scholarly journals Effect of standardized ileal digestible lysine on growth and subsequent performance of weanling pigs1

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremiah E Nemechek ◽  
Fangzhou Wu ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Intact Protein ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Early Phases ◽  
Dietary Interactions ◽  
Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine ◽  
Plot Design

Abstract A total of 320 weanling pigs (all barrows, initially 5.71 kg BW; Line 1050, PIC Hendersonville, TN) were used to determine whether the Lys level fed during one phase of the nursery influences the response to Lys during subsequent phases. Our hypothesis was that feeding decreasing dietary Lys concentration in early phases, but feeding adequate concentrations in later phases might result in similar pig growth as those fed a more conventional approach with step-wise decreases in dietary Lys as pigs become heavier. Eight dietary regimens were used in a split-plot design. There were three dietary phases, and within phase, a high or low standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys diet was fed. Pigs were fed either 1.35% or 1.55% SID Lys during phase 1 (days 0 to 7), 1.15% or 1.35% SID Lys in phase 2 (days 7 to 21), and 1.05 or 1.25% SID Lys during phase 3 (days 21 to 35). The low dietary Lys concentrations were achieved by reducing both crystalline Lys and intact protein sources from the high Lys diets. From days 0 to 7, feeding high SID Lys improved (P < 0.01) G:F, but no evidence for differences in ADG or ADFI were observed. Similarly, from days 7 to 21, there were no evidence for differences in ADG or ADFI among pigs fed the two Lys levels, but those fed high SID Lys had improved (P < 0.03) G:F. From days 21 to 35, pigs fed the high Lys diet had increased (P < 0.01) ADG and G:F compared with those fed low SID Lys, but there were no effects on ADFI. For the overall trial (days 0 to 35), there were no dietary interactions among phases, indicating that the Lys level fed in each phase did not influence the response to Lys in subsequent phases. Thus, pigs fed the high Lys level during phase 3, regardless of previous Lys levels in phases 1 and 2, had greater (P < 0.05) overall ADG and G:F compared with other treatment groups. In conclusion, relatively low dietary Lys concentrations can be fed in the early nursery phases (approximately 6 to 12 kg) without any negative impact on overall growth performance provided that adequate Lys levels are fed thereafter (12 to 20 kg).

scholarly journals PSII-21 The Effect of Feeding a LucraFit® Feed Nursery Program without Lactose on Piglet Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 172-172
Author(s):  
Stacie Crowder ◽  
Terry Weeden ◽  
Clayton Hankins ◽  
Terry Meyer ◽  
Brenda de Rodas
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Period Data ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
D 43

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding LucraFit® Feed nursery program without lactose on piglet performance. A total of 440 weanling pigs, initial weight of 5.76 ± 0.23 kg., were randomly assigned to either Control or LucraFit® Feed treatments with 11 replicates per treatment and 20 pigs per pen. Pigs were weighed at day 0, 8, 15, 21, 29, and 43 post-weaning with corresponding ADG, ADFI, and G:F calculated for each time period. Data was analyzed using the Mixed procedure of SAS. Pigs were fed a three-phase nursery program with 2.27, 5.44, and 13.19 kg/pig for phases 1-3 respectively. Control diets contained 12.5% lactose in phase 1, 5% lactose in phase 2, and 0% lactose in phase 3. LucraFit® Feed diets contained 0% lactose in all phases. LucraFit® Feed was added at 2.5% and 1.25% in phase 1 and 2 respectively. During d0 to 8, there was no significant difference in growth measurements. During d8 to 15, pigs fed LucraFit® Feed treatment had increased (P=0.039) ADG (0.296 vs 0.266 kg/d) and improved (P=0.035) G:F ratio (0.977 vs 0.923). During d15 to 21, ADG was not significantly different between treatments, however ADFI was tended to increase (P=0.061) with the LucraFit® Feed treatment (0.526 vs 0.497 kg/d) resulting in decreased (P=0.047) G:F ratio (0.783 vs 0.824). Through d21 to 43, LucraFit® Feed tended to improve (P=0.082) G:F ratio (0.676 vs 0.660). Overall (d0 to 43) G:F ratio tended to improve (P=0.082) with the LucraFit® Feed treatment (0.723 vs 0.709). No significant differences were observed in pig removals between treatments. Final (d 43) body weight was not significantly different between treatments. These results suggest that pigs can be started on a LucraFit® Feed nursery program with 0% lactose without having a negative impact on nursery performance.

scholarly journals PSIII-16 The effect of Activo and a competitor phytogenic on growth performance and carcass characteristics of grow-finish pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 172-173
Author(s):  
Rafael A Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Data Set ◽  
And Control ◽  
Plot Design

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding two phytogenics compunds on growth performance and carcass characteristics in grow-finish pigs. Activo is a phytogenic feed additive consisting of a blend of microencapsulated secondary plant compounds used as an alternative to antibniotics to support gut health and overall animal performance. The study was desgined as a split plot design with 2 treatments (Activo and Control) with 44 replicates each and 22 pigs per pen. Pigs were alloted by weight (41.9 kgs in average) and age (about 12 weeks of age). Three dietary feeding phases were used. Grow-finish phase 1 (9-16 weeks post weaning) containing 13.6 g/ton of Skycis plus the tested phytogenics; grow-finish phase 2 had the tested phytogenics and finally gorw-finish phase 3 had 6.75 g/ton of Ractopamine plus the tested phytogenics. There were no siginifcant differences between the two groups on overal growth performance and mortality. Carcass characteristics data was analyzed by combining harvest cuts 1 and 2. Cut 1 was performed 15 days after the supplementation of Ractopamine and cut 2 when the barn was empty. This includes 27 pens for the Activo group and 30 pens for the Control group due to carcass data that was removed or missing. Any pen with a harvest cut missing 3 or more carcasses was removed from the data set. The Acitvo group had heavier (P = 0.03) hot carcass weigh (101.7 vs. 100.3 kgs, respectively) and higher (P = 0.04) carcass yield % (76.3 vs. 75.8%, respectively) when compared to the Control group. There was a tendency for the Activo group to have higher (P = 0.06) Longissimus muscel depth than the Control group. In conclusion, the Activo group appears to be a better alternative to antibiotics than the competitor phytogenic.

PENERAPAN MODEL QUANTUM LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR AUTOCAD SISWA KELAS X TEKNIK PEMESINAN SMK NEGERI 1 STABAT

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Hasan Saragih
Keyword(s):  
Positive Response ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Quantum Learning

This classroom research was conducted on the autocad instructions to the first grade of mechinary class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat aiming at : (1) improving the student’ archievementon autocad instructional to the student of mechinary architecture class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat, (2) applying Quantum Learning Model to the students of mechinary class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat, arising the positive response to autocad subject by applying Quantum Learning Model of the students of mechinary class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat. The result shows that (1) by applying quantum learning model, the students’ achievement improves significantly. The improvement ofthe achievement of the 34 students is very satisfactory; on the first phase, 27 students passed (70.59%), 10 students failed (29.41%). On the second phase 27 students (79.41%) passed and 7 students (20.59%) failed. On the third phase 30 students (88.24%) passed and 4 students (11.76%) failed. The application of quantum learning model in SMK Negeri 1 Stabat proved satisfying. This was visible from the activeness of the students from phase 1 to 3. The activeness average of the students was 74.31% on phase 1,81.35% on phase 2, and 83.63% on phase 3. (3) The application of the quantum learning model on teaching autocad was very positively welcome by the students of mechinary class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat. On phase 1 the improvement was 81.53% . It improved to 86.15% on phase 3. Therefore, The improvement ofstudent’ response can be categorized good.

Clinical Drug Development for the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Collaboration With the Pharmaceutical Industry and Regulatory Agencies

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-219
Author(s):  
Robyn J. Barst
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Preclinical Testing ◽  
New Drug ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

Drug development is the entire process of introducing a new drug to the market. It involves drug discovery, screening, preclinical testing, an Investigational New Drug (IND) application in the US or a Clinical Trial Application (CTA) in the EU, phase 1–3 clinical trials, a New Drug Application (NDA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA) review and approval, and postapproval studies required for continuing safety evaluation. Preclinical testing assesses safety and biologic activity, phase 1 determines safety and dosage, phase 2 evaluates efficacy and side effects, and phase 3 confirms efficacy and monitors adverse effects in a larger number of patients. Postapproval studies provide additional postmarketing data. On average, it takes 15 years from preclinical studies to regulatory approval by the FDA: about 3.5–6.5 years for preclinical, 1–1.5 years for phase 1, 2 years for phase 2, 3–3.5 years for phase 3, and 1.5–2.5 years for filing the NDA and completing the FDA review process. Of approximately 5000 compounds evaluated in preclinical studies, about 5 compounds enter clinical trials, and 1 compound is approved (Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development, 2011). Most drug development programs include approximately 35–40 phase 1 studies, 15 phase 2 studies, and 3–5 pivotal trials with more than 5000 patients enrolled. Thus, to produce safe and effective drugs in a regulated environment is a highly complex process. Against this backdrop, what is the best way to develop drugs for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), an orphan disease often rapidly fatal within several years of diagnosis and in which spontaneous regression does not occur?

scholarly journals How to improve emergency care to adults discharged within 24 hours? Acute Care planning in Emergency departments (The ACE study): a protocol of a participatory design study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e041743
Author(s):  
Christina Østervang ◽  
Annmarie Touborg Lassen ◽  
Charlotte Myhre Jensen ◽  
Elisabeth Coyne ◽  
Karin Brochstedt Dieperink
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Family Needs ◽  
Focus Group Interviews ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Ace Study ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Improve Patient

IntroductionThe development of acute symptoms or changes in diseases led to feelings of fear and vulnerability and the need for health professional support. Therefore, the care provided in the acute medical and surgical areas of the emergency department (ED) is highly important as it influences the confidence of patients and families in managing everyday life after discharge. There is an increase in short-episode (<24 hours) hospital admissions, related to demographic changes and a focus on outpatient care. Clear discharge information and inclusion in treatment decisions increase the patient’s and family’s ability to understand and manage health needs after discharge, reduces the risk of readmission. This study aims to identify the needs for ED care and develop a solution to improve outcomes of patients discharged within 24 hours of admission.Methods and analysisThe study comprises the three phases of a participatory design (PD). Phase 1 aims to understand and identify patient and family needs when discharged within 24 hours of admission. A qualitative observational study will be conducted in two different EDs, followed by 20 joint interviews with patients and their families. Four focus group interviews with healthcare professionals will provide understanding of the short pathways. Findings from phase 1 will inform phase 2, which aims to develop a solution to improve patient outcomes. Three workshops gathering relevant stakeholders are arranged in the design plus development of a solution with specific outcomes. The solution will be implemented and tested in phase 3. Here we report the study protocol of phase 1 and 2.Ethics and disseminationThe study is registered with the Danish Data Protection Agency (19/22672). Approval of the project has been granted by the Regional Committees on Health Research Ethics for Southern Denmark (S-20192000–111). Findings will be published in suitable international journals and disseminated through conferences.

scholarly journals PSVI-3 Dietary supplementation with coated omega-3 fatty acids has positive effects on growth performance and nutrients digestibility in weaned pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 196-197
Author(s):  
Woo Jung Seok ◽  
Je min Ahn ◽  
Jing Hu ◽  
Dexin Dang ◽  
Yanjiao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Weaning Pigs

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of coated omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 CFA) by corn cob power silica on performance of weaning pigs. A total of 200 weaned pigs [(Landrace x Yorkshire) x Duroc, average initial body weight at 6.97 ± 1.22 kg] were randomly assigned to four experimental treatments in a 6-week experiment in 3 phases as follows: CON, basal diet; 2) 0.3CFA, CON + phase 1(0.3% n-3CFA), phase 2(0.2% n-3CFA), phase 3(0.1% n-3CFA); 3) 0.6CFA, CON + phase 1(0.6% n-3CFA), phase 2(0.4% n-3CFA), phase 3(0.2% n-3CFA); 4) 0.9CFA, CON + phase 1(0.9% n-3CFA), phase 2(0.6% n-3CFA), phase 3 (0.3% n-3CFA). Each treatment had 10 replicates with 5 pigs (three gilts and two barrows) per replicate. The data were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS as a randomized complete block design. Pen served as the experimental unit. Linear, quadratic and cubic polynomial contrasts were used to examine effect of dietary treatment with coated n-3FA in the basal diet. Variability in the data was expressed as the standard error of means and P&lt; 0.05 was considered to statistically significant. Increasing the level of n-3CFA in the diet linearly increased ADG and G/F of pigs (Table 1). Increasing the level of n-3CFA showed a linear increment in the digestibility of DM (83.59, 84.38, 85.13, 85.89 %) whereas nitrogen digestibility (81.79, 82.38, 82.96, 83.64 %) showed a trend (linear effect, p=0.0594) at the end of experiment. The fecal lactobacillus count was increased (7.22, 7.27, 7.33, 7.35 log10cfu/g) with the increase in the supplemental level of n-3CFA (linear effect; p&lt; 0.05). However, there were no differences in the concentration of serum haptoglobin, or fecal E. coli, Clostridium and Salmonella counts despite the increase in n-3CFA levels in the diet. Supplementation of the diet with coated n-3 fatty acids positively affected growth performance and digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen, and enhanced the count of lactobacillus in weaning pigs.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Efficacy and Safety of Tadalafil in a Pediatric Population with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phase 3 randomized, Double Blind Placebo-Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 204589402110249
Author(s):  
David D Ivy ◽  
Damien Bonnet ◽  
Rolf MF Berger ◽  
Gisela Meyer ◽  
Simin Baygani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Significance Testing ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Statistical Significance Testing ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

Objective: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of tadalafil in pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Methods: This phase-3, international, randomized, multicenter (24 weeks double-blind placebo controlled period; 2-year, open-labelled extension period), add-on (patient’s current endothelin receptor antagonist therapy) study included pediatric patients aged <18 years with PAH. Patients received tadalafil 20 mg or 40 mg based on their weight (Heavy-weight: ≥40 kg; Middle-weight: ≥25—<40 kg) or placebo orally QD for 24 weeks. Primary endpoint was change from baseline in 6-minute walk (6MW) distance in patients aged ≥6 years at Week 24. Sample size was amended from 134 to ≥34 patients, due to serious recruitment challenges. Therefore, statistical significance testing was not performed between treatment groups. Results: Patient demographics and baseline characteristics (N=35; tadalafil=17; placebo=18) were comparable between treatment groups; median age was 14.2 years (6.2 to 17.9 years) and majority (71.4%, n=25) of patients were in HW cohort. Least square mean (SE) changes from baseline in 6MW distance at Week 24 was numerically greater with tadalafil versus placebo (60.48 [20.41] vs 36.60 [20.78] meters; placebo-adjusted mean difference [SD] 23.88 [29.11]). Safety of tadalafil treatment was as expected without any new safety concerns. During study period 1, two patients (1 in each group) discontinued due to investigator’s reported clinical worsening, and no deaths were reported. Conclusions: The statistical significance testing was not performed between the treatment groups due to low sample size, however, the study results show positive trend in improvement in non invasive measurements, commonly utilized by clinicians to evaluate the disease status for children with PAH. Safety of tadalafil treatment was as expected without any new safety signals.

scholarly journals Exenatide once weekly over 2 years as a potential disease-modifying treatment for Parkinson’s disease: protocol for a multicentre, randomised, double blind, parallel group, placebo controlled, phase 3 trial: The ‘Exenatide-PD3’ study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e047993
Author(s):  
Nirosen Vijiaratnam ◽  
Christine Girges ◽  
Grace Auld ◽  
Marisa Chau ◽  
Kate Maclagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Link Type ◽  
South Central ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Secondary Outcomes

IntroductionParkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder with substantial morbidity. No disease-modifying treatments currently exist. The glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist exenatide has been associated in single-centre studies with reduced motor deterioration over 1 year. The aim of this multicentre UK trial is to confirm whether these previous positive results are maintained in a larger number of participants over 2 years and if effects accumulate with prolonged drug exposure.Methods and analysisThis is a phase 3, multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of exenatide at a dose of 2 mg weekly in 200 participants with mild to moderate PD. Treatment duration is 96 weeks. Randomisation is 1:1, drug to placebo. Assessments are performed at baseline, week 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84 and 96 weeks.The primary outcome is the comparison of Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part 3 motor subscore in the practically defined OFF medication state at 96 weeks between participants according to treatment allocation. Secondary outcomes will compare the change between groups among other motor, non-motor and cognitive scores. The primary outcome will be reported using descriptive statistics and comparisons between treatment groups using a mixed model, adjusting for baseline scores. Secondary outcomes will be summarised between treatment groups using summary statistics and appropriate statistical tests to assess for significant differences.Ethics and disseminationThis trial has been approved by the South Central-Berkshire Research Ethics Committee and the Health Research Authority. Results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals, presented at scientific meetings and to patients in lay-summary format.Trial registration numbersNCT04232969, ISRCTN14552789.

165 Effects of Digestible Lysine Level on Growth Performance and Economics of Grow-finish Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
Larissa L Becker ◽  
Emily E Scholtz ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Fitting Model

Abstract A total of 2,124 barrows and gilts (PIC 1050′DNA 600, initially 48.9 kg) were used in a 32-d study to determine the optimal dietary standardized ileal digestibility (SID) Lys level in a commercial setting. Pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments with 24 to 27 pigs/pen and 16 replications/treatment. Similar number of barrows and gilts were placed in each pen. Diets were fed over 3 phases (48.9 to 58.6, 58.6 to 70.9, and 70.9 to 80.8 kg respectively). Dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal-based and contained 10 (phase 1 and 2) or 5% (phase 3) distillers dried grains with solubles. Diets were formulated to 85, 95, 103, 110, or 120% of the current Pig Improvement Company (PIC, Hendersonville, TN) SID Lys gilt recommendations with phase 1 SID Lys levels of 0.90, 1.01, 1.09, 1.17 and 1.27%, phase 2 levels of 0.79, 0.87, 0.94, 1.03, and 1.10%, and phase 3 levels of 0.71, 0.78, 0.85, 0.92, and 0.99%, respectively. Dose response curves were evaluated using linear (LM), quadratic polynomial (QP), broken-line linear (BLL), and broken-line quadratic (BLQ) models. For each response variable, the best-fitting model was selected using the Bayesian information criterion. Overall (d 0 to 32), increasing SID Lys increased (linear, P&lt; 0.001) BW, ADG, G:F, Lys intake/d, and Lys intake/kg of gain. Modeling margin over feed cost (MOFC), BLL and QP estimated the requirement at 105.8% and 113.7% respectively. In summary, while growth increased linearly up to 120% of the PIC current feeding level, the optimal MOFC was 106% to 114% depending on the model used.

scholarly journals Lifestyle Changes and Body Mass Index during COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: An Italian Online-Survey

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1117
Author(s):  
Silvia Maffoni ◽  
Silvia Brazzo ◽  
Rachele De Giuseppe ◽  
Ginevra Biino ◽  
Ilaria Vietti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Activity Frequency

Background. COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a period of contingency measures, including total or partial lockdowns all over the world leading to several changes in lifestyle/eating behaviours. This retrospective cohort study aimed at investigating Italian adult population lifestyle changes during COVID-19 pandemic “Phase 1” lockdown (8 March–4 May 2020) and discriminate between positive and negative changes and BMI (body mass index) variations (ΔBMI). Methods. A multiple-choice web-form survey was used to collect retrospective data regarding lifestyle/eating behaviours during “Phase 1” in the Italian adult population. According to changes in lifestyle/eating behaviours, the sample was divided into three classes of changes: “negative change”, “no change”, “positive change”. For each class, correlations with ΔBMI were investigated. Results. Data were collected from 1304 subjects (973F/331M). Mean ΔBMI differed significantly (p < 0.001) between classes, and was significantly related to water intake, alcohol consumption, physical activity, frequency of “craving or snacking between meals”, dessert/sweets consumption at lunch. Conclusions. During “Phase 1”, many people faced several negative changes in lifestyle/eating behaviours with potential negative impact on health. These findings highlight that pandemic exacerbates nutritional issues and most efforts need to be done to provide nutrition counselling and public health services to support general population needs.

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