scholarly journals Financial and legal measures to support small and medium-sized businesses in the context of pandemic turbulence

2021 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 06006
Author(s):  
Yulia Lobanova ◽  
Ilya Aminov

The article reveals the consequences of the coronavirus crisis for business activity in Russia. The article considers certain financial and legal measures to prevent economic losses for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) taken by the Russian authorities in the context of a long and devastating COVID-19 pandemic. It was revealed that one of the effective financial and legal mechanisms for overcoming a difficult socioeconomic situation is the National Guarantee System for Supporting Small and Medium-Sized Businesses (NGS) created in the Russian Federation back in 2014 and intensified its comprehensive activities in the context of pandemic turbulence. The directions and principles of NGS activity are analyzed. Additional measures to support SMEs have been disclosed due to announcement of another lockdown in Russia in the fall of 2021. The directions for further improvement of the system of state support for small and medium-sized businesses are outlined, such as the renewal of credits at zero rates on salaries, the establishment of a “grace” period and preferential interest rates for credit repayment, tax debts cancellation, subsidizing loans subject to the hiring of new personnel, compensation of rent, taxes and comprehensive rehabilitation programs. It is concluded that it is necessary to take measures to minimize the threat of declaring lockdowns in the future.

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Neopulo

The paper considers and justifies the need to change the measures of state support for small and medium-sized businesses in order to increase the business activity index. The author analyzes the current state of small and medium-sized businesses, their contribution to GDP, considers measures of state support for small and medium-sized enterprises and their compliance with the principles of the development strategy. Perspective directions and approaches for improving the system of state support for small and medium-sized businesses that affect the growth of entrepreneurial activity in the Russian Federation are reflected.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Bela A. Syrnikova ◽  
Dmitry V. Storozhenko ◽  
Elena E. Storozhenko ◽  
Khetag V. Temirov ◽  
Georgy E. Sokolov ◽  
...  

The prevalence of diabetes is high and continues to grow. Patients with diabetes make up 3.12% of the population of Russian Federation. Economic losses from diabetes accounted for 1.8% of the worlds gross domestic product. There are no effective treatments for diabetes. The goals of patient care are control homeostasis indicators and prevent complications. The Russian Federation has created a multi-level system of care for patients with diabetes. Social protection institutions take part in comprehensive rehabilitation of patients with diabetes. In 20152019 years the state budgetary institution of the city of Moscow Scientific and practical rehabilitation center conducted inpatient rehabilitation of 10.4 thousand disabled people. The prevalence of diabetes among them was 19.5%. Rehabilitation of patients with diabetes in the rehabilitation center has a number of features: planned nature, the possibility of individual and group work of doctors with patients, the state of physical and psychological comfort of patients, the use of climate therapy.


2020 ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
N. I. Shagaida

The article clarifies the concept of “agricultural holding”, using an approach to assessing the size on the basis of the total revenue of all agricultural organizations within the agricultural holding. It has been revealed that only 100 of the total number of agricultural holdings that were identified can be attributed to large business entities. They comprise about 3% of agricultural organizations in the country, while their share in the proceeds is about 37%. A large share of agricultural holdings — large business subjects under the control of Russian entities operate in one, and under the control of foreign legal entities — in three or more regions of the Russian Federation. Vertical integration within the framework of large agricultural holdings with different schemes for including the stages of processing and sale of products produced in their agricultural organizations allows them to receive advantages. Strengthening the role of large business entities in agriculture puts on the agenda the issue of differentiating approaches to taxation and state support in agriculture, depending on the size of the companies’ agricultural businesses.


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2210-2224
Author(s):  
V.M. Sharapova ◽  
T.N. Medvedeva ◽  
E.A. Farvazova

Subject. The article considers a procedure for calculating and distributing State support to depressed agricultural regions in the framework of a new type of budget financing, i.e. compensating and stimulating subsidies. Objectives. The purpose is to evaluate the efficiency of the system of State regulation of agribusiness in a depressed region, determine the priority of modern methods of budgetary support from the State, improve the methodological approach to the distribution of State aid among subjects of the Russian Federation with low level of socio-economic development. Methods. The study draws on the abstract and logical method, methods of statistical analysis, grouping, comparison, and generalization. Results. We realized the objectives of the study, using the agricultural producers of the Kurgan Oblast case. The paper analyzes the condition of agricultural sector in the depressed region, assesses the State support system efficiency for the agricultural sector of the Trans-Ural region, considers government measures related to the regulation of the economy of backward regions. It presents an updated method of budget financing within an incentive subsidy by clarifying the calculations and introducing an additional indicator that reflects the level of remuneration of regional agricultural producers. Conclusions. The updated calculation methodology for incentive subsidies to depressed regions enables to build a certain economic rating of ten depressed regions of the Russian Federation, taking into account not only the volume of production and employment, but also the level of wages of agricultural workers.


Author(s):  
N.A. Mironov ◽  
E.A. Maryshev ◽  
N.A. Divueva

The article discusses the issues of improving the examination system of competitive applications for state support in the form of grants of the President of the Russian Federation on the basis of an integrated information system that includes the information support system of the Grants Council of the President of the Russian Federation and the information system of the Federal Roster of Scientific and Technological Experts and containing information about experts, applications and expert examination results. In order to improve the principles of transparency and openness of support programs and competition winners, to ensure the objectivity of the competitive selection of projects, a number of organizational and technical solutions are proposed in the application examination system based on an integrated information system. The new and proposed new approaches to the organizational and technical support of the examination of competitive applications for state support in the form of grants of the President of the Russian Federation to young Russian scientists made it possible, by attracting a wide range of scientific and technological communities, to conduct examination of more than five thousand applications with high quality and deadlines set by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia.


2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-596
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Karavdin

Issues related to state support of the agro-industrial complex are relevant for all countries of the world, including the Russian Federation. The article deals with the key problems of the agro-industrial complex, which are mainly caused by the features of agriculture. The necessity of state support for the agro-industrial complex of Russia on the basis of the identified problems is substantiated. The article analyzes the directions and measures of state support in Russia, the differences between the stated goals in the state program for the development of the agro-industrial complex and the results in practice. The lack of a comprehensive approach to solving existing problems and proper control over the implementation of the state program, ill-considered and insufficient funding of individual programs, lobbying by large agricultural holdings of their interests and the monopolization of agricultural production do not allow to rely on the development of small agribusiness and rural areas.


2021 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Ю.А. Шнейдер ◽  
Е.В. Каримова ◽  
Ю.Н. Приходько ◽  
Е.Н. Лозовая ◽  
Т.С. Живаева

Томат – важнейшая овощная культура с ежегодным увеличением объемов его производства во всем мире. В Российской Федерации последние несколько лет активно развиваются предприятия защищенного грунта, специализирующиеся на производстве томатов. Вместе с тем растения томата поражают более 200 различных вредителей и болезней. Возбудители вирусных болезней растений – важный ограничивающий фактор для многих отраслей растениеводства, в том числе овощеводства. В последние годы в европейских странах производство томатов в открытом и защищенном грунте пострадало от серьезных потерь, вызванных, главным образом, вирусными фитопатогенами. В статье представлен обзор трех наиболее опасных вирусов, возбудителей болезней томатов – коричневой морщинистости плодов томата, мозаики пепино, пятнистого увядания томата. Эти вирусы неоднократно были выявлены в целом ряде стран практически на всех континентах и вызвали значительные экономические потери в странах своего распространения. Ввиду очень быстрого распространения и обнаружения опасных вирусов томата в ряде стран, занимающихся производством и дальнейшим экспортом семян и плодов томатов, Федеральная служба по ветеринарному и фитосанитарному надзору Российской Федерации (Россельхознадзор) с 27 июля 2020 года ввела в качестве временной карантинной фитосанитарной меры требование об отсутствии этих вирусов в семенах, посадочном материале и плодах растений-хозяев при их ввозе и перемещении по территории Российской Федерации. Результаты анализов фитосанитарного риска, проведенных в ФГБУ «ВНИИКР» в 2020 году, показали, что вирусы коричневой морщинистости плодов томата, мозаики пепино и пятнистого увядания томата соответствуют критериям карантинных для Российской Федерации организмов, вирусы способны проникнуть на территорию страны с подкарантинной продукцией, распространиться и нанести существенный ущерб развитию сельского хозяйства и экономической деятельности страны. Tomato is the most important vegetable crop with an annual increase in its production worldwide. In the Russian Federation, greenhouse industry specializing in the production of tomatoes have been actively developing over the past few years. At the same time, tomato plants affect more than 200 different pests and diseases. Pathogens of viral diseases of plants are an important limiting factor for many branches of crop production, including vegetable growing. In recent years, in European countries, the production of tomatoes in open field and greenhouses has suffered from serious losses caused mainly by viral phytopathogens. The article presents an overview of the three most dangerous viruses, pathogens of tomato diseases – tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). These viruses have been repeatedly detected in a number of countries on almost all continents and have caused significant economic losses in the countries of their distribution. In view of the very rapid spread and detection of dangerous tomato viruses in a number of countries engaged in the production and further export of tomato seeds and fruits, Rosselkhoznadzor, from July 27, 2020, introduced as a temporary quarantine phytosanitary measure the requirement that these viruses are not present in seeds, planting material and fruits of host plants when they are imported and moved through the territory of the Russian Federation. The results of the phytosanitary risk analyses conducted at the Federal State Budgetary Institution «VNIIKR» in 2020 showed that ToBRFV, PepMV and TSWV meet the criteria of quarantine organisms for the Russian Federation, viruses are able to enter the territory of the country with quarantined products, spread and cause significant damage to the development of agriculture and economic activity of the country.


Author(s):  
B.V. Ivanov ◽  
S.V. Kristalinskaya ◽  
E.A. Gladysheva ◽  
D.A. Dobrynin

The article presents the results of the analysis of the indicators of the competitions of grants of the President of the Russian Federation held in 2020 for state support of young Russian scientists and competitive selection for receiving personal scholarships named after J.I. Alferov for young scientists in the field of physics and nanotechnology: generalized data on the number of publications of winners, distribution of participants and winners by research areas, federal districts, regions, departments and organizations.


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