Xylazine or detomidine in dairy calves: a comparison of clinically relevant pharmacodynamic parameters under sedation

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (01) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Claudia Gittel ◽  
Walter Brehm ◽  
Maike Wippern ◽  
Susanne Roth ◽  
Aline Hillmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Interventional Study ◽  
Chemical Restraint ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Sedation Scores ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Group D ◽  
Lateral Recumbency

Abstract Objective Chemical restraint in dairy calves is necessary to enable diagnostic and surgical procedures. It is unclear whether xylazine or detomidine differ with regard to desirable and unwanted effects. Material and methods In a prospective randomized interventional study, 10 healthy Holstein-Friesian calves (age range 3–6 month) were sedated with either xylazine (0.1 mg/kg, Group X, n = 5) or detomidine (0.03 mg/kg, Group D, n = 5) intravenously, followed by butorphanol (0.1 mg/kg i. v.) in all animals. Characteristics of sedation and selected pharmacodynamic parameters were compared between groups using a non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. Results All calves (5/5) in Group X and (3/5) calves in Group D became laterally recumbent within 5 minutes. Two calves (40 %) in Group D remained standing and could not been positioned in lateral recumbency 15 minutes after initial administration of the sedation agents. Sedation scores, onset and duration of sedation did not differ between groups. Heart and respiratory rate decreased in both groups. Mean arterial pressure was with around 30 mmHg significantly higher in Group D (t25, t30, t35, t40 with p = 0.018, 0.036, 0.029 and 0.016, respectively). In Group X, glucose level (t60) and packed cell volume (t30) were significantly lower (p = 0.032 and 0.048, respectively). Conclusion and clinical relevance The xylazine-butorphanol combination provided reliable recumbent chemical restraint. With detomidine-butorphanol recumbency failed in some individuals, but a sufficient clinical sedation was achieved. Based on the limited monitoring used in this study, the side effects are of minor clinical relevance in healthy individuals.

scholarly journals Observational Study on Variation of Longitudinal Platelet Counts in Calves over the First 14 Days of Life and Reference Intervals from Cross-Sectional Platelet and Leukocyte Counts in Dairy Calves up to Two Months of Age

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Emma Strous ◽  
Arne Vanhoudt ◽  
Anja Smolenaars ◽  
Gerdien van Schaik ◽  
Matthijs Schouten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Leukocyte Counts ◽  
Count Reference

Platelet and leukocyte count reference intervals (RIs) for cattle differ by age and while adult RIs are known, RIs for calves are studied less. The aims of this observational study are to evaluate variation of platelet counts of Holstein Friesian calves over the first 14 days of life and to propose RIs for platelet and leukocyte counts of Holstein Friesian calves aged 0–60 days. In a longitudinal study, 19 calves were blood sampled 17 times, in the first 14 days of their lives. Blood was collected in a citrate blood tube and platelet counts were determined. We assessed the course of platelet counts. In a field study, 457 healthy calves were blood sampled once. Blood was collected in an EDTA blood tube and platelet and leukocyte counts were determined. The RIs were calculated by the 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles. Platelet counts started to increase 24 h after birth (mean platelet count 381 × 109/L ± 138 × 109/L) and stabilized after five days (mean platelet count 642 × 109/L ± 265 × 109/L). In calves up to six days of age, platelet counts were lower than in calves older than five days. In conclusion, the RIs of platelet and leukocyte counts in calves were wider in range than the RIs for adult cattle, therefore, calf specific RIs for platelet and leukocyte counts should be used. From 6 until 60 days of age, we propose an RI for platelet counts of 287–1372 × 109/L and for the first 60 days of life an RI for leukocyte counts of 4.0–18.9 × 109/L.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Risk of Tumors Diseases Based on Measurement of Urinary and Serumal Antioxidants Using the New Agar Diffusion Methods

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhou ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Hui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
Tumor Diseases ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Urine And Serum ◽  
Effect Of Age

Objectives. To discuss the characteristics of the amount of urinary total antioxidants in tumor diseases and the possibility of utilizing the changing regulation of urinary antioxidants to diagnose tumor diseases.Method. Urine and serum specimens from 130 healthy people were used to investigate the variation of antioxidant capacity against age. Urine and serum specimens from 44 unselected patients with tumors and 44 healthy people with same age background were used to explore the significance of urinary antioxidant capacity in clinic to diagnose tumor diseases. Potassium permanganate agar method and iodine starch method were used to determine the amount of total antioxidants.Results. In healthy people, more antioxidants in urine were measured in older people, while the results were opposite in serum. More antioxidants were found in urine of tumor patients than in healthy people with same age-range.Conclusions. According to the results of 130 measurements, the amount of antioxidants in urine varies by age. By using agar methods to measure antioxidants, the effect of age is required to be considered. Antioxidants levels from tumor patients were significantly higher than healthy individuals in urine. The combination of urine and serum to determine total antioxidants can better diagnose tumor diseases based on iodine starch method, with area under the receiver operating characteristics curve at 0.787.

scholarly journals OUTCOME OF DACRYOCYSTORHINOSTOMY WITH OR WITHOUT SILICON INTUBATION IN PRIMARY NASOLACRIMAL DUCT OBSTRUCTION

1969 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Haroon Rashid ◽  
Faizur Rahman ◽  
Abid Naseem ◽  
Arshad Iqbal.
Keyword(s):  
Nasolacrimal Duct ◽  
Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction ◽  
Interventional Study ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Duct Obstruction ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Silicon Tube ◽  
Complications Rate ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Male To Female

Objectives: The objective of the study was to compare the outcome of Classical Dacrocystorhinostomy(DCR) alone or with Slicon intubation in patients of primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction.Study design: This is a randomized prospective interventional study performed at Saidu Teaching Hospitalform from 1st January'2006 to 31st December 2006.Material and methods: Diagnosis of nasolacrimal duct obstruction was made on basis of history, clinicalexamination, regurgitation test and syringing of the nasolacrimal passage. Patients were selected byconvenient sampling and were randomized to two groups, for DCR with and without Silicon tube. Silicontube was removed after 4 months of surgery. Patients were followed up to 6 months.Results: Total number of patients was one hundred. Fifty (50%) patients were operated with siliconintubation and 50 (50%) without silicon intubation. Male to female ratio was 1:1.27.Age range was 15 yearsto 80 years. Mean, median and mode ages were 42.54, 47 and 30 years respectively. Eleven patients werelost from the study at various stages and were not included in the results of the study. The complicationsnoted were silicon tube loss in 2 cases, silicon tube displacement in 3 cases and DCR failure in 4 cases.Among the failure, 2 cases belonged to each group with and without silicon intubation.Conclusions: We conclude that the complications rate with and without silicon intubation is the same inprimary nasolacrimal duct obstruction. It is therefore, recommended that silicon intubation may not benecessary in such cases.Key words: DCR, Intubation, NLD Obstruction.

scholarly journals Biochemical Study of Gonad Hormones in Sera of Iraqi Patients with Thyroid Disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 907-914
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Binding Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Molecular Binding ◽  
Specialized Center ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Range

The objective of this study was to evaluate the alteration in levels of gonado trophins hormones i.e.,Leutizing (LH),Follicular(FSH) in sera of patients with thyroid disorders and molecular binding study of (LH ,FSH) with their antibodies The study was conducted at the specialized center for endocrinology and diabetes from January / 2009 to March / 2010.Two hundreds and twenty three Iraqi subjects, 109 patients with thyroid disorders at age range between (40-50) years and 114 healthy individuals as control group were included in this study.The majority of patients were female with hyperthyroidism and (49.54 % ) were at age range between(40 - 50) years. The levels of hormones(LH,FSH.tri iodothyronine(T3).thyroxine(T4), thyroid stimulating hormoneTSH) were measured by using Enzyme Linked Flourscent Assay( ELFA, while residual studies used Immuno Raido Metric Assay(IRMA) method only.It was found that production of TSH was increased with about (15-20) fold in hyperthyroidism over that in control.Sixty percent of patients with hyperthyroidism were underweight BMI?20.0 (kg/m2) while (44.5%) of patients with hypothyroidism were overweight BMI( 25.0-29.9)kg/m2 . The mean level of LH and FSH had increased significantly (p

Comparison of single-shot nebuliser protocol between dexmedetomidine and ketamine in children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging

2021 ◽  
pp. 175045892110374
Author(s):  
K Geetha ◽  
Shibani Padhy ◽  
K Karishma
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Deep Sedation ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Sedation Scores ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Group D

Background Sedation for magnetic resonance imaging mandates deep sedation to ensure patient immobility. The nebulised route of drug delivery carries the advantage of good bioavailability and safety profile. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of nebulised dexmedetomidine and ketamine for sedation in children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. Methods A total of 71 children, aged two to eight years scheduled for outpatient magnetic resonance imaging were randomly allocated to receive nebulised dexmedetomidine 2 μg/kg (group D) or nebulised ketamine 2 mg/kg (group K) 30min before magnetic resonance imaging. Results Nebulised dexmedetomidine (2 μg/kg) resulted in faster onset and significantly better sedation scores with rapid clear-headed recovery. Ketamine resulted in better venepuncture scores but was associated with more neuropsychological events at recovery. Conclusion Nebulised dexmedetomidine at 2 μg/kg provides rapid onset of satisfactory sedation, with good parental separation and a quicker and more clear-headed recovery, allowing for a smooth magnetic resonance imaging experience.

RAISING DAIRY CALVES WITHOUT WHOLE MILK

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Milk Substitutes ◽  
Milk Feeding

The results of feeding experiments, involving a total of 117 Holstein-Friesian calves, were reported. No whole milk nor fresh skimmilk was fed to the calves after their second day of age. Milk substitutes containing 40 to 50 per cent dried skimmilk, 5 to 10 per cent emulsified, stabilized lard and at least 30 p.p.m. of Aureomycin (chlortetracycline) or Terramycin (oxytetracycline) in the dry matter permitted weight gains equal to, or exceeding, the Beltsville standards during the milk feeding period. Supplementary lecithin had no effect on performance of the calves. Weaning calves from milk substitutes at weights of 145 to 150 lb. was considered preferable to weaning at specified ages because of apparent differences in physiological development that exist among calves for the first few months of life.

scholarly journals Electronic feeding behavioural data as indicators of health status in dairy calves

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Johnston ◽  
D.A. Kenny ◽  
M. McGee ◽  
S.M. Waters ◽  
A.K. Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Calf Health ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Net Energy Intake ◽  
Clinical Measurements ◽  
Calf Rearing

AbstractThe objectives of this study were (i) to characterise clinical health in dairy calves on an Irish research farm during the artificial calf-rearing period and (ii) to determine whether calves’ pre-weaning intakes and feeding behaviour, recorded by electronic calf feeders, changes in response to incidents of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Holstein-Friesian (H-F) and Jersey (J) calves were fed by automatic milk replacer (MR) and concentrate feeders. Feeding behaviour, including MR consumption, drinking speed, number of rewarded and unrewarded visits to the feeder as well as concentrate consumption, was recorded by the feeders. A modified version of the Wisconsin calf health scoring criteria chart was used to score calves’ clinical measurements and identify incidences of BRD. Thus, 40% of calves were found to have at least one incident of BRD. Feeding behaviour was altered during incidents of BRD. The number of unrewarded visits to the feeder was reduced, by approximately four visits, for calves with BRD during the 3 d prior to the identification of BRD(P< 0.05) and tended to be reduced during the 7 d following the identification of BRD(P= 0.05), compared with healthy calves. Additionally, calves with BRD had a tendency for reduced net energy intake (approximately 8%) during the 3 d prior to the identification of BRD, compared with healthy calves. Therefore, calf feeding behavioural data, recorded by electronic feeders during the pre-weaning period, can indicate cases of BRD.

scholarly journals The EuBIVAS Project: Within- and Between-Subject Biological Variation Data for Serum Creatinine Using Enzymatic and Alkaline Picrate Methods and Implications for Monitoring

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1527-1536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Carobene ◽  
Irene Marino ◽  
Abdurrahman Coşkun ◽  
Mustafa Serteser ◽  
Ibrahim Unsal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Biological Variation ◽  
European Federation ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Homogeneity Analysis ◽  
Variation Data ◽  
Performance Specifications ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Analytical Variation

Abstract BACKGROUND The European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) European Biological Variation Study (EuBIVAS) has been established to deliver rigorously determined biological variation (BV) indices. EuBIVAS determined BV for serum creatinine using the enzymatic and alkaline picrate measurement methods. METHOD In total, 91 healthy individuals (38 males, 53 females; age range, 21–69 years) were bled for 10 consecutive weeks at 6 European laboratories. An equivalent protocol was followed at each center. Sera were stored at −80 °C before analysis. Analyses for each patient were performed in duplicate within a single run on an ADVIA 2400 system (San Raffaele Hospital, Milan). The data were subjected to outlier and homogeneity analysis before performing CV-ANOVA to determine BV and analytical variation (CVA) estimates with confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS The within-subject BV estimates [CVI (95% CI)] were similar for enzymatic [4.4% (4.2–4.7)] and alkaline picrate [4.7% (4.4–4.9)] methods and lower than the estimate presently available online (CVI = 5.9%). No significant male/female BV differences were found. Significant differences were observed in mean creatinine values between men and women and between Turkish individuals and those of other nationalities. Between-subject BV (CVG) estimates, stratified accordingly, produced CVG values similar to historical BV data. CVA was 1.1% for the enzymatic and 4.4% for alkaline picrate methods, indicating that alkaline picrate methods fail to fulfill analytical performance specifications for imprecision (CVAPS). CONCLUSIONS The serum creatinine CVI obtained by EuBIVAS specifies a more stringent CVAPS than previously identified. The alkaline picrate method failed to meet this CVAPS, raising questions regarding its future use.

scholarly journals A Study on Medically Inclined Apparently Healthy Individuals Acquiring Urinary Tract Infections in North-Central, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel David Otobo
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Medical College Campus ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) simply the symptomatic or asymptomatic colonization of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder or/and the urethra by microorganisms, commonly bacteria. When these infections affect the kidneys, it is known as pyelonephritis. Objectives: To calculate the percentile risk of medically inclined apparently healthy individuals acquiring urinary tract infection. Methods: Written consent was sought on every questionnaire. It was carried out within the period of August to November, 2018. The study was done with over 160 persons; 154 questionnaires were accepted as properly filled. The questionnaires were gender specific. Persons cut across doctors, nurses, laboratory scientists, nursing students and medical students. The sampling study used was single blinded method. Areas studied were Plateau state (Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau Specialist Hospital and school of Midwifery; Vom), Abuja (University of Abuja Medical College Campus) and Nasarawa state (Bingham University). Data was collected, tabulated and classified into mild, moderate and high risks. (males, N = 71 with an age range of 19 - 45 years; females, N = 83 with an age range of 19 - 44 years). Results: Assessment criteria male/female low risk 42 (59.2%)/10 (12.0%), moderate risk 23 (32.4%)/29 (34.9%) and high risk 6 (08.5%)/44 (53.0%). Conclusions: Hygiene is a crucial factor in predisposition to UTI. Women are at higher risk of acquiring urinary tract infections. Sickle cell may be a predisposing factor to pyelonephritis.

scholarly journals Effect of calf starter on the growth performance of dairy calves

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Rezaul Mahmud Nahid ◽  
Md Anwar Hossain ◽  
Mst Latifa Yesmin Camy ◽  
Md Rakibul Hasan ◽  
Shuvendu Sarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Common Salt ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Height Gain ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

Dairy calves must be fed appropriately to meet their nutritional needs, supporting optimal growth and development to achieve the recommended target age at first calving (AFC) of 24 months. Traditional restricted milk feeding practices suppress growth, contribute to negative welfare states and may result in malnutrition and immunosuppression. In this study a total of eight high yielding calves (four Holstein Friesian and four Sahiwal breed) whose average body weight was 44.8 kg and 58 kg respectively. The supplied calf starter was composed of maize crushed, rice polish, wheat bran, gram broken, mustard oil cake, vitamin mineral premix, molasses and common salt. Calf starter was supplied initially 0.25 kg/day/calf in equal halves to the experimental calves twice a day i.e. at 7.00 AM and 12.30 PM and gradually increase upto 1 kg/d/calf. Average body weight gain, wither height gain, body length gain, barrel height gain, and hip height gain in Sahiwal and Holstein Friesian calves were 65.97±1.04 Kg, 31.04±1.13 inch, 32.34±1.46 inch, 12.80±0.71 inch, 35.05±1.27 inch, and 53.61±2.41 Kg, 29.78±1.17 inch, 30.93±1.66 inch 11.78±0.66 inch, 33.44±1.41 inch respectively. Our study concluded to establish a consensus on calf feeding standards which support physiological function, facilitate weaning, support growth targets and ensure calf health and welfare is protected. Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2020, 5 (2), 60-64

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