scholarly journals Paediatric Contacts of Adult COVID-19 Patients: Clinical Parameters, Risk Factors, and Outcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ammara Farooq ◽  
Taimur Khalil Sheikh ◽  
Fibhaa Syed ◽  
Tehmina Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Health Profession ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
The Government ◽  
Vaccine Testing ◽  
Index Cases

Background. There is insufficient data in Pakistan and in South Asia regarding paediatric COVID-19 demographics and related parameters. The main aim of this study was to assess the paediatric population exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection, their clinical parameters, risk factors, and outcome. Methods. This was a descriptive retrospective study conducted at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences and Federal General Hospital Islamabad from 23rd July 2020 to 22nd August 2020. All paediatric contacts (≤13 years) of one hundred adult COVID-19 patients were included. Data of the index cases was taken from the medical records. Paediatric data was collected on the phone using a predesigned proforma. Results. There were 137 paediatric contacts of 100 adult COVID-19 index cases. The index cases were predominantly males (67%) and belonged to the middle socioeconomic class (89%), and 14% succumbed to the disease. Females had more paediatric contacts. The mean age of contacts was 6.6 years, and the majority (80%) developed no symptoms. Among the symptomatic contacts, fever and cough were the most common symptoms. None of the contacts developed dyspnoea or required hospitalization. Majority of the contacts had been vaccinated with the BCG vaccine. Testing for COVID-19 was done in only 77 (56%) contacts, 25 (32%) by the government team, and 52 (67%) privately. A higher number of symptomatic contacts were positive (15/17 (88%)) as compared to that of the asymptomatic contacts (6/60 (10%)) ( p = 0.002 ). Development of symptoms in the contacts was associated with the history of respiratory illnesses, recurrent infections, use of hematinics, a positive COVID-test result, and health professionals being index cases ( p ≤ 0.01 ). Parents with higher education and in the health profession and the families of symptomatic contacts reported better compliance with quarantine regulations. Conclusion. A significant number of children were exposed to adult COVID-19 patients. Most paediatric contacts remained asymptomatic. Children with preexisting medical conditions and with parents in health profession were susceptible to infection.

scholarly journals The Implementation of Childhood Obesity Related Policy Interventions in Malaysia—A Non Communicable Diseases Scorecard Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5950
Author(s):  
Wilfred Kok Hoe Mok ◽  
Noran Naqiah Hairi ◽  
Caryn Mei Hsien Chan ◽  
Feisul Idzwan Mustapha ◽  
Thamil Arasu Saminathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Government

(1) Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children has increased tremendously in the ASEAN region, including Malaysia. In Malaysia, the National Strategic Plan for Non-Communicable Diseases (2015–2025) provides the overall framework for its response to the non-communicable diseases (NCD) epidemic. Preventing childhood obesity is one of the key strategies for early intervention to prevent NCDs. The objective of this research is to examine the current status of policy interventions in addressing childhood obesity in Malaysia. (2) Methods: A panel of 22 stakeholders and experts from Malaysia, representing the government, industry, academia and non-governmental organizations, were sampled using a modified Delphi technique. Data were collected using a modified NCD scorecard under four domains (governance, risk factors, surveillance and research and health systems response). A heat map was used to measure the success of the four realms of the NCD scorecard. For each domain of the NCD scorecard, the final score was grouped in quintiles. (3) Results: A total of 22 participants responded, comprising of eight (36.4%) males and 14 (63.4%) females. All the domains measured in implementing policies related to childhood obesity were of low progress. Nine governance indicators were reported as 22.5% (low progress), four in the risk factors domain, and two in the surveillance. This shows that timely and accurate monitoring, participatory review and evaluation, and effective remedies are necessary for a country’s surveillance system. (4) Conclusion: Although Malaysia has published several key strategic documents relating to childhood obesity and implemented numerous policy interventions, we have identified several gaps that must be addressed to leverage the whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach in addressing childhood obesity in the country.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Parental Burnout: Parents Locked Down but Not More Exhausted

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110300
Author(s):  
Sarah Le Vigouroux ◽  
Astrid Lebert-Charron ◽  
Jaqueline Wendland ◽  
Emilie Boujut ◽  
Céline Scola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Parenting Role ◽  
At Home

Lockdowns put in place in response to the COVID-19 health crisis have changed daily functioning for families and potentially the emotional experience of individuals in their parenting role. Our study aimed to highlight the importance of the environmental consequences associated with lockdowns on parental burnout. We compared data on parental burnout levels from two French samples: the first collected in 2018 ( N = 1332) and the second collected during the last month of lockdown ( N = 522). Our results show that parents included during the lockdown period reported significantly, but slightly, higher saturation (a dimension of the parental burnout construct) than parents included 2 years earlier. However, the number of children per age group, maintaining employment, and having to provide schooling at home are not variables that explain differences in the level of parental burnout between our two samples. Our results are discussed with regard to the risk factors identified and the French context.

scholarly journals KEPEMIMPINAN FX.HADI RUDYATMO DALAM MEWUJUDKAN SOLO KOTA LAYAK ANAK

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Yunita Ratna Sari
Keyword(s):  
Information Management ◽  
Information Management System ◽  
Research Assessment ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City ◽  
Hiv Aids

Solo is one of the two Cities in Indonesia that received the highest award of District / City Worthy Children's implementation from President JokowiWidodo as the City of Eligible Children. The success of Solo to get the award of Decent Child's City can not be separated from the leadership FX.HadiRudyatmo as the Mayor of Solo. The objectives of this research are: (1) To know and explain the leadership of FX.HadiRudyatmo in realizing the Solo of Decent City, (2) To analyze and analyze the factors that make Solo Municipal Children's Favorite and (3) to know and analyze the actors who contribute greatly in Solo Kota Decent Children. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive approach that explains the results of research, assessment and other references reinforced by empirical data conducted through interviews and observation. The results showed that the leadership of FX.HadiRudyatmo in realizing the Decent City Solo is very democratic but the egosektoral among the Organization of Regional Devices in realizing the Solo Municipal Decent Children is still high and there are still problems that can not be resolved even though Solo gets the predicate Solo Kota Major Main is the number of children who exposed to HIV / AIDS is still high and the availability of child data information management system. Recommendations given to the Government are to build more intense communications and improve routine coordination among the Regional Device Organizations through scheduled meetings amongst the WTO, promoting socialization and education to all levels of society on HIV / AIDS as well as the creation of a web data base on child data.Keywords: Leadership, Head of Region, District / City Eligible Children

A Review of Hepatitis C Virus: Prevalence, Genotype, Risk Factors in Pakistan Last Quarter of Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Aetsam Bin Masood ◽  
Zain Ul Abideen ◽  
Muhammad Salman Anjums ◽  
Muhammad Irfan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Healthcare Waste ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
The Government

Hepatitis C virus has infected over 200 million people worldwide and is the most common blood-borne disease. Pakistan has the HCV prevalence rate of over 8%. A literature search has been performed using different keywords in different databases i.e. PubMed, Google Scholar, and NCBI. 6.2% prevalence rate was found in the general population, 4.13% in healthcare workers and a higher prevalence rate was observed in injection drug users and multi transfusion population. Use of injection was very frequent among the Pakistani population, reuse and sharing of syringes have an association with HCV infections. In Pakistan most prevalent genotype of HIV was 3a. Knowledge about HCV and its risk factors also varies with the educational background. Blood donors should be screened for HCV, awareness campaigns about different risk factors should be initiated at the government level, and strict regulation on healthcare waste should be implemented, these might help in preventing its spread to healthy individuals.

Predictors of progression in untreated keratoconus: a Save Sight Keratoconus Registry study

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-317547
Author(s):  
Alex Ferdi ◽  
Vuong Nguyen ◽  
Himal Kandel ◽  
Jeremy C K Tan ◽  
Francisco Arnalich-Montiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Clinical Parameter ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Registry Study ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Secondary Outcomes

AimsWe set out to identify risk factors for progression in untreated keratoconus patients from 34 centres across Australia, New Zealand, Spain and Italy.MethodsPatients were divided into ‘progressors’ and ‘stable’ patients for each clinical parameter: visual acuity (VA), steepest keratometry (maximum keratometry (Max-K)) and thinnest corneal thickness (TCT). Primary outcomes were the proportion of eyes with sustained progression in VA, Max-K or TCT within 3 years. Secondary outcomes included predictors of progression.ResultsThere were 3994 untreated eyes from 2283 patients. The proportion of eyes with VA, Max-K and TCT progression at 1 year were 3.2%, 6.6% and 3.1% respectively. Factors associated with VA loss were higher baseline VA (HR 1.15 per logMAR line increase in VA; p<0.001) and steeper baseline Max-K (HR 1.07 per 1D increase; p<0.001). Younger baseline age was associated with Max-K steepening (HR 0.96 per year older; p=0.001). Thicker baseline TCT, steeper baseline Max-K and younger baseline age were associated with TCT thinning: (HR 1.08 per 10 µm increase in TCT; p<0.001), (HR 1.03 per 1D increase; p=0.02) and (HR 0.98 per year younger; p=0.01), respectively.ConclusionsSteeper Max-K and younger age were the most clinically useful baseline predictors of progression as they were associated with worsening of two clinical parameters. Every 1D steeper Max-K was associated with a 7% and 3% greater risk of worsening VA and thinning TCT, respectively. Each 1 year younger was associated with a 4% and 2% greater risk of steepening Max-K and thinning TCT, respectively.

Risk Factors for Typhoid Fever Occurrence and Recurrence in Gombe Metropolis, Gombe State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 381-401
Author(s):  
Umar Abdullahi Tawfiq ◽  
◽  
Shohaimi Shamarina ◽  
Syafinaz Amin Nordin ◽  
Mohd Noor Hisham Mohd Nadzir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
At Home

Typhoid is a life-threatening disease that has remained endemic in parts of Africa and Asia where its burden is elevated by the inefficiency of control efforts which have been hampered by lack of epidemiological data, among others. In Nigeria, such data is absent in most of the States like Gombe where the disease has been rife for a long time, hence, to bridge that knowledge gap, this study was set up to determine the host-associated risk factors for typhoid occurrence and recurrence in Gombe. A questionnaire that was designed and validated for this location was used to obtain data from 663 respondents using simple random sampling and analyzed using the Chi-square test for association and binomial logistic regression to obtain risk factors for typhoid occurrence and recurrence, respectively. The study revealed that occurrences were statistically significantly associated with the variables for vaccination (χ2 = 39.729, p < 0.01), having houseboy/girl (χ2 = 16.909, p < 0.01), typhoid patient at home (χ2 = 13.393, p < 0.01), hand washing before handling food (χ2 = 22.856, p < 0.01), consuming iced/frozen items (χ2 = 16.805, p < 0.01), boiling drinking water (χ2 = 49.633, p < 0.01), and eating commercially available foods/drinks (χ2 = 27.864, p < 0.01), while recurrences were statistically significantly predicted by „not sure of been vaccinated‟ (OR = 2.962, CI = 1.290 to 6.802, p < 0.01), „not having another typhoid patient at home‟ (OR = 1.799, CI = 0.998 to 3.244, p < 0.01), and „drinking unboiled water sometimes‟ (OR = 2.130, CI = 1.023 to 4.434, p < 0.01). It is believed that these findings will guide efforts by the Government for health interventions against typhoid in the study area, thus improving the quality of life for the population.

scholarly journals Prevalence of diarrhoea, and associated risk factors, in children aged 0-5 years, at two hospitals in Umuahia, Abia, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Adanma Florence Nwaoha ◽  
Camelita Chima Ohaeri ◽  
Ebube Charles Amaechi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
The Government ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
And Control

Diarrhoea is the second leading cause of infectious mor­bidity and mortality in children under five years of age. This study aimed at identifying the most common parasites and potential risk factors for diarrhoea among children 0-5 years attending Abia State Specialist hospital and Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, in south east­ern Nigeria. We used 400 faecal samples from children with diarrhoea –and 200 without– in combination with hospital-based case control and a questionnaire Stool samples were processed with direct normal saline and formal-ether sedimentation method for parasitological stud­ies. More males than females were infected in nearly all age groups in both diarrhoeal and control groups (X2=23.04, df=1, P<0.05: X2=11.52, df=1, P<0.05 respectively). Amachara had more infections (X2=0.15, df=1, P< 0.05). January had the highest rate of infection (22.5%). Main clinical features were watery depositions over 3 times a day, diarrhoea lasting for days, fever, vomiting, and dehydration. Mothers learned about the problem through health workers, television and in medical centers. Risk correlated with mother’s education, occupation, latrine type, waste water disposal, hand washing, kitchen cleaning; sources and storage of water; and bottle milk (P< 0.05).Ignorance greatly con­tributed to the spread of parasitic disease in the area: the government should improve education and other strategies to alleviate the spread of the disease..

scholarly journals ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR DOMINAN YANG MEMPENGARUHI EKONOMI RUMAHTANGGA PETANI PADI SAWAH DI KECAMATAN BATANG TUAKA KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Marissa Chintia ◽  
Syaiful Hadi ◽  
Djaimi Bakce
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Section Data ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
Paddy Farmers ◽  
The Government ◽  
Econometric Approach

The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence the economic decisions of the household paddy farmer associated with the production, allocation of working time, income, and expenditure. To answer the purpose of research conducted by econometric approach using a model of simultaneous equations with the method Two Stage Least Square (2SLS). The data used is the 2016 cross section data which obtained by interviewed 45 paddy farmers in the district of Batang Tuaka. The result showed:Firstly, the dominant factor affected production is harvested area. Secondly, the dominant factors affected allocation of working time are income of farming, allocation of working outside the farming, labor force, age of farmers, the experience of farmers, allocation of working time on farming, farmers education, and the other income of farming.Thirdly, the dominant factors affected other income of farming are allocation of working outside the farming, age of farmers, farmers wife education, and labor force. Fourthly, the dominant factors affected expenditure are household total income, family member, health expenditure, number of children school, harvested area, food consumption, household total expenditure, education invesments, and savings.Policy implications that can be taken by the government to develop paddy farming to increase the production of dried paddy in the district of Batang Tuaka is with the improvement and development of infrastructure and facilities of agriculture. The increase in production to push income needs supported by the pricing of dried paddy pro farmers and stabilize the prices of inputs.

scholarly journals IMPACTS OF RISK FACTORS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS IN VIETNAM

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Do Tien Sy ◽  
Veerasak Likhitruangsilp ◽  
Masamitsu Onishi ◽  
Phong Thanh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Transportation Projects ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Investors ◽  
Laws And Regulations

The rapidly increasing demand and the inefficacy of financing transportation infrastructure project investments have contributed to various challenges for Vietnam in recent decades. Since the country’s budget is inadequate for investing in all necessary infrastructure projects, the Vietnam government has been inviting other economic sectors, especially the private sector, to participate in infrastructure development. The cooperation between the government agencies and the private entities, called PublicPrivate Partnership (PPP), must encounter various challenges leading to difficulties in attracting private investors. A main reason is that private investors must deal with critical risks concerning PPP investment environment. It is a challenging task for the government to optimally manage such risks to enhance the attractiveness of PPP projects for private investors. This paper examines the critical risk factors that influence the private sector’s investment decisions on PPP transportation projects in Vietnam. Risk factors inherent in typical PPP projects were compiled by comprehensive literature review. To reflect unique characteristics of PPP projects in Vietnam, the compiled risk factors were reviewed by a group of PPP experts from both the public and private sectors in Vietnam through indepth interviews and questionnaire surveys. In addition, ten PPP project case studies in Vietnam were analyzed to derive the risk profile of PPP transportation projects of the nation. These risk factors were quantitatively assessed based on their probabilities and impact levels. We found that the critical risk factors of PPP infrastructure projects in Vietnam are acquisition/compensation problems, approvals and permits, inadequate feasibility studies, finance market issues, subjective evaluation methods, and change in laws and regulations. By performing factor analysis, these critical risk factors were grouped into four categories: (1) bidding process, (2) finance issues, (3) laws and regulations, and (4) project evaluation issues. These critical risk factors represent the obstacles that repel private investors from PPP transportation projects in Vietnam. Thus, the Vietnam government agencies should meticulously address these issues to attract both domestic and foreign private investors in PPP projects.

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