scholarly journals Formulation of handsanitizer with antibacterials substance from n-hexane extract of soursop leaves (Annona Muricata Linn)

Author(s):  
Dian Riana Ningsih ◽  
Zusfahair Zusfahair ◽  
Dwi Kartika ◽  
Amin Fatoni

One of the plants which are efficacious as antibacterial is the soursop leaves. Soursop leaves were extracted by maceration using n-hexane. The extract was evaporated using rotary evaporator. Soursop leaves extract was then formulated in a gel dosage form. This study aims toformulate hand sanitizer from soursop leaves extract based on Growing Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of n-hexaneextract of soursop leaves, and to know the evaluation result of gel dosage with the active substance of soursop leaves extract. Testing of physical properties of the gel includes organoleptic test, dispersive power test, homogeneity, pH, and consistency test. Antibacterial activity was tested by using a diffusion method. The evaluation of the gel showed SNI standards which wereable for topical use. The organoleptic test resultedthat the dosage is odorless, transparent and gel. Homogeneity test resulted that all gel dosage concentrations are homogenous. The pH tests at concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 ppm respectively are 5.38 to 6.22; 5.48 to 6.28; and from 5.29 to 5.90. The dispersive power test resulted for 6.47 to 7 cm; 6.20 to 6.87 cm; and 6.09 to 6.59 cm. The consistency test resulted that all gel dosages are consistent in gel form.Gel dosage with extract concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 ppm can inhibit the growth of bacteria P. acne with antibacterial activity of 3.53; 3.26 and 2.20 mm. 

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Supomo Supomo ◽  
Yullia Sukawati ◽  
Fredi Basyar

Chitosan has been widely used in industrial, food, pharmaceuticals and agriculture. Chitosan is a natural biocompatible polymers means that as nature does not have the side effect, non-toxic, can not be easily digested and broken down by microbes (biodegradable). This study aims to determine whether the chitosan may be formulated into dosage gel hand sanitizer that meets the requirements of the physical stability of the gel.Chitosan is formulated with 3 varying concentrations of Na CMC basis of 3%, 4.5% and 6%. Tests conducted gel formulation is the physical stability test which includes organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH test, test dispersive power, viscosity test and test consistency. Testing is done every week for 4 weeks of storage.Results of testing physical properties of chitosan gel hand sanitizer has the shape and color stable but the resulting aroma change during storage. pH gel meet the requirements, the consistency test of phase separation does not occur, the homogeneity test showed no homogeneous gel, gel dispersive power does not meet the requirements, the viscosity of the gel preparation third formula does not meet the requirements of viscosity gel


MEDULA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuralifah Nuralifah ◽  
Feri Indradewi ◽  
Parawansah Parawansah ◽  
Satriana Nasrun

Background: Young papaya seeds (Carica papaya L.) contained terpenoids, alkaloids karpain and flavonoids that have been examined has antibacterial activity. Purpose: This study aims to obtain anti-acne cream from extract of young papaya seeds (Carica papaya L.) that possess antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27825. Methods: Extract of young papaya seeds (Carica papaya L.) was obtained by maceration process using ethanol 96% and the antibacterial activity of extract conducted by well diffusion method. then the extract formulated into anti acne cream dosage and then tested to characteristic properties including pH test, dispersive power test, organoleptic test, homogeneity test, viscosity test and irritation test. Result: The results showed anti acne creams of extract young papaya seeds (Carica papaya L.) produced qualified standard and did not cause irritation. Conclusion: Anti acne cream containing extract concentration of 10% can inhibited bacteria of S. aureus ATCC 25923 with inhibition zone of 17,5 mm and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27825 with inhibition zone of 19,3 mm.Keyword: seeds of papaya (Carica papaya L.), anti acne creamLatar Belakang: Biji pepaya muda (Carica papaya L) mengandung terpenoid, alkaloid karpain dan flavonoid, yang telah diteliti memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh sediaan krim anti jerawat dari ekstrak biji pepaya muda (Carica papaya L) yang memiliki aktivitas anti bakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 dan Pseudomonas aureginosa ATCC 27825. Metode: Ekstrak biji pepaya muda (Carica papaya L) diperoleh melalui proses maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%, serta uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak dilakukan dengan metode sumuran. Ekstrak selanjutnya diformulasikan menjadi sediaan krim anti jerawat dan dilakukan uji karakterisasi meliputi uji pH, uji daya sebar, uji organoleptik, uji homogenitas, uji viskositas dan uji iritasi. Hasil: Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan sediaan krim anti jerawat ekstrak biji pepaya muda (Carica papaya L) yang dihasilkan memenuhi syarat standar nilai pH, daya sebar dan viskositas. Hasil uji iritasi memperlihatkan formula krim tidak menimbulkan iritasi. Simpulan: Sediaan krim anti jerawat dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 10% dapat menghambat bakteri S.aureus ATCC 25923 dengan hambatan sebesar 17,5 mm dan P. aeruginosa ATCC 27825 dengan hambatan sebesar 19,3 mm.Kata Kunci: biji pepaya muda (Carica papaya L), krim anti jerawat


2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Desniar Desniar ◽  
Iriani Setyaningsih ◽  
Yoga Indra Purnama

<p>Lactic acid bacteria has been used as biopreservatif becouse produce a number of antibacterial<br />substances are safety and has inhibitory activity against enteropatogenic bacteria. The aims of this study<br />were to screen of antibacterial compounds produced by Lactobacillus plantarum NS (9) and to produce<br />their antibacterial compounds. The research was devided into two stages. In the first stage was L. plantarum<br />NS (9) inoculated at 37°C, for 24 hours in semi-anaerobic conditions. The cell-free supertnatant was given<br />three treatment, ie not neutralized (A), neutralized (pH 7) (N), and precipitated with ammonium sulfate<br />50% (P). This three supernatant was assayed their antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. typhimurium<br />ATCC 14028, S. aureus, B. cereus and L. monocytogenes using the agar well diffusion method. In the second<br />stage, production of antibacterial compound was L. plantarum NS (9) inoculated at 37°C, for 24 hours<br />in semi-anaerobic conditions. The Dencity Optical, value pH, acid total and antibacterial activity were<br />measured every three hours during growth of bacteria. The results of the antibacterial screening showed<br />that L. plantarum NS (9) produced inhibitory zone againts the five indicator bacteria from a supernatant,<br />whereas N and P supernatant were not produced inhibitory zone. This result indicated that inhibition.</p><p>produced at 6 hours of incubation and were increased to simultaneously with increasing of bacteria growth.<br />The highest antibacterial activity against E. coli, B. cereus and L.monocytogenes were produced at the end<br />of the exponential growth phase (12 -15 hours incubation) while against S. aureus and S. typhimurium<br />ATCC 14028 at 21 and 24 hour of incubation, respectively. The antibacterial activity also was increased to<br />simultaniously with increasing of acid total (1.350 to 4.050%) and decreasing of pH value (6-4) during<br />growth of bacteria.<br /><br /></p>


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 078-085
Author(s):  
Setyo Nurwaini ◽  
Intan Dewi Saputri

Daun Lidah mertua (Sansevieria trifasciata Prain) diketahui mengandung senyawa polifenol, flavonoid dan saponin yang merupakan agen antibakteri. Lidah mertua memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi ekstrak daun lidah mertua dalam sediaan gel yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terbesar dalam penurunan jumlah angka kuman. Ekstraksi daun lidah mertua menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Variasi konsentrasi ekstrak daun lidah mertua dalam sediaan gel hand sanitizer yang digunakan yaitu F1 (10%), F2 (15%) dan F3 (20%). Na CMC digunakan sebagai gelling agent dalam formulasi. Sediaan gel hand sanitizer daun lidah mertua diuji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli menggunakan metode difusi sumuran, sifat fisik (organoleptik, homogenitas, pH, viskositas, daya sebar dan daya lekat) serta penurunan jumlah angka kuman dengan metode swabbing. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri gel hand sanitizer ekstrak daun lidah mertua memiliki zona hambat bakteri terhadap Escherichia coli pada F1, F2 dan F3 berturut-turut sebesar 7,33 mm, 8,67 mm dan 9,75 mm. Hasil evaluasi sifat fisik gel daun lidah mertua memenuhi kriteria gel yang baik, namun memiliki daya lekat kurang 1 detik. Hasil penurunan jumlah angka kuman gel hand sanitizer daun lidah mertua paling besar pada F3 sebesar 52%. Namun, analisa statistik dengan Anova One Way menunjukkan bahwa F1 (32%), F2 (35%) dan F3 (52%) tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan dalam penurunan jumlah angka kuman. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan gel hand sanitizer ekstrak daun lidah mertua memiliki kemampuan dalam menurunkan angka kuman dan dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif sebagai sediaan gel hand sanitizer.     Lidah Mertua leaves (Sansevieria trifasciata Prain) are known to contain polyphenols, flavonoids, and saponins which have antibacterial activity. Lidah Mertua leaves have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. This study aimed to determine the concentration of Lidah Mertua leaves extract in a gel dosage form which showed the highest antibacterial activity in decreasing germ numbers. Lidah Mertua leaves extract was prepared using the maceration method with ethanol 96%. There was a various concentration of Lidah Mertua leaves extract in gel hand sanitizer, these include F1 (10%), F2 (15%) and F3 (20%). Na CMC is used as a gelling agent in the formulation. The evaluation of the antibacterial activity of hand sanitizer gel leaves was performed against Escherichia coli using disc diffusion method, meanwhile physical properties (organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, dispersion and adhesion) and a decrease in the germ numbers were determined by swabbing method. The results of the antibacterial evaluation of gel hand sanitizer activity showed that lidah Mertua leaves extract had a bacterial inhibition zone against Escherichia coli in F1, F2 and F3 of 7.33 mm, 8.67 mm and 9.75 mm respectively. The results of the evaluation of the physical properties of the lidah mertua leaves extract showed that the gel met criteria of a good gel, but had adhesion less than 1 second. The highest activity in decreasing term number was shown in gel hand sanitizer of lidah mertua leaves extract at F3 which was 52%. However, statistical analysis using Anova One Way showed that F1 (32%), F2 (35%) and F3 (52%) did not show a significant difference in decreasing germ numbers. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the  hand sanitizer gel from the extract of lidah mertua leaves has the ability to reduce the number of germs and can be used as an alternative as a gel hand sanitizer dosage form


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Erviana Vernanda Margaretha ◽  
Yohanes Juliantoni ◽  
Dyke Gita Wirasisya

Food borne disease is a disease with symptoms such as nausea, diarrhea and vomiting. The main cause of FBD was food contamination of Staphylococcus aureus. Jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas Linn) leave is a plant that have antibacterial activity against S. aureus because it contains saponin, flavonoid, and tannin. This research aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract of Jatropha curcas Linn. leaves, formulated them as gel hand sanitizer, and evaluated the antibacterial activity of the formula. The sample was collected, determined, and extracted with ethanol 70% using maceration, and the phytochemical screening conducted to the concentrate extract. The antibacterial activity test conducted by well diffusion method with concetration 50, 100, dan 150 mg/mL. Then the effective extract group has formulated to gel hand sanitizer. The gel hand sanitizer formula tested the antibacterial activity and physical properties by organoleptic, pH, stability, and spreadablility. The result showed that the extract with concentration 50, 100, dan 150 mg/mL has inhibition zone diameter was 9.9, 15.7, and 16.4 mm, respectively. The gel hand sanitizer of Jatropha curcas Linn extract was formulated by using 100 mg/mL concentration of extract. The gel was physically stable and had inhibition zone diameter was 15.6 mm


2018 ◽  
pp. 31-38

Actividad antibacteriana de extractos vegetales frente a cepas intrahospitalarias, Iquitos-Perú Antibacterial activity of plant extracts against nosocomial strains, Iquitos-Peru Ricardo E. Abadie, Ronald Medina O., Lastenia Ruiz, Alvaro Tresierra-Ayala Laboratorio de Microbiología. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (CIRNA-UNAP). Psje. Los Paujiles S/N, San Lorenzo, distrito de San Juan Bautista, Iquitos-Perú DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2014.0005/  Resumen La región amazónica es una de las áreas que posee la mayor biodiversidad del mundo, albergando varios miles de especies de plantas, muchas de las cuales son utilizadas por sus pobladores como plantas medicinales. Durante los últimos años, el empleo de estos recursos vegetales o de sus productos viene incrementándose de manera importante, lo cual podría deberse a una serie de factores, entre los que destacan el conocimiento de su composición química, y al hecho que en la actualidad se han realizado numerosos ensayos farmacológicos tanto in vivo como in vitro. La aparición de cepas resistentes a los antibióticos comerciales en los últimos tiempos, está creando la necesidad de buscar otras estrategias o alternativas para controlarlas, tal es el caso del uso de las plantas (medicina tradicional), debido a los principios activos que poseen. Se pretende con este trabajo, determinar probables alternativas para combatir infecciones bacterianas de aquellos agentes drogoresistentes, este problema reviste importancia crítica particular en los países en desarrollo, donde quizás no se dispone de antibióticos de segunda línea más costosos o, si los hay, su precio es inasequible. El estudio se realizó en la ciudad de Iquitos, Provincia de Maynas, Departamento de Loreto. Los ensayos microbiológicos se realizaron en el Laboratorio de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales de la Amazonia (CIRNA) de la Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia  Peruana (UNAP). Se determinó la actividad antibacteriana de 6 extractos vegetales (Alchornea triplinervia, Annona muricata, Averrhoa carambola, Brunfelsia grandiflora, Caraipa grandifolia y Cedrela odorata) mediante la técnica de difusión en disco, y a aquellos que presentaron actividad se les determinó la Concentración Inhibitoria Mínima y la Concentración Bactericida Mínima mediante la técnica de macrodilución en caldo. Ninguno de los extractos tuvieron actividad frente a las cepas de E. coli; cuatro extractos tuvieron actividad frente a las cepas de P. aeruginosa, siendo los extractos de Cedrela odorata y Alchornea triplinervia los que tuvieron mayor actividad frente a esta bacteria, con CIM = 15.62 y 62.5 mg/ml, respectivamente; todos los extractos tuvieron actividad frente a las cepas de S. aureus, siendo los extracto de C. odorata, A. triplinervia y Caraipa grandiflora, los de mayor actividad con una CIM = 3.91 mg/ml para cada uno.  Se obtuvieron prometedores resultados de actividad antibacteriana de los extractos en estudio frente a cepas intrahospitalarias, mayormente contra S. aureus. Descriptores: Actividad antibacteriana, extractos vegetales, cepas intrahospitalarias Abstract The Amazon region is one of the areas with the largest biodiversity in the world, hosting several thousand species of plants, many of which are used by its people as medicinal plants. In recent years, the use of these plant resources or products has been increasing significantly, which could be due to a number of factors, among them the knowledge of their chemical composition, and the fact that at present there have been numerous pharmacological tests both in vivo and in vitro. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains in recent years, is creating a need for other strategies or ways to control them, as in the case of the use of plants (traditional medicine), because the active ingredients bearing. This work is intended to determine probable alternatives to combat bacterial infections of those agents antibiotic-resistant, this problem is particularly critical in developing countries, where perhaps there are no antibiotics or expensive second line, if any, price is unavailable. The study was conducted in Iquitos city, Province of Maynas, Department of Loreto. Microbiological tests were performed at Microbiology Laboratory of Research Center of Natural Resources of the Amazon (CIRNA) of the National University of the Peruvian Amazon (UNAP). The antibacterial activity of six plant extracts (Alchornea triplinervia, Annona muricata, Averrhoa carambola, Brunfelsia grandiflora, Caraipa grandifolia y Cedrela odorata) by the disk diffusion method was determined, and those that showed activity were determined Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration by macrodilution technique. None of the extracts were active against strains of E. coli; four extracts had activity against strains of P. aeruginosa, with Cedrela odorata and Alchornea triplinervia extracts which had greater activity against these bacteria, with MIC = 15.62 and 62.5 mg/ml, respectively; all extracts were active against strains of S. aureus, with the extract of C. odorata, A. triplinervia and Caraipa grandiflora, the most active with an MIC = 3.91 mg/ml for each. Was obtained Promising results of antibacterial activity of the extracts in study against nosocomial strains, mostly against S. aureus. Keywords: Antibacterial activity, plant extracts, nosocomial strains


2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 650-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jain Mathew ◽  
Reshmi George ◽  
Robin Theruvil ◽  
Tobin C Padavil ◽  
Lincy Tomy ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Aim To determine the antimicrobial effect of water extracts of leaves of Annona muricata and Simarouba glauca on Enterococcus faecalis using agar diffusion method. Materials and methods Dried leaves of A. muricata and S. glauca were powdered and extracted in a soxhlet apparatus. Enterococcus faecalis was grown overnight in Trypticase soy agar plates. About 10 μL of each extract was placed on agar plates and incubated overnight. The zone of inhibition was measured after 24 hours. About 1% sodium hypochlorite and distilled water were used as positive and negative controls. Results The leaf extract of A. muricata showed similar effectiveness as that of sodium hypochlorite, whereas the leaf extract of S. glauca showed only a slight reduction in growth of E. faecalis. Conclusion Leaf extract of A. muricata can be developed as an alternative to sodium hypochlorite for root canal irrigants. Clinical significance Success of endodontic treatment depends on complete disinfection of the root canals. Root canal irrigants have a major role in complete disinfection of the root canals. Chemical root canal irrigants are more or less toxic to the oral environment. In this study, naturally derived leaf extracts of A. muricata and S. glauca are compared with sodium hypochlorite for its effectiveness against E. faecalis – the most common pathogen found in the root canals. How to cite this article Mathew J, George R, Theruvil R, Padavil TC, Tomy L, Kurian A. Antibacterial Activity of Leaf Extract of Annona muricata and Simarouba glauca on Enterococcus faecalis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(8):650-653.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Kadek Sutri Ariyanthini ◽  
Elisabeth Angelina ◽  
Kadek Nanda Banyu Permana ◽  
Fiorenza Jocelyn Thelmalina ◽  
I Gusti Ngurah Jemmy Anton Prasetia

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that causes bacteremia in COVID-19 pneumonitis patients. S. aureus is responsible for 80% of suppurative disease, with the skin surface as its natural habitat. So, maintaining hand hygiene during a pandemic is very important. Currently, people prefer the use of practical hand sanitizers. Most hand sanitizers contain alcohol, which has the potential to irritate. Thus, the active substance of coriander seed extract is used as a substitute for alcohol. Objective: To determine the characteristics of the gel and the concentration of coriander seed extract which gave antibacterial effect against S. aureus. Methods: The resulting hand sanitizer gel was then tested for characteristics and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus by the Kirby-Bauer diffusion method and analyzed by the One Way Anova-LSD method. Result: The results showed that preparations with concentrations of F1(2%), F2(4%), and F3(6%) respectively had inhibition zones of 1.00 ± 0.82 mm, 5.00 ± 0.41 mm, and 5 .25 ± 1.26 mm. Conclusion: Formulas 2 and 3 were able to inhibit the growth of S. aureus with moderate inhibition category. The hand sanitizer gel meets the requirements for organoleptic tests, pH, homogeneity, dispersibility, and adhesion. However, the viscosity of the preparation did not meet the requirements. Keywords: Coriander Seed Extract, Gel Hand Sanitizer, Antibacterial


2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
Zuraidawati Zuraidawati ◽  
Maryulia Dewi ◽  
Darmawi Darmawi ◽  
Sugito Sugito ◽  
Abdullah Hamzah ◽  
...  

           The purpose of this research was to identified the compounds in ethanol extract of soursop flower and determined the antibacterial activity of the soursop flower extract on Salmonella enteritidis. The phytochemistry screening was done to identify the secondary metabolite compounds of this extract. The concentrations used of ethanol extract of soursop flower were 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, with ampicillin 10 μg/disc as the positive control and 10% Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) as the negative control. The antibacterial activity test of soursop flower ethanol extract against Salmonella enteritidis was held in vitro using the paper disc diffusion method by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone. The phytochemistry screening showed that the ethanol extract of soursop flower had secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, phenolic, and flavonoid. The result of the antibacterial activity test showed that there was no inhibition zone (bright zone) at various concentrations. So, it can be concluded that soursop flower ethanol extract (Annona muricata L.) contained the secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, phenolic, and flavonoid, and also this extract had no antibacterial activity against Salmonella enteritidis


Author(s):  
Fenita Shoviantari

The essential oil of basil leaves (Oscimum basillicum L) has a mixture of chemical compositions, the most common of which are terpenes, aldehydes, alcohols, esters, phenols and ketones. Of these compounds that have antibacterial activity is linalool (51.2-74.73%) which is included in the terpenoid compound group. Objective: This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of the concentration of basil essential oil on the physical quality test of gel preparations and to determine whether there is a difference in the effect of the concentration of basil essential oil on antibacterial activity. The essential oil of basil leaves essential oil hand antiseptic gel was formulated with 4%, 6%, and 8% concentration of basil essential oil. Method: Antibacterial activity test was performed using the Disk Diffusion method. Results: The results of the research for the hand antiseptic gel of the essential oil of basil leaves (Oscimum basillicum L) met the parameters of the organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, spreadability test and adhesion test. Basil leaf essential oil hand antiseptic gel with a concentration of 4% can inhibit bacterial growth with an average of 9mm, a concentration of 6% with an average of 10mm, and a concentration of 8% with an average of 12mm. By analyzing the data using One Way ANOVA, the Sig. 0,000 which means that there are differences in the three formulations. Conclusion: The three formulations are susceptible to strong inhibition.


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