Characteristics of AZO thin films prepared at various Al target input current deposited on PET substrate

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (06n07) ◽  
pp. 1540027
Author(s):  
Yun-Hae Kim ◽  
Chang-Wook Park ◽  
Jin-Woo Lee ◽  
Dong Myung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Transparent Conductive Oxide ◽  
Transparent Electrode ◽  
Input Current ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Environmental Pollution Problem ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Pet Substrate

Transparent conductive oxide is a thin film to be used in numerous applications throughout the industry in general. Transparent electrode materials used in these industries are in need of light transmittance with excellent high and low electrical characteristics, substances showing the most excellent physical properties while satisfying all the characteristics such as indium tin oxide film. However, reserves of indium are very small, there is an environmental pollution problem. So the study of zinc oxide ( ZnO ) is actively carried out in an alternative material. This study analyzed the characteristics by using a direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering system. The electric and optical properties of these films were studied by Hall measurement and optical spectroscopy, respectively. When the Al target input current is 2 mA and 4 mA, it demonstrates about 80% transmittance in the range of the visible spectrum. Also, when Al target input current was 6 mA, sheet resistance was the smallest on PET substrate. The minimum resistivity is 3.96×10-3 ohm/sq.

scholarly journals Research Progress of Transparent Electrode Materials with Sandwich Structure

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4097
Author(s):  
Li-Hao Qin ◽  
Yong-Qi Yan ◽  
Gan Yu ◽  
Zhao-Yi Zhang ◽  
Tuofu Zhama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Resistance ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Transparent Electrode ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Fossil Energy

The nonrenewable nature of fossil energy has led to a gradual decrease in reserves. Meanwhile, as society becomes increasingly aware of the severe pollution caused by fossil energy, the demand for clean energy, such as solar energy, is rising. Moreover, in recent years, electronic devices with screens, such as mobile phones and computers, have had increasingly higher requirements for light transmittance. Whether in solar cells or in the display elements of electronic devices, transparent conductive films directly affect the performance of these devices as a cover layer. In this context, the development of transparent electrodes with low sheet resistance and high light transmittance has become one of the most urgent issues in related fields. At the same time, conventional electrodes can no longer meet the needs of some of the current flexible devices. Because of the high sheet resistance, poor light transmittance, and poor bending stability of the conventional tin-doped indium tin oxide conductive film and fluorine-doped tin oxide transparent conductive glass, there is a need to find alternatives with better performance. In this article, the progress of research on transparent electrode materials with sandwich structures and their advantages is reviewed according to the classification of conductive materials to provide reference for research in related fields.

Comparisons of the Mechanical Behaviors of Poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and ITO on Flexible Substrates

2013 ◽  
Vol 1493 ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Alzoubi ◽  
Gihoon Choi ◽  
Mohammad M. Hamasha ◽  
Atif S Alkhazali ◽  
John DeFranco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Transparent Conductive Oxide ◽  
Transparent Electrode ◽  
Optical Images ◽  
Bending Diameter ◽  
Film Substrate

ABSTRACTIndium Tin Oxide (ITO) has been widely used as a Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO) layer in the photovoltaic solar technology because of its excellent electrical and optical properties. However, ITO is brittle, and its conductivity decreases significantly as the ITO films are exposed to stretching or bending strains especially in flexible/foldable solar cell applications. The cracks in ITO appear at very low strains which might cause failure in the conductive layer because of the combination of a very thin film of brittle ceramic material applied to a polymer substrate. Poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene), abbreviated PEDOT, is of increasing interest as a competitive candidate to ITO. PEDOT has found its way in many applications such as transparent electrode materials and transparent conductive layers in photovoltaic solar cells. In this work, the mechanical behavior of PEDOT was studied under high cycle bending fatigue in which the effects of bending diameter and bending frequency were considered and compared to ITO. High magnification optical images were used to study cracking in the PEDOT as well as the ITO layers. In flexible solar cells, the web will be exposed to folding/bending many times during manufacturing and installation. Therefore, the thin film substrate structure will be exposed to cyclic loading cyclic tensile and compressive strains. Therefore, this work was designed to mechanically fatigue the structure and study its behavior. It was found that bending diameters as well as material (PEDOT or ITO) have a great influence on the electrical conductivity of the thin films.

Preparation and Characterization of Transparent Electrodes Based on CNT-s Doped Metal Oxides

2011 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
Madis Paalo ◽  
Tanel Tätte ◽  
Eugene Shulga ◽  
Madis Lobjakas ◽  
Aare Floren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Transition Metal Oxides ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Transparent Electrode ◽  
Electrical And Optical Properties ◽  
Materials Used

In the present work, it is shown that carbon nanotube-doped transition metal oxides are potential candidates for use as ceramic transparent electrode materials. Used carbon nanotubes (CNT-s) are synthesized by using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Electrodes in shape of fibers are obtained via inexpensive and low temperature sol-gel method. Due to extraordinary electrical and optical properties of CNT-s and good chemical and physical stability of metal oxide ceramics, resulting composites could be an interesting subject for industry.

Properties of Transparent Conductive Oxide Films on Flexible Substrates

2006 ◽  
Vol 977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih Hsiu Hsiao ◽  
Yoshikazu Tanaka ◽  
Ari Ide-Ektessabi
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Rf Sputtering ◽  
Transparent Conductive Oxide ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Flexible Substrates ◽  
Flexible Displays ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Conductive Oxide ◽  
Doped Zno

AbstractTransparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin films are extensively used in display industry and they can be utilized for flexible displays. The polymer and the plastic materials used as flexible substrates are more bendable and lighter weight compared to glass substrates. However, its mechanical and surface properties differed from glass substrates result in different quality of TCO layers deposited on it. In this study, Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) and glass were used as substrates. Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), Zinc Oxide (ZnO), Mg-doped ZnO (MZO), Al-doped ZnO (AZO), Ga-doped ZnO (GZO), Al-doped MZO (AMZO), Ga-doped MZO (GMZO) were used as TCO materials deposited by RF sputtering. Rutherford Backscatter Spectroscopy (RBS) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the chemical composition and crystal structure of TCO thin films. Light transmittance and surface resistivity were measured after the different deposited conditions. , Mg-, Al-, Ga- doped ZnO indeed modified the optical properties of ZnO and better than ITO. However, the electrical conductivity was not improved obviously compared to ITO when they deposited on PET substrate at room temperature.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Photon Absorption onBaxSr1-xTiO3Thin-Film Semiconductor Using Photonic Crystal

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abd. Wahidin Nuayi ◽  
Husin Alatas ◽  
Irzaman S. Husein ◽  
Mamat Rahmat
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Transparent Conductive Oxide ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Film Properties ◽  
Solution Deposition ◽  
Chemical Solution Deposition Method ◽  
Bst Thin Film

Enhancement of photon absorption on barium strontium titanate (BaxSr1-xTiO3) thin-film semiconductor for mole fractionx=0.25, 0.35, 0.45, and 0.55 using one-dimensional photonic crystal with defect was investigated experimentally. The thin film was grown on transparent conductive oxide (TCO) substrate using chemical solution deposition method and annealed at 500°C for 15 hours with increasing rate of 1.6°C/min. From optical characterization in visible spectrum it was found that the average absorption percentages are 92.04%, 83.55%, 91.16%, and 80.12%, respectively. The BST thin film with embedded photonic crystal exhibited a relatively significant enhancement on photon absorption, with increasing value of 3.96%, 7.07%, 3.04%, and 13.33% for the respective mole fraction and demonstrating absorbance characteristic with flat feature. In addition, we also discuss the thin-film properties of attenuation constant and electrical conductivity.

Reclamation of Polymer PET Substrate Using T-Form Tool

2009 ◽  
Vol 626-627 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Pai Shan Pa
Keyword(s):  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Etching Rate ◽  
High Rotational Speed ◽  
Small Thickness ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Gap Width ◽  
Pet Substrate

In the current study, a reclamation module uses micro electroetching as a precision fabrication with a new design of T-form tool to remove the defective Indium-tin-oxide (TCO) nanostructure from the optical PET surfaces of digital paper display is presented in current studies. The adopted precision reclamation process requires only a short period of time to remove the TCO nanostructure easily and cleanly is based on technical and economical considerations and is highly efficient. A large rotational diameter of the cathode accompanied by a small gap width between the cathode and the workpiece corresponds to a higher removal rate for the TCO nanostructure. A small thickness of the electrodes, or a small edge radius of the electrodes takes less time for the same amount of TCO removal. A higher feed rate of the optical PET diaphragm combines with enough electric power to drive fast etching rate. High rotational speed of the T-form tool can improve the effect of dregs discharge and is advantageous to associate with the fast feed rate of the workpiece (optical PET diaphragm).

Einsatz eines naturanalogen Algorithmus/Application of a natural analogue algorithm – Reproducible optimization of electrical-discharge drilling

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (07-08) ◽  
pp. 467-470
Author(s):  
Eckart Uhlmann ◽  
Mitchel Polte ◽  
Jan Streckenbach ◽  
Mirsad Osmanovic ◽  
Julian Börnstein
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Application ◽  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Hardened Steel ◽  
Evolution Strategy ◽  
Natural Analogue ◽  
Electrical Discharge Drilling ◽  
Materials Used

Dieser Beitrag stellt die Ergebnisse zur Untersuchung der Reproduzierbarkeit des Optimierungsverfahrens Evolutionsstrategie (ES) am Beispiel des funkenerosiven Bohrens vor. Dazu wurden zwei ES-Typen untersucht. Als Elektrodenwerkstoffe kamen Messing für das Werkzeug und für das Werkstück gehärteter Stahl zum Einsatz. Im Ergebnis konnte die Erosionsdauer reproduzierbar um 37 % verringert werden. Dieser Nachweis bildet die Grundlage für den industriellen Einsatz der Evolutionsstrategie beim funkenerosiven Bohren.   This article describes the results of the investigation on the reproducibility of the optimization method of evolution strategy (ES), exemplified by electrical-discharge drilling. Two types of ES were examined. The electrode materials used were brass for the tool and hardened steel for the workpiece. The erosion duration could be reduced by 37 % in a reproduceable manner. This verification is the basis for the industrial application of the ES for the optimization of electrical discharge machining.

New Generation Transparent Conducting Electrode Materials for Solar Cell Technologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-128
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Transparency ◽  
Metal Mesh ◽  
Transparent Conducting ◽  
New Generation

Transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) play a vital role for the fabrication of solar cells and pivoted almost 50% of the total cost. Recently several materials have been identified as TCEs in solar cell applications. Still, indium tin oxide (ITO) based TCEs have dominated the market due to their outstanding optical transparency and electrical conductivity. However, inadequate availability of indium has increased the price of ITO based TCEs, which attracts the researchers to find alternative materials to make solar technology economical. In this regard, various kinds of conducting materials are available and synthesized worldwide with high electrical conductivity and optical transparency in order to find alternative to ITO based electrodes. Especially, new generation nanomaterials have opened a new window for the fabrication of cost effective TCEs. Carbon nanomaterials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), metal nanowires (MNWs) and metal mesh (MMs) based electrodes especially attracted the scientific community for fabrication of low cost photovoltaic devices. In addition to it, various conducting polymers such as poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) based TCEs have also showed their candidacy as an alternative to ITO based TCEs. Thus, the present chapter gives an overview on materials available for the TCEs and their possible use in the field of solar cell technology

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