Use and Interpretation of Common Statistical Tests in Method-Comparison Studies

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
James O Westgard ◽  
Marian R Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
T Test ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Test Sets ◽  
Comparison Data

Abstract We have studied the usefulness of common statistical tests as applied to method comparison studies. We simulated different types of errors in test sets of data to determine the sensitivity of different statistical parameters. Least-squares parameters (slope of least-squares line, its y intercept, and the standard error of estimate in the y direction) provide specific estimates of proportional, constant, and random errors, but comparison data must be presented graphically to detect limitations caused by nonlinearity and errant points. t-test parameters ( bias, standard deviation of difference) provide estimates of constant and random errors, but only when proportional error is absent. Least-squares analysis can estimate proportional error and should be considered a prerequisite to t-test analysis. The correlation coefficient (r) is sensitive only to random error, but is not easily interpreted. Values for r, t, and F are not useful in making decisions on the acceptability of performance. These decisions should be judgments on the errors that are tolerable. Statistical tests can be applied in a manner that provides specific estimates of these errors

scholarly journals ANALISA PERBANDINGAN PENGGUNAAN PEMINDAH TENAGA BERJENIS TIMING BELT DAN RANTAI DENGAN VARIASI PUTARAN MESIN TERHADAP TORSI DAN DAYA KENDARAAN PADA MOTOR VIXION TAHUN 2009

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Wayan Dalem Mahayana ◽  
Nyoman Arya Wigraha ◽  
Gede Widayana
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Timing Belt ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Graph Form ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Engine Power

Sistem pemindah tenaga merupakan suatu system yang berfungsi untuk meneruskan tenaga mesin sampai ke roda. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbandingan torsi pada motor vixion tahun 2009 150cc dengan penggunaan pemindah tenaga berjenis timing belt dengan rantai dan untuk mengetahui perbandingan daya pada motor vixion tahun 2009 150cc dengan penggunaan pemindah tenaga berjenis timing belt dengan rantai. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan menggunakan parameter uji Dynotest Sport Device 3.8. Dari hasil pengujian dari rpm 4500 sampai rpm 9500 dengan kelipatan 500 rpm torsi yang dihasilkan dapat dirata – ratakan menjadi 8.685455 N.m pada penggunaan rantai dan 9.09 N.m pada penggunaan timing belt. Dan dari hasil pengujian dari rpm 4500 sampai rpm 9500 dengan kelipatan 500 rpm daya yang dihasilkan dapat dirata – ratakan menjadi 8.586364 HP pada penggunaan rantai dan 8.973636 HP pada penggunaan timing belt. Data yang didapat diolah menggunakan SPSS 17.0 dengan analisa paired sampel t-test dengan membandingkan data daya yang disalurkan rantai dengan daya yang disalurkan timing belt dan membandingkan torsi yang disalurkan rantai dengan torsi yang disalurkan timing belt dimana hasil penelitian ini disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan grafik. Dan dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan timing belt dapat meneruskan daya dan torsi lebih baik dari rantai dan perbedaannya dinyatakan signifikanKata Kunci : pemindah tenaga, daya, torsi, rantai, timing belt Power transfer system is a system that serves to continue the engine power to the wheels. The purpose of this research is to know the ratio of torsi to motorcycle vixion in 2009 150cc with the use of power transfer manifold timing belt with chain and to know the power ratio in motorcycle vixion year 2009 150cc with the use of power transfer manifold timing belt with chain. The method used in this research is an experiment using Dynotest Sport Device 3.8 test parameters. From the test results from 4500 rpm to 9500 rpm with a multiple of 500 rpm torsi can be averaged to 8.685455 N.m on the use of chains and 9.09 N.m on the use of timing belt. And from the test results from 4500 rpm to 9500 rpm with a multiple of 500 rpm the power generated can be averaged to 8.586364 HP on the use of chains and 8.973636 HP on the use of timing belt. The data obtained was processed using SPSS 17.0 with paired sample t-test analysis by comparing power data channeled by power channeled timing belt and compare torsi channeled by torsi which channeled timing belt where the result of this research is presented in table and graph form. And it can be concluded that the use of timing belt can continue power and torsi better than chain and the difference is significantkeyword : Transfer of power, power, torque, chain, timing belt

scholarly journals Perbedaan Persepsi Mahasiswa Terhadap Kompetensi Preceptor Klinik Dan Preceptor Akademik pada Stase Keperawatan Dasar Profesi (KDP) Program Studi Ners Stikes Guna Bangsa Yogyakarta

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Widuri Widuri
Keyword(s):  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
Clinical Learning ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Research Students ◽  
Nursing Professional

Background: Clinical practice in nursing is an opportunity for all students to translate theoretical knowledge into actual action. In the clinic environment, students jwill be motivated by the suitability of competencies carried out through active participation in clinical learning, while thinking, action, and professional attitudes are played by clinical counselors (preceptors). Objective: To know the difference between student perceptions of clinical preceptor competency and academic preceptor on Basic Nursing Professional Stase. Research Method: This type of research uses descriptive comparative with cross sectional method. The population of this study was all Ners profession students. The research sample amounted to 48 respondents taken using the total sampling technique. Data collection uses questionnaires and the results of statistical tests used are T-test analysis. Results: Based on the research, students 'perceptions of clinical preceptor competency in the medium category were 32 (66.7%) and the students' perceptions of academic preceptor competencies in the high category were 26 (54.2%). The results of the analysis of the T test (t-test), obtained the value of tcount = 0.006. Thus the value of tcount <0.05, it is stated that the hypothesis Ha is accepted. Conclusion: There is a difference between student perceptions of clinical preceptor competency and academic preceptor on Basic Nursing Professional Stase (KDP).

scholarly journals Adaptation of Situ Bagendit, Rindang 1 and Rindang 2 Varieties in Shallow Swamp Ogan Komering Ilir District South Sumatera

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 03021
Author(s):  
Joni Karman ◽  
Suparwoto ◽  
Waluyo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
T Test ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Similarity Test ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Comparison Data

Shallow swamps can be used for rice production during the dry season. The problem that occurs is lack of water. The technology needed to overcome these problems is drought tolerant superior varieties. The purpose of this study is to obtain superior varieties tolerant to drought on shallow lebak swampy. The study was conducted from April 2019 to August 2019. The varieties used were Situ bagendit, Rindang 1, Rindang 2, and the Siam (local) as comparison. Data collected included: plant height, number of productive tillers, number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle, number of empty grains per panicle and production. The method used is direct observation in the field. The data obtained were compiled by tabulation and analyzed by statistical tests namely the similarity test of the middle value (t-test). The results showed that the varieties Situ Bagendit, Rindang 1, and Rindang 2 had better numbers of productive tillers, number of grains per panicle, and number of filled grains per panicle than Siam varieties. The highest production was achieved by the Situ Bagendit variety, namely 4.6 tonnes/ha. Meanwhile, the production of Rindang 2, Rindang 1, and Siam varieties were 4.4; 4.0; and 2.0 tonnes/ha.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KUALITAS AUDIT

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-63
Author(s):  
Heru Heryanto ◽  
Nur Laela ◽  
Riana R Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
T Test ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Analysis Technique

This study aims to determine the significance of the influence of competence, independence, professionalism, auditor experience, accountability, and auditor's knowledge of audit quality. This study uses a questionnaire with a population and sample, namely all auditors who work at the Public Accounting Office (KAP) in the Special Region of Yogyakarta and Surakarta. Sampling techniques using Convenience Sampling with a sample of 61 respondents. The data used in this study is a questionnaire using a Likert scale 1 to 5. The data analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression using the SPSSprogram for Windows. The analysis tool in this study using validity and reliability, the classical assumption (normality test, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity test and autocorrelation test) while the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression test, t test, F test and the coefficient of determination (R2).Based on the results of the t-test analysis performed, it shows that there is a positive influence of competence, independence, professionalism, auditor experience, accountability, and auditor's knowledge of audit quality and simultaneously competency, independence, professionalism, auditor experience, accountability, and auditor knowledge variables affect quality audit

PERBEDAAN PENGARUH COGNITIVE THERAPY (CT) DAN LOGO THERAPY TERHADAP DEPRESI PADA PASIEN DENGAN HEMODIALISIS DI RS WAVA HUSADA KEPANJEN

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nia Agustiningsih ◽  
Setyawati Soeharto ◽  
Rinik Eko Kapti
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Hemodialysis Patient ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
T Test ◽  
Physical Aspect ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Abstract : Patient with chronical diease such as Hemodialysis more likely need psycotherapy because until now medical atention only focus on physical aspect. Psycotherapy that can be used on Hemodialysis that going through depression is cognitive therapy and logo therapy. This study was to analysed the difference of influence between cognitive therapy and logo therapy on Hemodialysis patient that going through depression. This study was used quasi experimental pre–post test design. Respondent taking part in this study was 15 respondent for cognitive therapy and 15 respondent for logo therapy with puporsive sampling procedure. Study was conducted on Hemodialysis unit on RS Wava Husada Kepanjen from 21 April until 26 Mey 2017. Data analysis used on this study was dependent t test  and independent t test. Dependent t test  analysis showed  significant value is 0,000 (less than < 0,05).Analysis showed  significant value is 0,000 (less than < 0,05) that means there is difference between cognitive therapy and logo therapy to decrease depression on hemodialysis patient with mean value cognitive therapy (1,62) dan logo therapy (3,82). Conclussion on this study is that logo therapy more effective to reduce depression on Hemodialysis patient than cognitive therapy so logo therapy can applicated in hemodialysis patient.Keyword : cognitive therapy, logo therapy, depression in hemodialysis patient Abstrak : Pasien dengan penyakit kronis dengan hemodialisis diperlukan psikoterapi karena selama ini fokus penanganan di pelayanan kesehatan hanya pada masalah fisik. Psikoterapi yang bisa digunakan pada pasien hemodialisis yang mengalami depresi adalah cognitive therapy dan logo therapy. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan pengaruh cognitive therapy dan logo therapy terhadap depresi pada pasien dengan hemodialisis. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian quasi experimental pre – post test design. Jumlah responden dalam penelitian ini 15 responden untuk kelompok cognitive therapy dan 15 responden untuk kelompok logo therapy yang didapatkan dengan menggunakan tehnik purposive sampling. Penelitian dilakukan di unit hemodialisis RS Wava Husada Kepanjen mulai tanggal 21 April – 26 Mei 2017. Pemberian terapi dilakukan oleh peneliti sendiri yang telah mendapatkan lisensi dari perawat spesialis jiwa. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dependent t test dan independent t test. Hasil analisis dependent t test  pada kelompok sebelum dan setelah diberikan cognitive therapy dan logo therapy didapatkan hasil nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05 yang berarti bahwa ada perbedaan skor depresi antara sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pemberian cognitive therapy dan logo therapy  Sedangkan hasil analisis independent t test menunjukkan bahwa nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05 yang berarti  ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara cognitive therapy dan logo therapy dalam menurunkan depresi pada pasien dengan hemodialisis yaitu dengan rata – rata penurunan terhadap depresi untuk cognitive therapy dan logo therapy masing – masing yaitu 1,62 dan 3,86.  Hal ini berarti bahwa logo therapy lebih efektif menurunkan depresi pada pasien hemodialisis dari pada cognitive therapy. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut diharapkan bahwa logo therapy bisa diaplikasikan sebagai alternatif psikoterapi pada pasien hemodialisis.Kata Kunci: cognitive therapy, logo therapy, depresi pada pasien hemodialisis

Absorption, Wicking and Drying Characteristics of Compression Garments

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 155892501501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Canan Saricam
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
T Test ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Compression Garments ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
The Relationship

This paper discusses the influence of the production parameters on the moisture related comfort characteristics of the compression garments that differ according to the tension applied during the production and elastane count. Correlation analysis, two sided independent t-test analysis and ANOVA tests were applied to analyze the relationship between the production parameters and comfort characteristics which are absorption, vertical and transfer wicking and drying. It was found that tension and elastane composition affect the comfort characteristics by changing the porosity, thickness and the pathways within the fabric.

27 Oral Supplementation for Burn Patients: Would YOU Eat That?

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S23-S24
Author(s):  
Alisa Savetamal ◽  
Melissa Ebdon
Keyword(s):  
Burn Injury ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
T Test ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Trimmed Mean ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Percentage Point Increase ◽  
Oral Supplements

Abstract Introduction The metabolic demands of burn injury often require that patients consume a high-calorie diet. For patients taking nutrition solely by the oral route, this can be challenging, and supplementation is necessary. The burn team is sometimes frustrated at patients’ inability or perceived unwillingness to consume the daily prescribed supplementation. The purpose of this study was to expose the burn team to the various nutritional supplements offered to patients, and to gain a better understanding of the palatability those supplements. Methods Nine volunteers from the burn team participated in this blinded study: an attending surgeon; surgical residents (2); students (1); therapists (2); and nurses (3). Samples of 9 different nutritional supplements were placed in numbered cups, with the contents known only to the dietitians. The supplements consisted of: “milkshake” consistency drinks (#1,4,6,7, 9); gelatin (#2); frozen custard (#3); clear thin liquid (#5); and pudding (#8). Each participant received one cup of each supplement and was asked to rate the contents on a scale of 1 to 10, with 10 being tastiest. Mean, trimmed mean, and median taste scores were noted. Data were analyzed by t-test and by regression to assess for differences based on protein content. Results The highest mean and trimmed mean scores (7.3 and 7.4) were given to product #8. Product #1 had slightly lower scores (6.4 and 6.1). Product #9 received the lowest mean score (2.2); the trimmed mean was even lower (1.7). Median scores for the products upheld these results, and most of the remainder of the products received median scores of 4 or 5. T-test analysis showed significant differences in preference for products 1 and 8 versus the rest of the products (with means of 2.2 to 5.3). Regression analysis suggests that taste scores tend to be higher for products with a lower percentage of calories from protein, while the higher protein products fare less well in taste (a decline of roughly 0.47 in mean taste score for every 10-percentage point increase in percentage of calories from protein). Conclusions A blinded taste test of commonly offered supplements revealed that most products are, at best, moderately acceptable (median score 4–5). This suggests two potential changes in the approach to oral supplementation. First, the burn team should be sympathetic to the challenges that patients face with oral supplements, particularly the high-protein versions. Second, the burn team may need to be innovative. Chilling the drinks, offering different flavors, mixing flavors, or mixing with other liquids may help patients to take oral supplements more enthusiastically. Sampling these oral supplements has helped our team to understand better what we ask our patients to do to achieve their nutritional goals.

Non-random errors and their importance in testing of hypotheses

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
Mirosław Szreder
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Wrong Decision ◽  
Contemporary Sample ◽  
Hypothesis Testing Procedure ◽  
Testing Of Hypotheses ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Classical Hypothesis

Increasing numbers of non-random errors are observed in contemporary sample surveying – in particular, those resulting from no response or faulty measutrements (imprecise statistical observation). Until recently, the consequences of these kinds of errors have not been widely discussed in the context of the testing of hypoteses. Researchers focused almost entirely on sampling errors (random errors), whose magnitude decreases as the size of the random sample grows. In consequence, researchers who often use samples of very large sizes tend to overlook the influence random and non-random errors have on the results of their study. The aim of this paper is to present how non-random errors can affect the decision-making process based on the classical hypothesis testing procedure. Particular attention is devoted to cases in which researchers manage samples of large sizes. The study proved the thesis that samples of large sizes cause statistical tests to be more sensitive to non-random errors. Systematic errors, as a special case of non-random errors, increase the probability of making the wrong decision to reject a true hypothesis as the sample size grows. Supplementing the testing of hypotheses with the analysis of confidence intervals may in this context provide substantive support for the researcher in drawing accurate inferences.

An Exploratory Study of Operations Management Best Practices

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mastora Mustafar ◽  
Amran Rasli ◽  
Azlin Shafinaz Mohamad Arshad ◽  
Nadhirah Norhalim
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
T Test ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Investigation

The purpose of this paper is to conduct an exploratory investigation on the level of operations management best practices.  A sample random t-test analysis was used upon a high technology company that was selected based on simple random sampling from government agency directory. After various attempts, 72 out of 138 are providing feedback. However, only 34 can be used, the rest did not answer completely. Descriptive analysis and t-test analysis were performed on 34 completed feedbacks. Six factors in the form of quality commitment, customer focus, formalization of performance measurement, people management, process management and technology management were examined as predictors for operations management best practices. Findings indicated that the mean value is more than 3 for all dimensions. Furthermore, most cases are significant as the selected samples are high technology based companies and their workers are knowledgeable in terms of operations management best practices.

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