scholarly journals On the Combined Application of Iatroscan TLC-FID and GC-FID to Identify Total, Neutral, and Polar Lipids and Their Fatty Acids Extracted from Foods

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassilia J. Sinanoglou ◽  
Irini F. Strati ◽  
Sotirios M. Bratakos ◽  
Charalampos Proestos ◽  
Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polar Lipid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Geometrical Isomers ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
The Individual

An efficient separation and quantification of the individual neutral and polar lipid classes and their constituent fatty acids was achieved by the combination of two different detection techniques: Iatroscan TLC-FID and GC-FID. The solvent composition and ratio of development system, the sample size, the fidelity, and precision were tested in order to estimate the effectiveness of separation of individual neutral and polar lipid classes and the quantitative reproducibility of the Iatroscan TLC-FID technique. GC-FID method, with a high-quality capillary column, allowed sensitive and reproducible fatty acid qualitative and quantitative analyses, separation of fatty acid structural isomers (e.g., n-C16:0, iso-C16:0 and anteiso-C16:0), positional isomers (e.g., C18:1ω-9 and C18:1ω-7), geometrical isomers (cis-trans), and homologues (e.g., C16:0, C17:0, C18:0, etc.) in standards and complex lipid samples. Seventeen (17) lipid classes and fifty-two (52) saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids were identified and quantified, respectively, in samples of standard lipid and fatty acid mixtures, simulating the composition of natural lipids and their fatty acid methyl esters in common foods. The wide number of applications establishes this combination of Iatroscan TLC-FID and GC-FID methods as a powerful tool for lipid class and fatty acid analysis of any fat origin.

scholarly journals Content and composition of lipid classes, fatty acid from \(\textit{Sargassum}\) seaweed collected at Con Dao and Van Phong bay

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318
Author(s):  
Thu Hue Pham ◽  
Van Tuyen Anh Nguyen Nguyen ◽  
Yen Kieu Thi Hoang ◽  
Nguyen Nguyen ◽  
Hai Nam Hoang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Polar Lipid ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Fresh Weight

This study studied the content and composition of the total lipid, lipid classes and fatty acids in 13 brown seaweed Sargassum species collected from Con Dao and Van Phong, Vietnam. The total lipid has a low content and varies among species from 0.10–1.70% of the fresh weight. From 13 species, seven lipid classes including polar lipid (Pol), free fatty acids (FFA), sterol (ST), hydrocarbon and wax (HW), triacylglycerol (TG), diacylglycerol (DG), and monoalkydiacylglycerol (MADG). Using the GC-FID technique, we have identified 29 fatty acids classified into 3 groups of saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids with an average content of 44.93%, 24.57% and 27.44%, respectively. Among those, many value fatty acids have been detected with high content such as C18:3n-3, C20:4n-6, 20:5n-3, and 22:6n-3. The lipid of 13 brown seaweed Sargassum species also fully contains omega-3,6,9 fatty acids with the content of 9.28%, 16.28% and 16.63%, respectively.

212 Fatty Acid Analysis and Composition in Meat by Mass Spectrometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 111-112
Author(s):  
Thu Dinh
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Technology

Abstract Fatty acids determine the physical and chemical properties of fats. Animal fats, regardless of species, have more saturated and monounsaturated than polyunsaturated fatty acids. The major fatty acids in meat are palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0), palmitoleic (16:1), oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2), and linolenic (18:3) acids, among which oleic acid is the most predominant. Arachidonic acid (20:4 cis 5,8,11,14) is an essential fatty acid only found in animal fats and can be used as a quality control indicator in the fatty acid analysis. Fatty acid analysis has been traditionally performed by gas chromatography (GC) of volatile fatty acid derivatives, prominently the methyl esters, and flame ionization detection (FID), in which the carbon chain of fatty acids is degraded to the formylium ion CHO+. The FID is very sensitive and is the most widely used detection method for GC, providing a linear response, i.e., peak area, over a wide range of concentrations. Researchers have been used the FID peak area to calculate the percentages of fatty acids. However, the FID is a “carbon counter” and relies on the “equal per carbon” rule; therefore, at the same molar concentration, fatty acids with a different number of carbons produce different peak areas. The recent development of mass spectrometry technology has improved the specificity of fatty acid detection. Specific target and qualifier ions provide better identification and more accurate quantification of fatty acid concentrations. Although fatty acids can be identified through comparing ion fragmentation with various databases, authentic standards are needed for quantification purposes. Using mass spectrometry, more than 50 fatty acids have been identified in meat samples. Some branched-chain fatty acids may have flavor, safety, and shelf life implications in meat products.

scholarly journals Streamlined Methods for the Resolution and Quantification of Fatty Acids Including Trans Fatty Acid Isomers in Food Products by Gas Chromatography

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 1301-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Alain Golay ◽  
Francesca Giuffrida ◽  
Fabiola Dionisi ◽  
Frédéric Destaillats
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Response Factors ◽  
Geometrical Isomers ◽  
Cost Constraints ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract To support labeling, claims, and authenticity of food products, industry needs reliable methods for the analysis of fatty acids, including Trans fatty acids (TFA). In finished products, precise quantification of TFA can be problematic due to the occurrence of various positional and geometrical isomers originating from different sources, such as animal fats or processed vegetable oils and fats. The risk of underestimating TFA amounts is particularly high when inappropriate GC conditions are used. Complex sample preparation procedures involving purification of TFA isomers by silver ion chromatography have been well-documented and used for research purposes. However, in the food industry, time and cost constraints do not permit multiple analytical steps; therefore, streamlined methods are necessary. Direct methods include preparation of fatty acid methyl esters directly from food samples without prior extraction. The appropriate resolution is obtained using high-resolution GC with a highly polar 100 m capillary column, and quantification is achieved using experimentally determined response. We found that it is possible to quantify TFA in the range of 0.01 to 5.00 g/100 g of lipids in a wide range of food products. In addition, the use of direct transmethylation, response factors, and high-resolution GC allow accurate quantification of other fatty acids, including polyunsaturated and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.

scholarly journals FATTY ACIDS ANALYSIS AND CHEMOTAXONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS OF MALVOIDEAE (MALVACEAE) SPECIES

Química Nova ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diégina Fernandes ◽  
Otemberg Chaves ◽  
Yanna Teles ◽  
Maria Agra ◽  
Maria Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Euclidean Distance ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Fatty Acids Analysis

Previous researches showed that fatty acids analysis might be a useful tool to support the taxonomic investigation. In this approach the fatty acids content of ten Malvoideae species was analyzed and its chemotaxonomic significance has been investigated. The aerial parts of the species were collected in the Northeast of Brazil and their fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. The chemometric analysis consisted of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) with the euclidean distance between the samples given by the Ward.D2 algorithm. This is the first report of fatty acids from Wissadula peripocifolia, Herissantia crispa, Bakeridesia pickelii, Sidastrum micranthum, Pavonia cancellata and Pavonia malacophylla. The results showed the predominance of palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1) and linoleic (C18:2) acids in the studied species. By the PCA and HCA analysis, the fatty acid composition was able to distinguish the species Herissantia crispa and Pavonia malacophylla. Our findings showed a chemotaxonomic proximity among species from different genera reflecting the taxonomic and phylogenetic closeness previously demonstrated by molecular investigations on Malvoidae species. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that the fatty acid analysis may be an interesting tool to support the taxonomic investigations on Malvoideae species.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF FATTY ACIDS IN SOLANUM SURATTENSE BURM. F. BY USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raman Preet ◽  
Raghbir Chand Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solanum Surattense ◽  
Flame Ionization

  Objective: This study aims to document the fatty acid composition of Solanum surattense Burm. f. collected from hot desert of India, Rajasthan.Methods: The fatty acid analysis was performed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The operating conditions used to examine methyl esters of fatty acids are as follows. Fatty acids were converted into methyl esters (FAMEs) before GC analysis according to the standard methods by Ranganna (1986). Quantitative determinations of FAMEs were conducted using GC-FID and capillary column HP-88 Agilent Technologies.Results: The most abundant fatty was palmitic acid (13.2%), oleic acid (22.9%), and linoleic acid (11.9%). This plant is good source of important fatty acids including all the groups of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs and PUFAs) and can be used as a commercial source of fatty acids especially MUFAs and PUFAs.Conclusion: The plant is well studied for various pharmacological activities such as antiasthmatic, anticancer, cardiovascular, and hepatoprotective. Determination of fatty acid profiles in nutritional and clinical research with precision and fastness has become popular for human health and basic research.

scholarly journals Comparison of Fatty Acid Content between New Zealand Grass-Fed and American Grain-Fed Beef Strip Loins Varying in Marbling Level

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Lucherk ◽  
T. G. O’Quinn ◽  
J. F. Legako ◽  
J. C. Brooks ◽  
M. F. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Polar Lipid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Quality Grade ◽  
Beef Steaks

ObjectivesMarbling impacts eating quality and consumer preference of beef as it intensifies flavor, and improves tenderness and juiciness. Triglycerides are the predominate lipid in beef and are considered neutral fatty acids, whereas polar fatty acids are found in the phospholipid portion of beef. Diet of cattle during the finishing period can impact type and saturation of fatty acids in meat.The objective of this research was to evaluate differences in neutral and polar lipid fatty acid content from grass-fed and grain-fed beef of varying quality grades sourced from New Zealand and the United States, respectively.Materials and MethodsBeef strip loins (n = 200) representing two fed cattle types (n = 100/finishing type: grass-finished and grain-finished) and five different USDA quality grades (n = 20 per quality grade: USDA Standard, Select, Low Choice, “Top” Choice: High and Average Choice, and Prime) were acquired from beef processing facilities in New Zealand (grass-fed) and Nebraska (grain-fed). A face steak was cut from the anterior end of each strip loin for fatty acid analysis. Face steaks (n = 200) were frozen and stored at the Gordon W. Davis Meat Science Laboratory until further fabrication. Samples were thawed for 12 to 24 h, trimmed of subcutaneous fat and connective tissue and ground. The ground sample was frozen in liquid nitrogen and homogenized for fatty acid analysis. Lipids were extracted, fractionated into neutral lipid (NL) and polar lipid (PL), derivatized to fatty acid methyl esters and determined by gas chromatography.Statistical analyses were conducted using the procedures of SAS (Version 9.3; SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). Treatment comparisons were tested for significance using PROC GLIMMIX with α = 0.05.ResultsInteractions of cattle diet × marbling level affected the overall concentrations (mg/g) of NL saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (P < 0.05). Saturated fatty acid and MUFA NL concentration decreased as marbling level decreased, as grain-fed Prime was higher (P < 0.05) than all other treatments. Grain-finished and grass-finished Standard had the lowest (P < 0.05) SFA and MUFA NL concentration compared to all other treatments. Concentration of PUFA NL was higher (P < 0.05) for grain-finished Prime than grain-finished Top Choice and grass-finished Prime. No difference was found between grain-finished Low Choice and Select and grass-finished Top Choice NL concentration (P > 0.05), however all were higher (P < 0.05) than grass-finished and grain-finished Standard and grass-finished Select. A cattle diet × marbling level interaction affected the overall PL concentrations of SFA and MUFA (P < 0.05), but not PUFA (P > 0.05). Generally, polar fatty acid content increased as marbling increased for SFA and MUFA. Grain-finished PUFA PL concentration was higher (P < 0.05) than grass-finished samples. Additionally, PUFA PL concentration increased as quality grade decreased (P < 0.05).ConclusionIn conclusion, polar and neutral fatty acid content increased with increasing quality grades except for PL polyunsaturated fatty acids. Additionally, grain-finished beef steaks generally contained a higher SFA and MUFA NL concentration than grass-finished beef steaks for all quality grades except Low Choice and Top Choice.

scholarly journals A method for separation of phosphatidylcholine, triacylglycerol, non-esterified fatty acids and cholesterol esters from plasma by solid-phase extraction

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 781-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham C. Burdge ◽  
Paul Wright ◽  
Amanda E. Jones ◽  
Stephen A. Wootton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Rapid Separation ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids

Efficient isolation of individual lipid classes is a critical step in the analysis of plasma and lipoprotein fatty acid compositions. Whilst good separations of total lipid extracts are possible by TLC, this method is time consuming and a major rate-limiting step when processing large numbers of specimens. A method for rapid separation of phosphatidylcholine (PC), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), cholesterol ester (CE) and triacylglycerol (TAG) from total plasma lipid extracts by solid-phase extraction (SPE) using aminopropyl silica columns has been developed and validated. Following initial separation of polar and neutral lipids, individual classes were isolated by application of solvents with increasing polarity. Recoveries for combined plasma extraction with chloroform–methanol and SPE were (%): PC 74·2 (SD 7·5), NEFA 73·6 (sd 8·3), CE 84·9 (sd 4·9), and TAG 86·8 (sd 4·9), which were significantly greater for TAG and NEFA than by TLC (P<0·001). Both GC–flame ionisation detector and GC-MS analysis of fatty acid methyl esters demonstrated that there was no cross-contamination between lipid classes. Measurements of repeatability of fatty acid composition for TAG, PC, CE and NEFA fractions showed similar CV for each fatty acid. The magnitude of the CV appeared to be related inversely to the fractional fatty acid concentration, and was greatest at concentrations of less than 1 g/100 g total fatty acids. There was no evidence of selective elution of individual fatty acid or CE species. In conclusion, this method represents an efficient, rapid alternative to TLC for isolation of these lipid classes from plasma.

Stability of fatty acids in hyperlipoproteinemic plasma during long-term storage.

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Z Hirsch ◽  
S Slivka ◽  
A P Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Fatty Acid Peroxidation ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Aliquots of hyperlipoproteinemic plasma were stored at -20 degrees C in a nitrogen atmosphere with added disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate for up to one year, to determine the stability of fatty acids in the four major lipid classes under these conditions. Assays were performed at zero time and at 2, 5, and 12 months. No uniform fatty acid change was found. Minor statistically significant changes were found in total triglyceride fatty acids and in some of the individual fatty acids in cholesterol esters, phospholipid, and free fatty acids. These minor changes could not be accounted for by plasma lipid concentrations, lipolysis, or fatty acid peroxidation. Evidently, plasma can be stored in this manner for as long as a year without substantial change in fatty acids in any of the four major lipid classes.

scholarly journals Fatty Acids Profiles of Stipe and Blade from the Norwegian Brown Macroalga Laminaria hyperborea, Using Off-Line SPE and GC-MS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Oksdøl Foseid ◽  
Hanne Devle ◽  
Yngve Stenstrøm ◽  
Carl Fredrik Naess-Andresen ◽  
Dag Ekeberg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Laminaria Hyperborea ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Lipid Fractions

A thorough analysis and comparison of the fatty acid profiles of stipe and blade from Laminaria hyperborea, a kelp species found in the northern Atlantic, is presented. Lipids were extracted and fractionated into neutral lipids, free fatty acids and polar lipids, then derivatized to fatty acid methyl esters prior to GC-MS analysis. A total of 42 fatty acids were identified and quantified, including the n-3 fatty acids &alpha;-linolenic acid, stearidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. An n-6/n-3 ratio of 0.8:1 was found in blade and 3.5:1 in stipe, respectively. The ratios vary between the lipid fractions within stipe and blade, with the lowest ratio in the polar lipid fraction of blade. The fatty acid amounts are higher in blade than in stipe, and the highest amounts of n-3 fatty acids are found within the neutral lipid fractions. The amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids are 3.4 times higher in blade than stipe. This study highlights the compositional differences between the lipid fractions of stipe and blade from L. hyperborea. The amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids, compared to saturated- and monounsaturated fatty acids, as well as the n-6/n-3-ratio, is known to influence human health. In the pharmaceutical, food, and feed industries this can be of importance for production and sale of different health products. Additionally, lipids are today among the unused by products of alginate production, exploiting this material for commercial interest should give both economical and environmental benefits.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document