scholarly journals The influence of accidental physical contacts between individuals on viral infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 2090 (1) ◽  
pp. 012020
Author(s):  
I V Derevich ◽  
A A Panova
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Systems ◽  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Random Environment ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Local Concentration ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Random Level

Abstract The paper is devoted to the results of numerical modelling of non-stationary effects during the spread of a viral infection in a small group of individuals. We are considering the case of the spread of a viral infection by airborne droplets. Two consecutive stages of infection of the body are considered. At the first stage, virions enter the lungs and as a result of viremia are transported to the affected organs. In the second stage, the virions actively replicate in the affected organs. Random movement of individuals in the group changes the local concentration of virions near the selected individual. The random level of virion concentration may be greater than a certain critical value after which the infection of the selected individual will go into an irreversible stage. The main purpose of our work is to illustrate qualitatively new effects that occur in nonlinear systems in a random environment.

ACE-2-Receptors of the Epidermis, Dermal Vascular Walls and Sebaceous Gland Cells: The Way of COVID-19 Entry into the Body?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Bittmann
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Sebaceous Gland ◽  
The Body ◽  
Viral Agent ◽  
Therapy Options ◽  
Vascular Walls ◽  
Fish Market ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa

Since the outbreak near a fish market in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, researchers have been searching for an effective therapy to control the spreading of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and inhibit COVID-19 infection. Many countries like Italy, Spain, and the USA were ambushed by this viral agent. To date, more than 2.5 million people were infected with SARS-CoV-2. There is no clear answer, why SARS-CoV-2 infects so many people so fast. To date of April 2020, no effective drug has been found to treat this new severe viral infection. There are many therapy options under review and clinical trials were initiated to get clearer information, what kind of drug can help in this devastating and serious situation. The world has no time.

‘She Sleeps Well and Eats an Egg’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Newton
Keyword(s):  
Life Style ◽  
The Body ◽  
Serious Illness ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Full Strength ◽  
Central Argument

Serious illness often left the body weak and lean, full of the ‘footsteps of disease’; it wasn’t until full strength and flesh had returned that the patient was pronounced back to health. This chapter explores the second stage of recovery in contemporary perceptions, the restoration of strength, or ‘convalescence’. It asks how the patient’s growing strength was measured and promoted, and unveils a concept of convalescent care, ‘analeptics’. The central argument is that both the mechanisms and the measures for the restoration of strength were intimately connected to the ‘non-natural things’, six dietary and life-style factors. The opening sections explain why the body was weak after illness, and categorize the convalescent within contemporary schemes of health. The rest of the chapter is structured around the signs of increasing strength, each of which was associated with a particular non-natural: ‘the final purge’, ‘sleeping through the night’, ‘feeling hungry’, ‘growing cheerful’, and ‘sitting up to going abroad’.

Nitric oxide and interval hypoxic training in COVID-19 rehabilitation— new research direction

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Tatyana Nikolaevna Tsyganova ◽  
Egor Egorov ◽  
Tamara Nikolaevna Voronina
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Hypoxic Training

COVID-19, a disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, primarily affects lung tissue and disrupts gas exchange, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome, systemic hypoxia, and lung damage. The search for methods of prevention and rehabilitation, especially after suffering from pneumonia caused by COVID-19, is on the agenda. This article discusses the possibilities of the interval hypoxic training (IHT) method for preventing infections by initiating nitric oxide production in the body. One of the main effects of IHT is the balanced stimulation of nitric oxide (NO) secretion. Over the past two decades, there has been an increasing interest in the function of nitric oxide (NO) in the human body. Nitric oxide plays a key role in maintaining normal vascular function and regulating inflammatory processes, including those leading to lung damage and the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Our immune system destroys bacteria and viruses by oxidative burst, i.e. when oxygen accumulates inside the cell. This process also involves nitric oxide, a signaling molecule that has an antibacterial and antiviral effect, as well as regulates vascular tone and affects the permeability of the cell wall. Interval hypoxytherapy enhances endogenous oxidative protection and increases the amount of nitric oxide, thus allowing the body’s cells to resist infection more effectively. Mitochondrial NOS induction and mitochondrial NO synthesis increase under the action of pathogenic factors on the cell. By modulating the activity of mtNOS and the synthesis of mitochondrial NO, it is possible to increase the resistance to hypoxic effects. Interval hypo-hyperoxic training as an effective non-specific method of increasing the body’s defenses is indispensable not only in the prevention of viral infection, but also in rehabilitation after viral pneumonia, as well as as a method that reduces the severity of viral infection in the event of infection.

Benchmarking the efficiencies of Indonesia’s municipal water utilities using Stackelberg data envelopment analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Wibowo ◽  
Hans Wilhelm Alfen
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Restrictive Assumption ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a yardstick efficiency comparison of 269 Indonesian municipal water utilities (MWUs) and measures the impact of exogenous environmental variables on efficiency scores. Design/methodology/approach – Two-stage Stackelberg leader-follower data envelopment analysis (DEA) and artificial neural networks (ANN) were employed. Findings – Given that serviceability was treated as the leader and profitability as the follower, the first and second stage DEA scores were 55 and 32 percent (0 percent = totally inefficient, 100 percent = perfectly efficient), respectively. This indicates sizeable opportunities for improvement, with 39 percent of the total sample facing serious problems in both first- and second-stage efficiencies. When profitability instead leads serviceability, this results in more decreased efficiency. The size of the population served was the most important exogenous environmental variable affecting DEA efficiency scores in both the first and second stages. Research limitations/implications – The present study was limited by the overly restrictive assumption that all MWUs operate at a constant-return-to-scale. Practical implications – These research findings will enable better management of the MWUs in question, allowing their current level of performance to be objectively compared with that of their peers, both in terms of scale and area of operation. These findings will also help the government prioritize assistance measures for MWUs that are suffering from acute performance gaps, and to devise a strategic national plan to revitalize Indonesia’s water sector. Originality/value – This paper enriches the body of knowledge by filling in knowledge gaps relating to benchmarking in Indonesia’s water industry, as well as in the application of ensemble two-stage DEA and ANN, which are still rare in the literature.

scholarly journals A Survey on Effectiveness of B. K.S. Iyengar Yoga Plan for Cold

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Parul Baghel
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Current Survey ◽  
Mild Fever

Cold is generally characterized by initial symptoms of a stuffy nose, sore throat, runny nose, mild fever, headache, mild fever. Infection of cold is a viral infection. The cold lasts for a maximum of two weeks. Cold primarily affects the nose and throat, mainly the upper respiratory tract and throat are affected. The cause of cold is a viral infection, many viruses are responsible for cold. The treatment prescribed by medical practitioners involves analgesic, antihistamine, decongestant, nasal steroids. All medicines show side effects like dizziness, drowsiness, blurred vision. Thus, there is a need to find a treatment for a cold having no therapeutic side effects. Yoga is now a days followed as a way to live a healthy life.  B.K.S Iyengar yoga focuses on precise physical ailment of the body with particular postures. Very few studies on the effectiveness of B.KS Iyengar yoga have been conducted. The current survey focuses on finding the efficacy of performing specific yoga sequences for cold.

Terapi Mandi Terhadap Pecandu Narkotika Di Pondok Pesantren Al-Qodir Cangkringan Sleman Yogyakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muslimah Muslimah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
The Body ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Preparation Stage ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Bath Therapy

This study aims to determine how the process and benefits of bath therapy for narcotic addicts at Al-Qodir Islamic Boarding School, Cangkringan, Sleman Yogyakarta. This research is a qualitative research with two clients who undergo healing due to narcotics addiction. Methods of data collection by interview, observation, documentation. The method of checking the validity of the data used the "triangulation" technique. Data analysis using qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of this study describe that the process of bathing therapy carried out by narcotic addicts at the Al-Qodir Islamic boarding school goes through several stages. The first is the preparation stage, namely the therapist preparing the facilities, waking the narcotic addicts santri, and reading prayers into the bathroom. The second stage of implementation is the intention to bathe, perform ablution, and pour water all over the body. The third stage of closing is reading the prayer out of the bathroom, and giving suggestions from the therapist. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses dan manfaat terapi mandi terhadap pecandu narkotika di Pondok Pesantren Al-Qodir Cangkringan Sleman Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan subjek penelitian dua orang klien yang menjalani penyembuhan akibat pecandu narkotika. Metode  pengumpulan data dengan wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi. Metode pemeriksaan keabsahan data dengan tehnik “triangulasi”. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini mendeskripsikan bahwa proses terapi mandi yang dilakukan oleh para santri pecandu narkotika di pondok pesantren Al-Qodir ini melalui beberapa tahapan. Pertama tahap persiapan yaitu terapis menyiapkan sarana, membangunkan para santri pecandu narkotika, dan membaca do’a masuk kamar mandi. Tahap kedua pelaksanaan yaitu niat mandi, berwudhu, menyiramkan air ke seluruh tubuh. Tahap ketiga penutupan yaitu membaca do’a keluar kamar mandi, dan memberikan sugesti dari terapis.

Limits to elastic response. Yielding and failure

2020 ◽  
pp. 357-368
Author(s):  
Lallit Anand ◽  
Sanjay Govindjee
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Maximum Principal Stress ◽  
The Body ◽  
Elastic Response ◽  
Elastic Behaviour ◽  
Pressure Independent ◽  
Yield Conditions ◽  
Is Failure

This chapter presents conditions for determining the limits of elastic behaviour for isotropic materials. The stress invariants of equivalent pressure, equivalent shear stress, and equivalent tensile stress are defined. These are then used to define common yield conditions, viz. the pressure-independent Mises and Tresca yield conditions, as well as the pressure-dependent Coulomb-Mohr and the Drucker-Prager yield conditions. Rankine’s failure criterion for brittle materials in tension, that is failure in a brittle material will initiate when the maximum principal stress at a point in the body reaches a critical value, is also discussed.

An elderly lady with multiple blisters all over the body: Hailey Hailey Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Tanzina Nuhat Sharma ◽  
Lima Saha ◽  
Mohiuddin Sharif ◽  
Md Mahfuzul Haque ◽  
Md Robed Amin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Family History ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Calcium Metabolism ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
The Body ◽  
Minor Trauma ◽  
Brick Wall ◽  
Severe Attack

Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD) is an autosomal-dominant genodermatosis, associated with abnormal epithelial cell adhesion due to altered calcium metabolism. Clinical features involve painful red blisters, erosions, fissured and hypertrophic plaques predominantly in the intertriginous areas. Heat, friction, minor trauma, superimposed bacterial or viral infection can aggravate the condition. Here, we report a case of a 50-year old lady with no previous family history presented with severe attack of HHD since last 5 months. Histology showed acantholysis of keratinocytes resembling characteristic dilapidated brick wall appearance in the epidermis layer of skin which helped for the confirmed diagnosis. Bangladesh J Medicine Jan 2020; 31(1) : 29-32

Dynamics of factor VIII interactions determine its immunologic fate in hemophilia A

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Lacroix-Desmazes ◽  
Ana-Maria Navarrete ◽  
Sébastien André ◽  
Jagadeesh Bayry ◽  
Srinivas V. Kaveri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Hemophilia A ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coagulation Cascade ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Local Concentration ◽  
Inflammatory Microenvironment

Abstract Procoagulant factor VIII (FVIII) is either produced endogenously under physiologic conditions, or administered exogenously as a therapeutic hemostatic drug in patients with hemophilia A. In the circulation, FVIII interacts with a multitude of glycoproteins, and may be used for coagulation at the sites of bleeding, eliminated by scavenger cells, or processed by the immune system, either as a self-constituent or as a foreign antigen. The fate of FVIII is dictated by the immune status of the individual, the location of FVIII in the body at a given time point, and the inflammatory microenvironment. It also depends on the local concentration of FVIII and of each interacting partner, and on the affinity of the respective interactions. FVIII, by virtue of its promiscuity, thus constitutes the core of a dynamic network that links the coagulation cascade, cells of the immune system, and, presumably, the inflammatory compartment. We describe the different interactions that FVIII is prone to establish during its life cycle, with a special focus on players of the innate and adaptive immune response. Lessons can be learned from understanding the dynamics of FVIII interactions—lessons that should pave the way to the conception of long-lasting hemostatic drugs devoid of iatrogenic immunogenicity.

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