scholarly journals Design flaws in compact plants for wastewater treatment in food industry enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (4) ◽  
pp. 042053
Author(s):  
Galina Ambrosova ◽  
Anastasiia Kruglikova
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Anaerobic Bioreactor ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Medium Concentration

Abstract The results of adjustment work, carried out at the local sewage treatment plants of food industry enterprise are presented in this paper. The enterprise has two sites, designed for the treatment of high and medium concentration effluents with a low pH value (3.5-5.5). Concentrated effluents are treated under anaerobic conditions in a compact installation consisting of a waste receiver, an anaerobic bioreactor, centrifuge thickener, centrifuge, flocculant preparation units and reagents. Wastes of medium concentration after neutralization are treated under aerobic conditions. The structure of this compact unit includes first-stage flotators, aerotanks operating for incomplete biological treatment, and second-stage flotators. Foam of the first stage and excess activated sludge of flotation devices of the second stage are dewatered on filter presses without treatment. The essence of the commissioning work consists in a detailed analysis of design solutions for both sites, study of the wastewater composition of high and medium concentration, systematization of operational data, which will allow operation to select the optimal operating mode of the main structures (anaerobic bioreactor and aeration tank). On the basis of the performed work, the optimal technological scheme of the unit for anaerobic digestion of high-concentration effluents has been developed and proposed. It is recommended to abandon the use of reagents, introduced before the flotation devices of the first and the second stages, due to an increase in the working pressure in the saturator for a compact installation designed for the treatment wastewater of medium concentration.

Ecological aspects of modernization of alcohol industry enterprises at the present stage of development

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Marianna Havryshko ◽  
◽  
Olena Popovych ◽  
Halyna Yaremko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Alcohol Industry ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
World Industry

At the present stage of development, the entire world industry has faced the problem of rational use of renewable natural resources, in particular the most efficient ways of wastewater treatment and the use of accumulated waste in the production process as a secondary raw material. In particular, the alcohol industry, as one of the components of food, medical, chemical and various industries,leads to the formation of huge amounts of waste, including wastewater. The food industry, like any other industry, has a negative impact on the environment. Water bodies are the most affected by the food industry. Almost the first place in terms of water consumption per unit of production is the production of alcohol. Consumption of large amounts of water leads to the formation of wastewater, which is highly polluted and adversely affects the environment. Due to the high chemical and biological consumption of oxygen, specific color and odor, suspended solids, low pH value, the purification of such waste in the filtration fields and discharge into water bodies is not possible. The purpose of our work is: 1) conducting the analysis of the alcohol industry potential in Ukraine in recent years, and methods of waste disposal as a potential source for the development of bioenergy. 2) environmental aspects of the alcohol industry modernization at present stage of development and implementation of modern wastewater treatment technologies.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Fermentation Parameters and Bacterial Community in High-Moisture Alfalfa Silage with or without Lactic Acid Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1225
Author(s):  
Shanshan Zhao ◽  
Fengyuan Yang ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Xiaomiao Fan ◽  
Changsong Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Acid Accumulation ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

The aim of this study was to gain deeper insights into the dynamics of fermentation parameters and the bacterial community during the ensiling of high-moisture alfalfa. A commercial lactic acid bacteria (YX) inoculant was used as an additive. After 15 and 30 days of ensiling, the control silage (CK) exhibited a high pH and a high concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N); Enterobacter and Hafnia-Obesumbacterium were the dominant genera. At 60 d, the pH value and the concentration of NH3-N in CK silage increased compared with 15 and 30 d, propionic acid and butyric acid (BA) were detected, and Garciella had the highest abundance in the bacterial community. Compared with CK silage, inoculation of YX significantly promoted lactic acid and acetic acid accumulation and reduced pH and BA formation, did not significantly reduce the concentration of NH3-N except at 60 d, and significantly promoted the abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased the abundance of Garciella and Anaerosporobacter, but did not significantly inhibit the growth of Enterobacter and Hafnia-Obesumbacterium. In conclusion, high-moisture alfalfa naturally ensiled is prone to rot. Adding YX can delay the process of silage spoilage by inhibiting the growth of undesirable microorganisms to a certain extent.

Kinetics of growth and multi substrate degradation by an indigenous mixed microbial culture isolated from a wastewater treatment plant in Guwahati, India

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1101-1106
Author(s):  
Pichiah Saravanan ◽  
K. Pakshirajan ◽  
P. K. Saha
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Mixed Microbial Culture ◽  
Phenol Biodegradation ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Culture Growth

An indigenous mixed culture of microorganisms, isolated from a sewage treatment plant, was investigated for its potential to simultaneously degrade phenol and m-cresol during its growth in batch shake flasks. 22 full factorial designs with the two substrates as the factors, at two different levels and two different initial concentration ranges, were employed to carry out the biodegradation experiments. For complete utilisation of phenol and m-cresol, the culture took a minimum duration of 21 hrs at their low concentration of 100 mg/L each, and a maximum duration of 187 hrs at high concentration of 600 mg/L each in the multisubstrate system. The biodegradation results also showed that the presence of phenol in low concentration range (100–300 mg/L did not inhibit m-cresol biodegradation; on the other hand, presence of m-cresol inhibited phenol biodegradation by the culture. Moreover, irrespective of the concentrations used, phenol was degraded preferentially and earlier than m-cresol. During the culture growth, a lag phase was observed above a combined concentration of 500 mg/L i.e., 200 mg/L m-cresol and 300 mg/L of phenol and above). Statistical analysis of the specific growth rate of the culture in the multisubstrate system was also performed in the form of ANOVA and Student ‘t’ test, which gave good interpretation in terms of main and interaction effects of the substrates.

Separation of Heavy Metal Ions from the Solution Obtained by Leaching Low-Grade Pyrolusite with Pyrite and H2SO4

2013 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
Xing Zou ◽  
Xiang Quan Chen ◽  
Hai Chao Xie ◽  
Xiao Dan Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Sulfate Solution ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Manganese Sulfate ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Concentration

The manganese sulfate solution leached from low-grade pyrolusite with pyrite and H2SO4 contains heavy metal ions of high concentration, influencing the quality of the final products of manganese compounds and causing manganese ions not to be electrolyzed. The present study was focused on the separation of Co, Ni and Zn ions from the leached solution with BaS. By controlling the pH value at 5.0-6.5, temperature at 50-60°C, reaction time at 15 min and mixing velocity at 78 rpm, the heavy metal ions could be separated effectively. Under the above optimized conditions, the ion concentration of Co, Ni, and Zn in the solution was reduced to 0.06 mg.L-1, 0.27mg.L-1 and 0.01mg.L-1, and the separation efficiency was 99.72%, 99.18% and 99.9% respectively. The obtained pure solution meets the demands of manganese electrowinning.

Order-disorder phenomena in α -brass - III. Influence of plastic deformation

1960 ◽  
Vol 257 (1290) ◽  
pp. 363-385 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Stored Energy ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Complex Behaviour ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Anneal Hardening ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Degree Of Order

The evolution of stored energy during heating for specimens of deformed α-brass is quite different from that previously observed for pure metals; the stored energy is much larger and at least three stages of evolution exist. These have been studied for deformation in torsion and tension and the results correlated with measurements of electrical resistivity, density and hardness. The large release of energy in the first two stages is attributed mainly to the return of order destroyed by plastic deformation; the degree of disorder after heavy cold work is much greater than after quenching (part II). However, slight deformation (10% tension) increases the degree of order slightly. The first stage of energy release, below 120 °C, is probably due to rapid reordering assisted by vacancies created during deformation. The second stage represents the bulk of the reordering and some recovery involving rearrangement and annihilation of dislocations. The deformed specimens are probably strain-aged and thus recovery is accompanied by the dispersal of atmospheres of zinc which increases resistivity and decreases density, to some extent counteracting the effects of recovery. The balance of these three processes in stage 2 causes complex behaviour, the magnitude and even the sign of some changes in properties varies with the deformation. Reordering is complete before the beginning of the third stage of further recovery and recrystallization, in which dispersal of atmospheres is again important. Comparison of measurements of energy, resistivity and density suggests that the high concentration of stacking faults contributes to the resistivity. Anneal hardening is observed for the higher deformations and the maximum hardness coincides with the maximum degree of order.

Cañihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) a promising superfood in food industry: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry Fredy Gomez Cahuata ◽  
Yessica Estefany Rosas-Quina ◽  
Erika Pachari Vera
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Functional Value ◽  
Potential Applications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to divulge the current knowledge about the nutritional and functional characteristics of Cañihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen), in addition to its potential applications in the food industry since research studies related to it are still limited compared to other cereals of greater diffusion. Design/methodology/approach The scientific information was collected from Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar databases, using keywords such as nutrition value of Chenopodium pallidicaule, amaranth and pseudocereals. Consistent information was selected according to its relevance, year of publication and accuracy with the topic. A total of 49 research papers were selected. Findings Cañihua is a grain with high nutritional potential, considered a superfood because it has a high protein quality, a balanced composition of essential amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids, with a high concentration of linoleic and oleic acid. Besides, it has a good level of bioactive compounds with high antioxidant capacity. However, its production and consumption are limited outside its area of origin, although its cultivation is possible under harsh conditions. Originality/value This paper, through a systematic bibliographic review, highlights the potential of cañihua to be considered in the development of food products with high nutritional and functional value. The information compiled will help researchers and professionals become aware of the importance of this grain and join forces in its processing and enhancement of its attributes.

COD removal efficiency and mechanism of HMBR in high volumetric loading for ship domestic sewage treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1509-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linan Zhu ◽  
Hailing He ◽  
Chunli Wang
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Remarkable Effect ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Volumetric Loading

The hybrid membrane bioreactor (HMBR) has been applied in ship domestic sewage treatment under high volumetric loading for ship space saving. The mechanism and influence factors on the efficiency, including hydraulic retention time (HRT), dissolved oxygen (DO) of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were investigated. The HMBR's average COD removal rate was up to 95.13% on volumetric loading of 2.4 kgCOD/(m3•d) and the COD concentration in the effluent was 48.5 mg/L, far below the International Maritime Organization (IMO) discharge standard of 125 mg/L. DO had a more remarkable effect on the COD removal efficiency than HRT. In addition, HMBR revealed an excellent capability of resisting organics loading impact. Within the range of volumetric loading of 0.72 to 4.8 kg COD/(m3•d), the effluent COD concentration satisfied the discharge requirement of IMO. It was found that the organics degradation in the aeration tank followed the first-order reaction, with obtained kinetic parameters of vmax (2.79 d−1) and Ks (395 mg/L). The original finding of this study had shown the effectiveness of HMBR in organic contaminant degradation at high substrate concentration, which can be used as guidance in the full scale of the design, operation and maintenance of ship domestic sewage treatment devices.

scholarly journals Pre-fermentative treatment of a model wine with aim to serve as a functional food with decreased alcohol content

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (01) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Irina Mladenoska ◽  
Verica Petkova ◽  
Tatjana Kadifkova Panovska
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Gluconic Acid ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Initial Ph

The effect of substrate concentration on the enzyme activity in the reaction of glucose conversion into gluconic acid was investigated by using three different enzyme preparations in media with two different glucose concentrations. The media were simulating the conditions in the must, thus named as minimal model must, and were composed form combination of several organic acids and glucose. Those media were having initial pH of 3.5 that is a very unfavorable for glucose oxidase activity having a pH optimum at the pH value of 5.5. Among the three preparations used, the bakery additive, Alphamalt Gloxy 5080, was the most active in the medium with glucose concentration of 10 g/L, showing conversion of more than 70% for the period of 24 h, while the same enzyme preparation in the medium with 100 g/L glucose converted only about 7% of glucose. The pH value of the medium at the beginning and at the end of the enzymatic reaction was a good indicator of the enzyme activity. It seems that for the conversion of glucose in higher concentration, enzymatic preparation in high concentration should also be used. The preliminary attempt of immobilization of two preparations of glucose oxidases in alginate beads was also performed and a successful immobilization procedure for utilization in food industry was preliminarily developed. Keywords: glucose oxidases, enzymatic pretreatment, glucose, gluconic acid, model wine, functional food

scholarly journals Influence of Fluoride Concentration and pH Value of 35% Hydrogen Peroxide on the Hardness, Roughness and Morphology of Bovine Enamel

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilcilene Costa Nascimento ◽  
Yasmin do Socorro Batista de Lima Gomes ◽  
Larissa Dias Alexandrino ◽  
Hilton Tulio Costi ◽  
José Otávio Carrera Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Knoop Hardness ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Acidic Group ◽  
Bovine Enamel

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of different sodium fluoride (NaF) concentrations and pH values on the Knoop hardness (KHN), surface roughness (SR), and morphology of bovine incisors bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP). Materials and methods Sixty-five bovine incisors were fragmented (5 mm2 × 2 mm) and distributed in 5 groups: Control (unbleached), Low NaF/Acidic (35% HP + 1.3% NaF, pH 5.5), Low NaF/Neutral (35% HP + 1.3% NaF, pH 7.0), High NaF/ Acidic (35% HP + 2% NaF, pH 5.5), and High NaF/Neutral (35% HP + 2% NaF, pH 7.0). KHN analysis was performed with a microhardness tester under a load of 25 gf for 5 seconds. The average SR was obtained with a rugosimeter. KHN and SR were analyzed before and after treatments. For morphological analysis, specimens were dehydrated and gold-sputtered, and scanning electron micrographs were obtained and analyzed by 3 examiners with a double-blinded technique. KHN and SR results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Results Only the Low NaF/Acidic and Low NaF/Neutral groups showed significant differences between the initial and final KHN values. All bleached groups presented significant differences between the initial and final SR values. Among the bleached groups, the least and most morphological changes were shown by the High NaF/Neutral and the Low NaF/Acidic group, respectively. Conclusion Treatment with 35% HP and 2% NaF at pH 7.0 promoted the least changes in morphology, hardness and roughness among the bleached groups. Clinical significance In-office bleaching with high-concentration HP and 2% NaF at neutral pH promoted the least changes in enamel hardness, SR, and morphology compared to other treatments. How to cite this article Nascimento WC, Gomes YSBL, Alexandrino LD, Costi HT, Silva JOC Jr, Silva CM. Influence of Fluoride Concentration and pH Value of 35% Hydrogen Peroxide on the Hardness, Roughness and Morphology of Bovine Enamel. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(4):392-398.

Characteristics and Hazard of the Wastewater from the City Garbage Transfer Stations

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 2919-2925
Author(s):  
Qing Wang ◽  
Wen Yu Zhao ◽  
Bang Ding Ma ◽  
Yu Wu ◽  
Kang Huai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Urban Sewage ◽  
Waste Transfer ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Transfer Stations ◽  
The City

Nine wastewater samples of waste transfer stations had been gathered and analysis in Guilin city. The results indicate that all sewage belongs to high concentration organic wastewater originating from the waste transfer stations. The average value of wastewater’s COD is 5759mg/L and the maximum value is nearly 28000 mg/L. Its organic pollutants are mainly related to the residues of animals and plants. The content of lead(Pb), Chromium (Cr) and other toxic heavy metals in the wastewater could be 10 times higher than emissions standards, and especially total phosphorus’(TP) content could reach to more than 20 times of discharge standard. In order to protect the environmental quality in the vicinity of them and normally operating of the urban sewage treatment plants, it is necessary that these wastewater should be treated alone. A proposal is that integrated equipment should be made by using some technologies combined biology with membrane separation. Through disperse treatment by the equipment, urban sewage transfer stations could be reused or discharged on standard.

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