In addition, S. oryzae may be a useful model for endosymbiosis, and studying TE evolution and regulation, along with the impact of TEs on eukaryotic genomes.

The impact of fixation method on the biochemical characteristics of hawk tea (Litsea coreana)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Xu ◽  
Yuanjing Zhou ◽  
Jihong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Fixation Method ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Fixation Techniques ◽  
The Impact

AbstractFixation is one of the critical steps in tea processing and can cause various physico-chemical changes, thus affecting tea quality. There are many tea processing techniques, but their influence on quality remains unclear. Here, we studied the impact of different fixation methods, including for 6 or 10 min by machine, by iron pan, or by boiling water, on the biochemical characteristics of hawk tea. The results showed that tea fixation technique had a significant influence on the sensory quality, biochemical components, and antioxidant activity of the tea. Compared to other fixation techniques, fixation by boiling water produced a more nutritious hawk tea with stronger DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity (EC50 = 6.56 μg/mL). Processing with boiling water also resulted in a better sensory quality with a unique sweet aftertaste. This tea also contained more polyphenols (19.60%), total amino acids (21,219 mg/100 g), essential amino acids (10,564 mg/100 g), and trace elements (5873.13 mg/kg). These results can guide the development of hawk tea products.

scholarly journals Role of rhubarb and α-keto analogues of essential amino acids supplementation in halting progression of chronic kidney disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2581
Author(s):  
Irfan Ahmad Khan ◽  
Mohammad Nasiruddin ◽  
Shahzad F. Haque ◽  
Rahat A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Gradual Improvement ◽  
Group I ◽  
Total Urine ◽  
Keto Analogues

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an emerging chronic disease due to rapidly increasing incidence of diabetes and hypertension worldwide. Newer drugs are being searched which can stop nephron damage and are cost effective. This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy and safety profile of rhubarb and α-keto analogues of essential amino acids supplementation in patients of chronic kidney disease.Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted in patients of chronic kidney disease attending Renal Clinic of a tertiary care centre. Randomization of patients was done into three interventional groups: conservative management along with placebo was given in first group (Control); conservative management along with Rhubarb capsule (350 mg, thrice daily) was given in second group (Rhubarb) and conservative management along with α-keto analogues of essential amino acids (600 mg, thrice daily) was given in third group (KAA). The treatment was given for 12 weeks. Clinical and biochemical parameters were assessed at 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment.Results: Patients of all three groups showed gradual improvement in clinical features and biochemical parameters as compared to their pre-treated values which was more marked in KAA supplemented group. There was reduction in: fasting blood glucose (12.51%, 19.15% and 20.78%), PPBG (14.80%, 19.00% and 20.89%), serum creatinine (25.00%, 30.54% and 39.52%), blood urea (25.55%, 33.64% and 38.09%), and 24-hour total urine protein (TUP) (19.80%, 30.18% and 38.34%) in Group I, II and III respectively. There was increase in: haemoglobin level (12.64%, 14.99% and 19.77%), 24-hour total urine volume (TUV) (19.41%, 28.82% and 33.32%) and GFR (22.6%, 46.5% and 49.2%) in Group I, II and III respectively. Rhubarb and KAA supplementations were safe and well-tolerated.Conclusions: KAA is more effective than Rhubarb as add on therapy with conservative management in patients of chronic kidney disease.

scholarly journals Food Products as Sources of Protein and Amino Acids—The Case of Poland

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Górska-Warsewicz ◽  
Wacław Laskowski ◽  
Olena Kulykovets ◽  
Anna Kudlińska-Chylak ◽  
Maksymilian Czeczotko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Grain Products ◽  
Protein Supply ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to identify the food sources of protein and 18 amino acids (AAs) in the average Polish diet. The analysis was conducted based on the 2016 Household Budget Survey (HBS) on the consumption of food products from a representative sample of 38,886 households (n = 99,230). This survey was organized, conducted and controlled by the Central Statistical Office, Social Surveys and Living Conditions Statistics Department in cooperation with the Statistic Office in Łódź based on the recording of expenditures, quantitative consumption, and revenues in budget books for one month. 91 food products from 13 food categories (e.g., meat and meat products, grain products) consisting of 42 food groups (e.g., red meat, milk, cheese) were analyzed to determine protein and amino acid intake from these products. Three categories delivered 80.9% of total protein (meat and meat products: 38.9%; grain products: 23.9%; and milk and dairy products: 18.1%). The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs: leucine, isoleucine and valine) were delivered mainly by meat and meat products (39.9%; 41.3% and 37.4%, respectively). Meat and meat products were also the most important source for other essential amino acids (EAAs: lysine 49.2%, histidine 46.6%, threonine 44.7%, tryptophan 41.4%, phenylalanine 35.3%, and methionine 44.2%). In terms of the contribution of the non-essential or conditionally essential amino acids to the average Polish diet, most important were grain products (for cysteine: 41.2%; glutamic acid: 33.8%; proline: 34.1%), and meat and meat products (for tyrosine: 38.3%; arginine: 46.1%; alanine: 48.7%; aspartic acid: 41.7%; glycine: 52.5%; serine: 33.6%). Five clusters were identified to assess the impact of socio-demographic and economic factors on the protein supply. The largest impact was observed for respondent education, degree of urbanization, study month, and usage of agricultural land. The shares of animal food in total protein supply amounted to 66.5% in total population and varied from 56.4% to 73.6% in different clusters.

scholarly journals Newly Identified Essential Amino Acids Affecting Chlorella ellipsoidea DGAT1 Function Revealed by Site-Directed Mutagenesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baocheng Sun ◽  
Xuejie Guo ◽  
Chengming Fan ◽  
Yuhong Chen ◽  
Jingqiao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Mutant Gene ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Chlorella Ellipsoidea ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Important Form

Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG), the most important form of energy storage in plants. Some residues have previously been proven to be crucial for DGAT1 activity. In this study, we used site-directed mutagenesis of the CeDGAT1 gene from Chlorella ellipsoidea to alter 16 amino acids to investigate effects on DGAT1 function. Of the 16 residues (L482R, E542R, Y553A, G577R, R579D, Y582R, R596D, H603D, H609D, A624R, F629R, S632A, W650R, A651R, Q658H, and P660R), we newly identified 5 (L482, R579, H603, A651, and P660) as being essential for DGAT1 function and 7 (E542, G577, R596, H609, A624, S632, and Q658) that significantly affect DGAT1 function to different degrees, as revealed by heterologous expression of the mutants in yeast strain INVSc1. Importantly, compared with CeDGAT1, expression of the mutant CeDGAT1Y553A significantly increased the total fatty acid and TAG contents of INVSc1. Comparison among CeDGAT1Y553A, GmDGAT1Y341A, AtDGAT1Y364A, BnDGAT1Y347A, and BoDGAT1Y352A, in which tyrosine at the position corresponding to the 553rd residue in CeDGAT1 is changed into alanine, indicated that the impact of changing Y to A at position 553 is specific for CeDGAT1. Overall, the results provide novel insight into the structure and function of DGAT1, as well as a mutant gene with high potential for lipid improvement in microalgae and plants.

scholarly journals Features of lysine inheritance in grain sorghum hybrids of the second generation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
A. V. Alabushev ◽  
V. V. Kovtunov ◽  
P. I. Kostylev ◽  
N. A. Kovtunova ◽  
N. S. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Spontaneous Mutant ◽  
The World ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Sorghum Protein

Sorghum is one of the most important grain crops in the world. Sorghum grain is characterized by a low percentage of essential amino acids in protein, primarily lysine, which significantly reduces its feed value. There are two known mutant genes with a large lysine percentage, namely the spontaneous mutant hl gene, which was originally identified in Ethiopian lines, and the P721 gene, which is induced by ethylmethanesulfonate. The purpose of the current study was to identify the patterns of inheritance of the lysine percentage in grain sorghum hybrids of the second generation which were obtained by hybridization according to two 4x4 diallelic schemes (I - SPZS-11, Sb-126/4, 144 f/8, Zernogradskoe 204; II - ZSK-4, Belozernoe 100, Otbor 100, 34045). The hybridological analysis has established that in lysine percentage in sorghum protein there are genetic differences of 1-3 genes between the parental samples included in the hybridization. The greatest differences (3 genes) were identified between sorghum grain samples 34045 and 144 f/8. In most hybrid combinations there have been identified monogenic and digenic differences between the samples involved in hybridization. The estimation of dominance degree has identified the value of the gene manifestation, that controls lysine percentage in sorghum protein. There has been determined the dominance of both large and small values of the trait. The frequency distribution curves of the studied hybrids were within the variability of the parental forms, however, there were positive transgressions in some combinations. In the combinations Sb-126/4 × SPZS-11, Zernogradskoe 204 × SPZS-11 there have been identified the forms with a large lysine percentage in grain (more than 3.5%) for further breeding process.

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