Variability-aware design of 55 nA current reference with 1.4% standard deviation and 290 nW power consumption

NORCHIP 2012 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Cucchi ◽  
S. Di Pascoli ◽  
G. Iannaccone
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Na Current ◽  
Current Reference

scholarly journals Study of Power Consumption in a Cooperative Wireless Network

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Vahid Emamian
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Wireless Network ◽  
Fading Channel ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Nakagami Fading ◽  
Shadow Fading ◽  
Propagation Channel ◽  
Nakagami Fading Channel

A cooperative wireless network is defined to be a network where nodes cooperate in routing and/or improving thequality of transmission of each other’s packets [1]-[5]. Thecooperation is especially useful when the channel between a pair of nodes (source and destination) is in a deep shadow-fading state. In this situation increasing the power level may either not resolve the problem or be too power consuming, while generating interference for other receivers on the same channel. A cooperating node, which has good propagation channels to both the source and the destination, may be used to relay the packets between them. This paper presents the comparison of theaverage amounts of power consumed by nodes in a standard wireless network that uses single-hop transmission and a cooperative wireless network that uses two-hop transmission. It is shown that under certain conditions the ratio of the average power consumptions in the two networks, when N cooperating nodes on average are available for each node, can be approximated by k ln N + q. The constants k and q are related to the propagation channel. For a Nakagami fading channel with parameter m, k =1/ lnm and q=1, while for a shadowing channel with standard deviation σdB, k =σdB/ √ π and q = 0.23σdBdB.

scholarly journals Design low-voltage low-power current reference in 180nm - Diseño de un espejo de corriente a baja potencia y voltaje en 180nm

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Fernando Jaramillo Calderon
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Circuit Simulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
Output Current ◽  
Current Reference ◽  
Body Bias

This paper describes design improvement of a current reference, originally based on dual-threshold voltage current mirror stages, these stages have been modified in order to improve the temperature dependence of the current of a diode-connected transistor and the figures of merit to compare this circuit both the base-circuit. The proposed solution has been designed in a 0.18 \text{\ensuremath{\mu}m} technology and analyzed through circuit simulation. Simulation results, when a body-bias generator is used, show an output current of 342 nA and a power consumption below 513 nW at the maximum operating voltage of 1.5 V and at the room temperature. The line sensitivity is 1 %/V, while the temperature coefficient is 17 ppm/°C. On the other hand, when the body-bias generator is neglected, the circuit shows an output current of 188 nA and a power consumption below 282 nW at the maximum operating voltage of 1.5V and at the room temperature. The line sensitivity is 2.89 %/V, while the temperature coefficient is 23 ppm/°C.  Resumen Hoy en día, los espejos de corriente o current reference, pueden ser mejorados con las características de inversión débil subthreshold-region cuando son construidos con tecnología CMOS, está tesis trata sobre cuatro estructuras de current reference basadas en un circuito de solo tres transistores, las figuras de merito como coeficiente de temperatura, consumo de potencia, y sensibilidad de carga y proceso son obtenidas en cada una de las estructuras, y posteriormente son comparadas para disernir cual de las implementaciones ha presentado un mejor desempeño. Las simulaciones fueron realizadas en una tecnología de 180 nm, nanómetros, TSMC CMOS usando transistores de tipo MEDIUM VOLTAGE THRESHOLD (MVT) para un voltaje máximo de alimentación de 2 y 3 voltios. La tesis esta compuesta de cuatro capítulos, el primero muestra los principios físicos para inducir una corriente cuando el transistor MOSFET se encuentra en la región de subthreshold, lineal y saturación. El segundo capitulo muestra las especificaciones tomadas en cuenta para implementar los cuatro diferentes diseños, como son el dimensionamiento y los parámetros eléctricos de las fuentes de alimentación, los diseños fueron implementados en Virtuoso de Cadence. El tercer capitulo muestra los resultados obtenidos en cada uno de los circuitos y una comparativa de las figuras de merito calculadas. Finalmente, el cuarto capitulo muestra las conclusiones de cada bloque, los beneficios obtenidos al implementar cada uno de los diseños así como la mejor solución acorde a las figuras de merito obtenidas. 

scholarly journals Low-Cost Soft Error Robust Hardened D-Latch for CMOS Technology Circuit

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1256
Author(s):  
Seyedehsomayeh Hatefinasab ◽  
Noel Rodriguez ◽  
Antonio García ◽  
Encarnacion Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Threshold Voltage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Process Variations ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Soft Error ◽  
Single Event ◽  
Power Delay Product ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, a Soft Error Hardened D-latch with improved performance is proposed, also featuring Single Event Upset (SEU) and Single Event Transient (SET) immunity. This novel D-latch can tolerate particles as charge injection in different internal nodes, as well as the input and output nodes. The performance of the new circuit has been assessed through different key parameters, such as power consumption, delay, Power-Delay Product (PDP) at various frequencies, voltage, temperature, and process variations. A set of simulations has been set up to benchmark the new proposed D-latch in comparison to previous D-latches, such as the Static D-latch, TPDICE-based D-latch, LSEH-1 and DICE D-latches. A comparison between these simulations proves that the proposed D-latch not only has a better immunity, but also features lower power consumption, delay, PDP, and area footprint. Moreover, the impact of temperature and process variations, such as aspect ratio (W/L) and threshold voltage transistor variability, on the proposed D-latch with regard to previous D-latches is investigated. Specifically, the delay and PDP of the proposed D-latch improves by 60.3% and 3.67%, respectively, when compared to the reference Static D-latch. Furthermore, the standard deviation of the threshold voltage transistor variability impact on the delay improved by 3.2%, while its impact on the power consumption improves by 9.1%. Finally, it is shown that the standard deviation of the (W/L) transistor variability on the power consumption is improved by 56.2%.

A New Low Power Photoplethysmography Signal Acquisition System For Mental Stress Estimation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Kumar Pandey ◽  
Paul C.-P. Chao
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Acquisition System ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Signal Acquisition ◽  
Readout System ◽  
Pulse Rate Variability ◽  
Total Power Consumption

Abstract This study presents a new low power and robust reflectance type optical Photoplethysmography (PPG) acquisition system for the mental distress estimation. The front-end circuit is implemented in the integrated chip with chip area of 1200μm × 1200μm and fabricated via TSMC T18 process. The sensing range of the readout circuit is 20nA to 11μA, and the total power consumption of the readout system is 100μW. The total power consumption of the design chip including the OLED driver power is 1.64mW. The designed acquisition system is applied to the wrist artery of the two healthy patients when they are calculating the pictorial puzzles and when they are in relax state. The statistical deviation of the heart rate (HR) from the average HR is increased when subjects are in the stress. Also, the standard deviation of pulse rate variability (PRV), the dynamic range of pulse repetition time (PRT), and the standard deviation of PRV derivative show the increasing temporal value when subjects are in the stress.

scholarly journals Parametric analysis of the properties of selected mixing feeding wagons

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vegricht ◽  
P. Miláček ◽  
P. Ambrož ◽  
A. Machálek
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Parametric Analysis ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Mixing Efficiency ◽  
Average Standard Deviation ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Horizontal Mixing ◽  
Capacity Output

Eight different mixing feeding wagons (MFW) were investigated under identical conditions in preparing total mixed rations (TMR) for three various cattle categories. Investigated were the uniformity of distribution of the feed into the trough, homogeneity of TMR distributed, the machine capacity in feed extracting from storage and loading, TMR mixing and distributing into the trough, fuel consumption and power consumption required. The least uniformity was found for TMR with a high hay proportion (average value of standard deviation 49.9%). Better results were achieved with MFW designed with horizontal mixing augers (average standard deviation 33.7%). MFW with vertical augers distributed feeds at average standard deviation of 61.3%. Standard deviation of the proportion of feed particles on the separator screens which is considered as a measure of TMR homogeneity, was bellow 20% in most cases. This suggests a hint of a very good mixing efficiency of all the MFW followed up. No influence of different designs of the working elements of MFW on TMR homogeneity has been proved. With respect to the machine capacity (output) in preparing and distributing TMR, no large differences between various MFW were found and their output averaged from all measurements varied within the range of 4.79–5.48 t/h. The least average specific consumption of fuel for preparing and distributing TMR was found in the MFW equipped with vertical mixing augers (1.10–1.11 l/t). MFW with one horizontally mounted mixing auger showed a rather higher fuel consumption (1.30–1.43 l/t). The highest fuel consumption was found with MFW equipped with two parallely mounted mixing augers (1.59–1.63 l/t).

Nucleic Acid Molecules Prepared by Monolayer Techniques

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 178-179
Author(s):  
Dimitrij Lang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Contour Length ◽  
Sample Standard Deviation ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Length Measurements ◽  
Protein Monolayer

The success of the protein monolayer technique for electron microscopy of individual DNA molecules is based on the prevention of aggregation and orientation of the molecules during drying on specimen grids. DNA adsorbs first to a surface-denatured, insoluble cytochrome c monolayer which is then transferred to grids, without major distortion, by touching. Fig. 1 shows three basic procedures which, modified or not, permit the study of various important properties of nucleic acids, either in concert with other methods or exclusively:1) Molecular weights relative to DNA standards as well as number distributions of molecular weights can be obtained from contour length measurements with a sample standard deviation between 1 and 4%.

Compositional Tuning of Negative Differential Resistance in Bulk Silver Iodide Memristor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
SMITA GAJANAN NAIK ◽  
Mohammad Hussain Kasim Rabinal
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Negative Differential Resistance ◽  
Silver Iodide ◽  
Differential Resistance ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Switching Effect ◽  
Memory Switching ◽  
Bulk Silver ◽  
Emerging Memory

Electrical memory switching effect has received a great interest to develop emerging memory technology such as memristors. The high density, fast response, multi-bit storage and low power consumption are their...

Reliability of the Minimum Masking Level as Outcome Variable in Tinnitus Clinical Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-435
Author(s):  
Patricia C. Mancini ◽  
Richard S. Tyler ◽  
Hyung Jin Jun ◽  
Tang-Chuan Wang ◽  
Helena Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Minimum Intensity

Purpose The minimum masking level (MML) is the minimum intensity of a stimulus required to just totally mask the tinnitus. Treatments aimed at reducing the tinnitus itself should attempt to measure the magnitude of the tinnitus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the MML. Method Sample consisted of 59 tinnitus patients who reported stable tinnitus. We obtained MML measures on two visits, separated by about 2–3 weeks. We used two noise types: speech-shaped noise and high-frequency emphasis noise. We also investigated the relationship between the MML and tinnitus loudness estimates and the Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (THQ). Results There were differences across the different noise types. The within-session standard deviation averaged across subjects varied between 1.3 and 1.8 dB. Across the two sessions, the Pearson correlation coefficients, range was r = .84. There was a weak relationship between the dB SL MML and loudness, and between the MML and the THQ. A moderate correlation ( r = .44) was found between the THQ and loudness estimates. Conclusions We conclude that the dB SL MML can be a reliable estimate of tinnitus magnitude, with expected standard deviations in trained subjects of about 1.5 dB. It appears that the dB SL MML and loudness estimates are not closely related.

Bedingungen für den Erfolg übergewichtiger und adipöser Kinder in einem ambulanten Programm zur Gewichtsreduktion durch Veränderungen des Lebensstils

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfried Pott ◽  
Georg Fröhlich ◽  
Özgür Albayrak ◽  
Johannes Hebebrand ◽  
Ursula Pauli-Pott
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Psychische Belastung ◽  
Deviation Score ◽  
Höheres Alter

Fragestellung: Es wurde der Frage nachgegangen, ob sich erfolgreiche Teilnehmer eines ambulanten familienzentrierten Gewichtskontrollprogramms durch spezifische familiäre und psychologische Charakteristiken auszeichnen. Einbezogen wurden die psychosoziale Risikobelastung der Familie, Depressivität und Bindungsstil der Hauptbezugsperson, der Body mass index (BMI) und der BMI-Standardabweichungswert («Standard deviation score», SDS) des teilnehmenden Kindes und der Familienmitglieder sowie die individuelle psychische Belastung des teilnehmenden Kindes. Methodik: Die Daten wurden per Interview und Fragebogen vor dem Behandlungsbeginn erhoben. Von 136 in das Programm aufgenommenen übergewichtigen und adipösen Kindern zwischen 7 und 15 Jahren beendeten 116 das 12-monatige Interventionsprogramm. Von diesen zeigten 100 (85,3 %) eine Reduktion des BMI-SDS und 79 (68.1 %) eine mehr als 5 %ige Reduktion des BMI-SDS. Diese «erfolgreichen» Kinder wurden mit 56 «nicht erfolgreichen» (Abbrecher und Kinder mit einer 5 %igen oder geringeren Reduktion des BMI-SDS) verglichen. Ergebnisse: Nicht erfolgreiche Kinder unterschieden sich von den erfolgreichen durch ein höheres Alter, eine höhere psychosoziale Risikobelastung, Depressivität und einen vermeidenden Bindungsstil der Mutter sowie durch das Vorhandensein adipöser Geschwister. In einer logistischen Regressionsanalyse zeigten sich mütterliche Depressivität und das Vorhandensein adipöser Geschwister als beste und voneinander unabhängige Prädiktoren. Schlussfolgerungen: Um die spezifischen Bedürfnisse der Familien zu erfüllen und einen Misserfolg zu verhindern, sollten zusätzliche Programmbausteine zur spezifischen Unterstützung von Jugendlichen mit adipösen Geschwistern und Müttern mit Depressionen und vermeidenden Bindungsstil entwickelt werden. Die Wirksamkeit dieser Module muss dann in weiteren Studien überprüft werden.

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