SURFACE ROUGHNESS REDUCTION OF Cr-FILMS DEPOSITED FROM NOVEL DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENT: EFFECT OF ACETYLACETONE

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (02) ◽  
pp. 1850150 ◽  
Author(s):  
AZEEZ ABDULLAH AZEEZ BARZINJY
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Organic Additive ◽  
Nickel Substrate ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Initial Deposition ◽  
The Impact

The surface roughness growth of electrodeposited chromium films was investigated with a particular focus on the impact of water and an organic additive, acetylacetone, on the surface roughness scaling, the surface morphology, and microstructure. Cr-composite films were prepared by new deep eutectic solvent and deposited on Nickel substrate utilizing the electrodeposition technique. Acetylacetone sources enhanced nucleation at the initial deposition stage, and the surface roughness of the films was reduced noticeably. The surface structure was studied by profilometry and 3D optical microscope. The low average roughness values ([Formula: see text]1.5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m) are achieved by adding water and acetylacetone, utilizing the novel ionic liquid. The most significant of the outcomes are associated with the role of water and acetylacetone which gives a reduction not only in [Formula: see text] but also in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The obtained outcomes are promising for Cr electrodeposition, which are capable of yielding hard chromium coatings with enhanced surface structure.

scholarly journals Ionic Conductivity and Structure of Chitosan Films Modified with Lactic Acid-Choline Chloride NADES

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail A. Smirnov ◽  
Alexandra L. Nikolaeva ◽  
Vitaly K. Vorobiov ◽  
Natalia V. Bobrova ◽  
Ivan V. Abalov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Thermomechanical Analysis ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Solution Casting Method ◽  
Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
The Impact

The natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) based on choline chloride (ChCl) and lactic acid (LA) was used for the preparation of chitosan (CS) films by the solution casting method. The content of NADES in films was from 0 to 82 wt%. The impact of NADES on the morphology and crystalline structure of films was investigated using scanning electron microscopy as well as wide-angle and small-angle X-ray scattering. The experimental results allow to propose CS chains swelling in NADES. FTIR spectroscopy confirms the interactions between CS and NADES components via the formation of hydrogen and ion bonds. The thermal properties of the composite films were studied by simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis. Thermomechanical analysis demonstrated appearance of two transitions at temperatures between −23 and −5 °C and 54–102 °C depending on NADES content. It was found that electrical conductivity of film with 82 wt% of NADES reaches 1.7 mS/cm. The influence of the composition and structure of films on the charge carriers concentration and their mobility is discussed.

Surface Structure of Epoxy Treated Semantan Bamboo (Gigantochloa scortechinii)

2020 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 193-205
Author(s):  
Nur Faiqa Ismail ◽  
Solehuddin Shuib ◽  
Ahmad Zafir Romli
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Good Surface ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Superior Mechanical Properties

Bamboo is well known as the oldest structural material that possess unique anatomical structure and superior mechanical properties. It has become a subject of interest worldwide and research is being conducted for its structural applications including safety, durability and also mechanical properties. Many studies carried out previously indeed have shown superior strength of bamboo. Most of the research circulate on the mechanical properties improvement using chemical, plasma, enzyme, fungi and nanocellulose coating treatment. However, despite the conventional treatments’ advantages, but they are impractical, costly and it able to change the structure of the treated materials. This study aims to evaluate the morphological properties of untreated and treated of Semantan bamboo culm (Gigantochloa scortechinii) after subjected to a simple and cost-effective epoxy treatment. By using Alicona Infinite Focus 3D profilometer machine, the comparison between the untreated and treated surfaces of bamboo can be obtained under profile surface roughness test. Meanwhile, the depth formation of the treated surfaces also can be obtained by using the same machine under profile form management test. Next, optical microscope was used later to examine the epoxy matrix treatment formation of the untreated and treated bamboo surfaces. The result revealed that the application of epoxy treatment gave a better surface roughness and structure as it treat the bamboo strips and concurrently gave a thin layer of coating to the bamboo strips. The findings of this study suggest that epoxy treatment can be an effective and economical approach to treat natural fiber as it resulting in good surface structure which simultaneously increase the chemical and mechanical interlocking; thus, the bond between matrix and natural fiber become stronger.

scholarly journals The Impact of Process Parameters on Surface Roughness and Dimensional Accuracy during CO2 Laser Cutting of PMMA Thin Sheets

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Ninikas ◽  
John Kechagias ◽  
Konstantinos Salonitis
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Co2 Laser ◽  
Laser Cutting ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Thin Sheets ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated the impact of the laser speed and power, and the position and orientation of the samples, on the average surface roughness (Ra) and dimensional accuracy (DA) during CO2 laser cutting of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) thin sheets. A mixed five-parameter fractional factorial design was applied, and thirty-six measurements for the Ra and DA were obtained. The experimental results were analysed using ANOM diagrams, ANOVA analysis and interaction plots of all parameters. It was concluded that the laser speed is the critical parameter for both surface roughness and dimensional accuracy, resulting in strong interactions with laser power and positioning parameters. It was also shown that Ra values are affected by the orientation of the specimen and can be minimized when the samples are aligned in the laser travel direction. Finally, it was proved that lower laser speed improves the average roughness but reduces the dimensional accuracy.

INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT MACHINING ON THE ROUGHNESS OF OAK WOOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 14(63) (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Selver SMAJIC ◽  
Juraj JOVANOVIC
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Rake Angle ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Feed Speed ◽  
Cutting Depth ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Oak Wood ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents research on the differences the in total roughness and the impact of parameters during different kinds of machining processes of oak samples. Oak wood samples were planed referring to a radial surface structure of wood. The planing machine was Weinig Unimat 500 and the planing head had two blades. The planing was conducted at a feed speed of 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 m·min-1. The cutting depth of the machining grip was 1.00 mm and the rake angle of the tool blade was bio γ = 15°, at 6000°/min. The diameter of the cutting blade was Φ = 125 mm. Sanding was performed on a Viet Opera V contact sanding machine in combination heads with pre-planing knives and a roller with sanding belt. Roughness was measured along the grain in the latewood area of the annual growth using the electro mechanical profiler Mitutoyo SJ-500. The samples which were machined at a feed speed of 10 m·min-1 had the lowest roughness. The highest value of the roughness had samples which were machined at a feed speed of 30 m·min-1. After comparing roughness obtained during sanding and planing it was determined that the surface roughness obtained on a sanding machine approximately corresponds to the roughness obtained by planing at a feed speed of 20 and 25 m·min-1.

scholarly journals Smoothing additive manufactured parts using ns-pulsed laser radiation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Kuisat ◽  
Fernando Lasagni ◽  
Andrés Fabián Lasagni
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Pulsed Laser Radiation ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIt is well known that the surface topography of a part can affect its mechanical performance, which is typical in additive manufacturing. In this context, we report about the surface modification of additive manufactured components made of Titanium 64 (Ti64) and Scalmalloy®, using a pulsed laser, with the aim of reducing their surface roughness. In our experiments, a nanosecond-pulsed infrared laser source with variable pulse durations between 8 and 200 ns was applied. The impact of varying a large number of parameters on the surface quality of the smoothed areas was investigated. The results demonstrated a reduction of surface roughness Sa by more than 80% for Titanium 64 and by 65% for Scalmalloy® samples. This allows to extend the applicability of additive manufactured components beyond the current state of the art and break new ground for the application in various industrial applications such as in aerospace.

Nature instigated Grey wolf algorithm for parametric optimization during machining (Milling) of polymer nanocomposites

2021 ◽  
pp. 089270572199320
Author(s):  
Prakhar Kumar Kharwar ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Verma
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Fitness Function ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Grey Wolf ◽  
Milling Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

The new era of engineering society focuses on the utilization of the potential advantage of carbon nanomaterials. The machinability facets of nanocarbon materials are passing through an initial stage. This article emphasizes the machinability evaluation and optimization of Milling performances, namely Surface roughness (Ra), Cutting force (Fc), and Material removal rate (MRR) using a recently developed Grey wolf optimization algorithm (GWOA). The Taguchi theory-based L27 orthogonal array (OA) was employed for the Machining (Milling) of polymer nanocomposites reinforced by Multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The second-order polynomial equation was intended for the analysis of the model. These mathematical models were used as a fitness function in the GWOA to predict machining performances. The ANOVA outcomes efficiently explore the impact of machine parameters on Milling characteristics. The optimal combination for lower surface roughness value is 1.5 MWCNT wt.%, 1500 rpm of spindle speed, 50 mm/min of feed rate, and 3 mm depth of cut. For lower cutting force, 1.0 wt.%, 1500 rpm, 90 mm/min feed rate and 1 mm depth of cut and the maximize MRR was acquired at 0.5 wt.%, 500 rpm, 150 mm/min feed rate and 3 mm depth of cut. The deviation of the predicted value from the experimental value of Ra, Fc, and MRR are found as 2.5, 6.5 and 5.9%, respectively. The convergence plot of all Milling characteristics suggests the application potential of the GWO algorithm for quality improvement in a manufacturing environment.

scholarly journals A Novel Sea Surface Roughness Parameterization Based on Wave State and Sea Foam

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Difu Sun ◽  
Junqiang Song ◽  
Xiaoyong Li ◽  
Kaijun Ren ◽  
Hongze Leng
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Drag Coefficient ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
High Wind Speed ◽  
Wave State ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Sea Surface Roughness ◽  
Extreme Wind ◽  
The Impact

A wave state related sea surface roughness parameterization scheme that takes into account the impact of sea foam is proposed in this study. Using eight observational datasets, the performances of two most widely used wave state related parameterizations are examined under various wave conditions. Based on the different performances of two wave state related parameterizations under different wave state, and by introducing the effect of sea foam, a new sea surface roughness parameterization suitable for low to extreme wind conditions is proposed. The behaviors of drag coefficient predicted by the proposed parameterization match the field and laboratory measurements well. It is shown that the drag coefficient increases with the increasing wind speed under low and moderate wind speed conditions, and then decreases with increasing wind speed, due to the effect of sea foam under high wind speed conditions. The maximum values of the drag coefficient are reached when the 10 m wind speeds are in the range of 30–35 m/s.

The Surface-Roughness of Bearing-Surfaces and its Relation to Oil Film Thickness at Breakdown

1949 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Hydrodynamic Theory ◽  
Quantitative Relation ◽  
Metal Contact ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Frictional Drag ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Finished Steel ◽  
Oil Film

In this paper the relation of surface roughness of bearing surfaces to allowable film thickness is studied quantitatively with a simple Michell pad apparatus. The pads used were faced with white metal and ran against mild steel collars. The lubricants studied were water, soap solution, paraffin, and light oil. There was little difference in the frictional behaviour of any of the lubricants, except that the aqueous lubricants would not run with very finely finished steel surfaces. The onset of metal to metal contact was detected by an increase in the frictional drag, and also by the change in electrical conductivity between the pad and collar—an extremely sensitive method. The paper shows that there is, at any rate for this system, a quantitative relation between the total surface roughness of the rubbing surfaces and the calculated oil film thickness both at the initial metal to metal contact and seizure. Initial contact occurs when the outlet film thickness, calculated from normal hydrodynamic theory, falls to three times the maximum surface roughness and seizure occurs when it is double the average roughness.

In Situ: A Novel Approach for the Production of Micro Holes

2010 ◽  
Vol 126-128 ◽  
pp. 885-890
Author(s):  
K.P. Somashekhar ◽  
N. Ramachandran ◽  
Jose Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Quantitative Correlation ◽  
Good Surface ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Micro Holes

This work is on the preparation of microelectrodes for μ-EDM operation using μ-WEDG process. Electrodes of Ø500 μm are fabricated with various discharge energy machining conditions. Effects of gap voltage, capacitance & feed rate on the surface finish of the electrodes and overcut of the thus produced micro holes are investigated. The profile of microelectrodes is measured using surface roughness tester with 2μm stylus interfaced with SURFPAK software. The study demonstrated that for brass electrodes an arithmetic average roughness value as low as 1.7μm and an overcut of 3 µm could be achieved. The significant machining parameters are found using ANOVA. Surface of the produced microelectrodes are examined using Scanning Electron Microscope. μ-WEDG process parameters could be adjusted to achieve good surface integrity on microelectrodes. Experimental results showed that the surface roughness of microelectrodes depended primarily on feed rate of the electrode. The observations showed the clear and quantitative correlation existing between the micrometer level surface quality and process parameters. The resulting microelectrodes are found to be of exceptionally high quality and could be used for μ- EDM operation on different types of work materials.

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