Ruminal profile of completed feed as influenced by myristic and tannins addition

The study aimed to determine the effect of adding tannin and myristic acid in complete feed on nutrient content and the Profile of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in vitro. The materials used for this research were corn straw, condensed tannins, myristic acid, coffee waste, rice bran, tapioca byproduct, soybean meal, copra meal, and palm kernel meal. The method was used in this experiment was laboratory experiment with four treatments and three replications. The treatment consisted of T1 complete feed (40% corn straw + 60% concentrate (be based DM)), T2 (complete feed + condensed tannins 3%/kg DM and myristic acid 2%/kg DM), T3 (complete feed + condensed tannins 3%/kg DM and myristic acid 3%/kg DM), and T4 (complete feed + condensed tannins 3%/kg DM and myristic acid 4%/kg DM). Every treatment was repeated three times and analysed statistically using Randomized Block Design (RBD). The adding of 4% myristic acid to the complete feed (T4) gives the best results, it increased nutrition and propionic acid, but decreased acetic acid, butyric acid, total VFA and C2/C3 ratio.

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In-vitro nutrient degradability of complete feed containing myristic acid and tannins addition

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202233500047 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 335 ◽

pp. 00047

Author(s):

Poespitasari Hazanah Ndaru ◽

Siti Chuzaemi ◽

Muhimmatu Mufidah

Keyword(s):

Myristic Acid ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

Block Design ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Corn Straw ◽

Leaf Meal ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Randomized Block Design

The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of Myristic acid and the source of condensed tannin on corn straw basedcomplete feed on nutrient content and in vitro digestibility. The method which was used in this experiment was randomized block design with four treatments and three replications. The treatment consisted of T0 complete feed (40% corn straw + 60% concentrate), T1 complete feed (40% corn straw + 60% concentrate + myristic acid 30 g/Kg DM), T2 complete feed (40% corn straw + 50% concentrate + calliandra leaf meal 10%/Kg DM and myristic acid 30 g/Kg DM), T3 complete feed (40% corn straw + 45% concentrate + calliandra leaf meal 15%/Kg DM and myristic acid 30 g/Kg DM), T4 (40% corn straw + 40% concentrate + calliandra leaf meal 20%/Kg DM and myristic acid 30 g/Kg DM). Based on the result, it could be concluded that calliandra leaf meal 15%/Kg DM + Myristic acid 30 g/Kg DM on the complete feed (T3) was the best treatment based on nutrient content and increase of dry matter digestibility, but not an effect of organic matter digestibility

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Productivity of Brachiaria decumbens in a Mixed-Culture with Pueraria phaseloides in Different Manure and Dolomite Administration Level into Suboptimal Land

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner ◽

10.14334/jitv.v21i4.1562 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 215

Author(s):

Iwan Herdiawan

Keyword(s):

Biomass Production ◽

Carrying Capacity ◽

Block Design ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

The Other ◽

Productivity Improvement ◽

Brachiaria Decumbens ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Matter Production ◽

Materials Used

Productivity improvement of forage in suboptimal land can be done in various ways, such as through manure and ameliorant treatment. Manure and dolomite is required by soil on suboptimal land, a combination of both can supply nutrients and improve soil biophysics. The research materials used in this study were B. decumbens, Pueraria phaseloides, manure, and dolomite. Randomized Block Design (RBD) in 3x3 factorial was applied. The dose of manure and dolomite are the first and second factors respectively, each treatment has 3 replications times. Variables measured were biomass production, dry matter production, carrying capacity, and nutrient content of forage. Results showed that the highest (P<0.05) biomass production produced by the 10 t/ha manure and 2 ton/ha dolomite treatment by 1,638.94 g/m2 compared to the other treatments, and the lowest was achieved in the control by 543.75 g/m2. Carrying capacity of B. decumbens and P. phaseloides on 10 ton/ha manure was the highest (P<0.05) by 0.08 AU compared to the other treatments. Super dolomite administration by 1 ton/ha significantly (P<0.05) produced the highest carrying capacity by amount of 0.83 AU. Manure and dolomite administration significantly (P<0.05) improved the nutritional content of B. decumbens and P. phaseloides.

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PSX-B-1 Effect of exposure time and dose of effective microorganisms (EM®) on feed in vitro rumen fermentation and digestibility

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.810 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 455-457

Author(s):

Alain Miranda-Figueroa ◽

Carlos Gutiérrez_Aguilar ◽

Manuel González-Ronquillo ◽

Atmir Romero-Pérez ◽

Claudia Cecilia Márquez-Mota ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exposure Time ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Block Design ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Effective Microorganisms ◽

Time Interaction ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Quadratic Effects

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the effect of feed inoculation with effective microorganisms (EM®) (mainly containing Lactobacillus spp.,Rhodopseudomona palustrisand Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on rumen fermentation using in vitrogas production technique. We hypothesized that increasing doses and allowing exposure of EM® for up to 48 hours, would improve digestibility and rumen fermentation. The experimental design was a 4×4 completely randomized block design including 4 EM® levels [(0(EM0), 0.5(EM0.5), 1.0 (EM1) and 1.5 (EM1.5) mL EM® / kg DM] and 4 preincubation times [0 (T0), 12(T12), 24(T24), 48 (T48) h], with four repetitions per treatment. Treatments were evaluated using 100ml glass bottles with 0.5g of the diet (20% corn stover, 20% oat hay, 48.8% ground corn, 7% molasses, 1.2% urea, 1% soybean meal, 0.9% mineral premix,1.1% salt, dry matter basis) incubated with sheep ruminal fluid in 3 different occasions. Data were analyzed with PROC MIXED of SAS and orthogonal contrasts to determine the linear and quadratic effects of EM dose and exposure time. Interaction (P < 0.05) of EM x T was observed for in vitrodry matter digestibility (IVDMD), maximum gas volume (Vmax), total volatile fatty acids (VFA), acetate (ACE), propionate (PROP), butyrate (BUT) and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3), IVDMD was higher (P < 0.01, 4.8 and 3.72%) for T48EM1.5 than T12EM0 and T0EM0, PROP was higher (P < 0.05) for T48EM0, T48EM1 and 1.5 than T12EM0. The ACE:PROP ratio was higher (P < 0.05, 17.2%) for T12EM0 than T48EM1.5. IVDMD, PROP and NH3 linearly increased (P < 0.01) with increasing exposure time. EM levels have a quadratic effect (P < 0.01) with maximum response at EM0.5. It was concluded that the addition of 0.5 to 1.5 mL/kg DM of EM® to a sheep diet and increasing preincubation time, up to 48h, improve feed fermentation and digestibility.Project was supported by UNAM, DGAPA, PAPIIT (IT202120).

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EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE, USE OF QUALITY WASTE AND TEACHERS IN BREAST TANK ON GAS BIO PERFORMANCE

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i4.2021.3788 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 75-83

Author(s):

Mochammad Junus ◽

Firman Jaya ◽

Ustadi ◽

Margomulyo Putra Kurniawan ◽

Yoga Arif Romadhon

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Livestock Waste ◽

Total N ◽

P Elements ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Effects Of Temperature ◽

Materials Used

The aim of research to determine the effect of temperature and the use of livestock waste quail (LTP) and waste octopus (LG) in a digester tank is made of plastic curigen to the performance of gas bio production and nutrient content of sludge that is generated. The materials used are LTP and LG. The research method used 1) Randomized Block Design with 2 factors and 2) Completely Randomized Design with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The first factor is the waste with 6 treatments are P0: 100% LTP, P1: sludge 90% and 10% LTP LG, P2: sludge 80% LTP, and 20% of LG, P3: s ludge 70% LTP, and 30 LG, P4: LTP and 20% LG, P5: sludge 50% LTP and 50% LG. The second factor with lamps, namely P01: without lamps, P02: use 1 lamp, P03: use 2 lamps. Furthermore, LTP and LG are diluted with water until they reach 7% dry matter and stored in a digestion tank (made of 24 plastic jerry cans with a volume of 25 liters ). The analysis showed that the effects of temperature, the use of LTP and LG have influence which is not significantly different (P > 0.0 1 ) against the pressure, the volume of gas bioand H 2 S. Apart from that, it was also very significant (P <0.01) on the total N content, P elements and K elements, but the highest average total N and K element content was obtained in P0 sludge with a percentage of 100% LTP concentration. The conclusion of this study is that the effect of temperature, LTP, and LG affects the increase in gas bio production but not significantly different and the treatment of LTP and LG affects the increase in nutrient content.

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Effect of energy and protein level in complete feed used elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum.) and maize stover (Zea mays. L) silage on nutrient content, total digestible nutrient, and in vitro degradation

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202233500027 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 335 ◽

pp. 00027

Author(s):

Hartutik ◽

Marjuki ◽

Asri Nurul Huda ◽

Roi Katul Jannah

Keyword(s):

Protein Level ◽

Block Design ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Elephant Grass ◽

In Vitro Degradation ◽

Maize Stover ◽

Randomized Block Design

The purpose of this research was to determine of ideal ration of energy and protein in complete feed used elephant grass and maize stover silage. The materials were use elephant grass, maize stover silage with 10% molasses and Lactobacillus plantarum 1x106 CFU/g and concentrates. The method used experimental laboratory, the data of nutrient and TDN content using descriptive analysis. In vitro degradation value was analysed by Analysis of Variance from a factorial randomized block design and followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The complete feed was use 12.5% elephant grass + 37.5% maize stover silage + 50% concentrates with consist of energy level (E1 =12.5, E2 =13.5, E3 =14.5 MJ/kg DM) and protein level (P1 =10.5, P2= 13.5, P3= 16.5%). The results showed that in vitro DM and OM degradation respectively energy or protein level showed has significantly (P<0.01), while the interaction did not significant (P>0.05). The best treatment is E3P3 with energy 14.5 MJ/kg and protein 16.5% on nutrient content DM 92,51%., OM 90,33%., CP 16.57%, CF 19.29%, EE 1.77%, NFE 53.70%, TDN content 67.14%, In vitro DM degradation 66.14 % and in vitro OM degradation 70.01%.

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Effects of Increasing Doses of Condensed Tannins Extract from Cistus ladanifer L. on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Biohydrogenation

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030761 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 761

Author(s):

Olinda Guerreiro ◽

Susana P. Alves ◽

Mónica Costa ◽

Maria F. Duarte ◽

Eliana Jerónimo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Condensed Tannins ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Secondary Compounds ◽

Cistus Ladanifer ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Ct Dose ◽

Linear Decrease

Cistus ladanifer (rockrose) is a perennial shrub quite abundant in the Mediterranean region, and it is a rich source in secondary compounds such as condensed tannins (CTs). Condensed tannins from C. ladanifer were able to change the ruminal biohydrogenation (BH), increasing the t11–18:1 and c9,t11–18:2 production. However, the adequate conditions of the C. ladanifer CTs used to optimize the production of t11–18:1 and c9,t11–18:2 is not yet known. Thus, we tested the effect of increasing the doses of C. ladanifer CT extract (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/kg dry matter (DM)) on in vitro rumen BH. Five in vitro batch incubations replicates were conducted using an oil supplemented high-concentrate substrate, incubated for 24 h with 6 mL of buffered ruminal fluid. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and long chain fatty acids (FA) were analyzed at 0 h and 24 h, and BH of c9–18:1, c9, c12–18:2 and c9, c12, c15–18:3, and BH products yield were computed. Increasing doses of C. ladanifer CTs led to a moderate linear decrease (p < 0.001) of the VFA production (a reduction of 27% with the highest dose compared to control). The disappearance of c9–18:1 and c9,c12–18:2 as well as the production of t11–18:1 and c9, t11:18:2 was not affected by increasing doses of C. ladanifer CTs, and only the disappearance of c9, c12, c15–18:3 suffered a mild linear decrease (a reduction of 24% with the highest dose compared to control). Nevertheless, increasing the C. ladanifer CT dose led to a strong depression of microbial odd and branched fatty acids and of dimethyl acetals production (less than 65% with the highest dose compared to control), which indicates that microbial growth was more inhibited than fermentative and biohydrogenation activities, in a possible adaptative response of microbial population to stress induced to CTs and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The ability of C. ladanifer to modulate the ruminal BH was not verified in the current in vitro experimental conditions, emphasizing the inconsistent BH response to CTs and highlighting the need to continue seeking the optimal conditions for using CTs to improve the fatty acid profile of ruminant fat.

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Nutritional value of sorghum silages

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v39i2.32677 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 137

Author(s):

Marielly Maria Almeida Moura ◽

Daniel Ananias de Assis Pires ◽

Renê Ferreira Costa ◽

Daniella Cangussú Tolentino ◽

João Paulo Sampaio Rigueira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Block Design ◽

Significance Level ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Nutritional Characteristics ◽

High Participation ◽

Sorghum Genotypes

This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional characteristics and quality of silages of five sorghum genotypes, namely: Volumax, AG2005E, Qualimax, BRS610 and AG2501. The study was conducted at the Experimental Farm Unimontes, in the municipality of Janaúba, state of Minas Gerais. The treatments were distributed in a randomized block design with four replicates. Data were tested by analysis of variance andmeans were compared by Scott-Knott test at a significance level of 5%. The pH values ranged from 3.93 and 4.10. Genotypes differed in all studied nutritional characteristics (p < 0.05). For the acid detergent fiber, differences were detected between the genotypes, AG2501 (35.66%), Volumax (34.89%), AG2005E (34.53%), Qualimax (32.39%) and BRS610 (33.60%). The high participation of lignin was verifiedin all genotypes except for Volumax (4.14%). All silages were within the recommended range 50-65% for in vitro dry matter digestibility and classified as having good quality, however only the AG2005E genotype met nitrogen requirements for microbial fermentation, with 7.06% crude protein.

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Optimation of In vitro Lateral Shoots Multiplication of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) “Callina” with BAP and NAA

Journal of Tropical Crop Science ◽

10.29244/jtcs.4.3.102-107 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 102-107

Author(s):

Darda Efendi ◽

Mirza R Putra

Keyword(s):

Carica Papaya ◽

Clonal Propagation ◽

Block Design ◽

Shoot Multiplication ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Lateral Shoots ◽

Shoot Production ◽

Set Up

Papaya is a popular fruit and is grown commercially in many subtropical and tropical countries. Papayas are generally grown from seeds; therefore the offsprings are not true-to-type and could come in three sexes, female, male, and hermaphrodite. Clonal propagation is required to obtain to grow true-to-type hermaphrodite papayas. In this research, we developed an in vitro protocol for shoot multiplication from lateral shoots from in vitro germinated papaya seedlings. The in vitro propagated plant materials could potentially be used as a source of papaya micro cuttings, or as scion for papaya grafting. The experiment was set up as a factorial experiment with NAA at 0, 0.1 and 0.5 mg.L-1, and BAP at 0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg.L-1 in a completely randomized block design. BAP interacted with NAA in affecting the shoot production per explant. The optimum BAP and NAA concentration to produce lateral shoots was 0.54 mg. L-1 and 0.1 mg.L-1, respectively. Media without NAA reduced the number of lateral shoots and number of leaf per explant at any BAP concentration.Keywords: hermaphrodite, seeds, true to type, clonal propagation, micro cuttings.

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The Effect of Population Density and Intercropping with Tomato on the Growth and Yield of Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus)

Journal of Tropical Crop Science ◽

10.29244/jtcs.6.02.81-88 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (02) ◽

pp. 81-88

Author(s):

Gerson Hans Maure ◽

Muhammad Achmad Chozin ◽

Edi Santosa

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Photosynthetic Activity ◽

Block Design ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Winged Bean ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

High Nutrient ◽

Almost All

Winged bean (Fabaceae) is a tropical crop that has high nutrient content, and almost all parts of the plant are edible. The research aimed to evaluate the growth and production of winged bean in an intercropping system with tomato. The study was conducted at the Cikabayan Experimental Field of Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia, in a randomized block design with three replications during the rainy season of December 2017 to June 2018. Winged beans were planted in high and low population densities and intercropped with three tomato genotypes, “Tora”, F70030081-12-16-3 and “Apel Belgia”. Monoculture winged bean was assigned as control. Tomatoes were planted between the rows of the winged beans in the intercropping treatment. The results showed that the growth of winged bean in monoculture and intercropping systems was not significantly different. The photosynthetic activity of winged bean at three to five weeks after planting remained high, indicating that the vegetative growth was optimal in both systems. Intercropping increased the winged bean number of pods per plant by 12.66-19.52% compared to monoculture, irrespective of population density. Therefore, winged bean could be considered as suitable to grow in intercropping systems.

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Evaluation of nutrient content and in-vitro gas production of complete feed based on corn stover (Zea mays) supplemented by mimosa powder and myristic acid

Livestock and Animal Research ◽

10.20961/lar.v18i2.42998 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 191

Author(s):

Muchamad Muchlas ◽

Siti Chuzaemi ◽

Mashudi Mashudi

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Zea Mays ◽

Corn Stover ◽

Myristic Acid ◽

Block Design ◽

Gas Production ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Methane Gas ◽

In Vitro Gas Production

Objective: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect supplementation of mimosa powder as a source of condensed tannins and a single fatty acid, myristic acid, in a complete feed based on corn stover (Zea mays) using the in-vitro gas production method. This research has been carried out at the Animal Nutrition and Food Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Brawijaya University. The time of the research was conducted in August until December 2019.Methods: The experimental design used randomized complete block design by ANOVA consisting four treatments and three replications which were P1= a complete feed based on corn stover (Zea mays) as control Diet (CD) (40% corn stover + 60 % concentrate), P2= (CD) + Mimosa Powder(MP) 1.5 %/kg DM + myristic acid (MA)2% /kg DM, P3= CD + MP 1.5 % /kg DM + MA 3% /kg DM, and P4= CD + MP 1.5 %/kg DM + MA 4 %/kg DM.Results: The results showed that the treatments affected total gas production (p<0.01). The highest value for total gas production was found in P1 (86.67 ml/500 mg DM) and the lowest was found in P3 (73.30 ml/500 mg DM). The results showed that gas production decreased concurrently with the increase of MA level. In vitro methane gas and carbon dioxide production was showed different (p<0.05) from the control treatment. The lowest concentration of methane production was in P4 (82863.07 ppm) and the highest concentration was in treatment P1 86530.89 ppm. The highest total carbon dioxide content was P1 (436711.57 ppm) and the lowest concentration was P3 (350287.72 ppm).Conclusions: The results of the research concluded that the addition of mimosa powder and 3 different levels of myristic acid in a complete feed based on corn stover can increase the nutritional value of a complete feed and reduce the production of methane gas.

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