scholarly journals Depression among Adolescents of Rural Nepal: A Community-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Prayas Gautam ◽  
Maginsh Dahal ◽  
Harishchandra Ghimire ◽  
Sakuntala Chapagain ◽  
Kushalata Baral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Rural Nepal ◽  
Poor Relationship

This community-based study is aimed at finding out the prevalence of depression, and its correlates among adolescents of rural Nepal. Data were collected among adolescents after multistage stratified proportionate random sampling by using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to assess the depression among adolescent. Chi-square test and logistic regression model were applied. The prevalence of depression was found to be 27%. Adolescents who were not satisfied with their academic performance were 2.4 times more likely to have the risk of depression ( AOR = 2.417 , CI: 1.097-5.326). Likewise, tobacco users were almost fourteen times ( AOR = 13.858 , CI: 2.090-91.90), who intended to harm themselves were two times ( AOR = 2.323 , CI: 1.078-5.005), sleep deprivation were fifteen folds ( AOR = 14.911 , CI: 7.376-30.145), often scolded by their parents was almost three times ( AOR = 2.931 , CI: 1.195-7.436), and having poor relationship with friends were 2.4 times more likely ( AOR = 2.371 , CI: 1.078-5.215) of having depression. Sleep deprivation has a long-term negative impact on health leading depression.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Adult Population: Results of Yazd Health Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mirzaei ◽  
Seyed Mojtaba Yasini Ardekani ◽  
Masoud Mirzaei ◽  
Ali Dehghani
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objective: The burden of mental disorders continues to grow with significant impacts on health. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression in Yazd adult population and to examine the associated socioeconomic factors. Method: In a 2-step cluster sampling process, 10 000 residents of Yazd Greater Area (200 clusters of 50) were selected during 2014-2015. The short version of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) Questionnaire was used to assess relevant depression, anxiety, and stress. Data were analyzed by chi-square test. All statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 16.0. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Depression, anxiety, and stress were seen in 29%, 32.2%, and 34.8% of adult residents of Yazd Greater Area, respectively. The symptoms of the disorders were moderate, severe, and very severe in 18.2%, 20.2%, and 23.4% of the population, respectively. Also, a significant difference was found between the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress and sex, age group, education, employment, marriage status, and country of birth. Of the total population under study, 3.7% were depressed, 7.7% were anxious, 9.5% had stress alone and 16.4% had symptoms of all the 3 disorders. Frequency of depression among Zoroastrians was more than muslims (42.1% vs 29.7%). Conclusion: Despite achievemments in higher education and economic development of Yazd population over the past 2 decades, the trend of these disorders has alarmingly been increased. Considering the findings, it is necessary to develop evidence-based and appropriate community-based primary and secondary mental health prevention programs

Breastfeeding practices among mothers of infants in Peringara Panchayat in Pathanamthitta District

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aswathy S. ◽  
Lakshmi M. K.
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Type Of Delivery ◽  
Initiation Of Breastfeeding

The study was aimed to assess the breastfeeding practices among mothers of infants in Peringara Gramapanchayat in Kerala. Study was a community based cross-sectional study among mothers of infants in Peringara gramapanchayat using a pretested questionnaire. 142 breastfeeding mothers of infants in Peringara gramapanchayat were studied and mothers who were not present at home during the study were excluded from the study. Study period consisted of 18 days between December 2015 and January 2016. Study variables includes type of delivery, initiation of breastfeeding, breastfeeding practices and role of ASHAs in promoting good breastfeeding practices. Statistical analysis was done using Pearson’s Chi-square test and T test. The study found that exclusive breastfeeding has been done by 68.3% of mothers. There is no practice of giving pre-lacteal feed, 95.8% of mothers have given colostrum to the new born. Statistically significant association was found between the type of delivery and time of initiation of breastfeeding (p less than 0.05). Time of initiation of breastfeeding was prolonged in case of Caesarean section. 49.3% of mothers have breastfed the baby within one hour. 55.6% of mothers were informed about importance of breastfeeding by ASHAs and only 20.4% of mothers were informed about period of exclusive breastfeeding and period of complimentary feeding by ASHAs.

scholarly journals The perception of COVID-19 among Italian dental patients: an orthodontic point of view

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Martina ◽  
Alessandra Amato ◽  
Paolo Faccioni ◽  
Alfredo Iandolo ◽  
Massimo Amato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Level Of Significance

Abstract Background The present study aimed to investigate the patients’ perception of the dental practice during the COVID-19 outbreak, and whether the pandemic will affect the attendance of orthodontic patients at the dental practice. An online questionnaire, including the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), was submitted to Italian dental patients with items about their perceived risks when going to the dentist, concerns about continuing orthodontic treatment, and the onset of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Data were analyzed with a chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results A total of 1566 subjects completed the survey, including 486 who were under orthodontic treatment or who had a child in orthodontic treatment. A total of 866 participants (55.3%) thought the risk of contracting the COVID-19 infection was higher in a dental practice; this perception was associated with gender (women more than man), age (over 60 years old) and high levels of distress (P<0.001). However, 894 patients (57.1%) felt comfortable going back to the dentist. Most of the orthodontic patients (84%) would continue their treatment. After the lockdown, there was a slight increase in the frequency of TMD pain (356 versus 334). Conclusions Most of the participants believed that the dental practice is a place at greater risk of contracting COVID-19, even if they continue to go to the dentist. Gender, age, and the level of distress were associated with the increase in the fear of going to the dentist due to COVID-19. Because of the pandemic, 16% of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment would not return to the dental practice to continue their orthodontic treatment after the lockdown. The prevalence of TMD pain in the population increased due to the pandemic.

KEJADIAN DEPRESI PADA REMAJA MENURUT DUKUNGAN SOSIAL DI KABUPATEN JEMBER

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-101
Author(s):  
Adi Zayd Bintang ◽  
Ayik Mirayanti Mandagi
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTDepression is a mental health problem that mostly occurs during adolescence. Physical, cognitive and emotional changes experienced during adolescence can cause stress. The prevalence of depression in adolescence has a very high increase compared to the age of children and adults. The main factor in being able to cure depression in adolescents is social support (Depkes, 2007). This study aims to identify depressive symptoms in adolescents and to find out the relationship between social support factors and depression incidence. This research is a quantitative research, with the type of observational analytic research with a cross sectional approach involving students at SMA XY in Jember Regency in May 2020. The analytical method uses the Chi Square test to see the relationship between independent and dependent variables with a significance level of α ≤ 0, 05. Data collection tool using google form. Determination of respondents by random sampling with a total of 158 respondents. The results of this study indicate that the distribution of women is 76.58% more than that of men. Based on the distribution of social support, 56.96% received good social support, while based on the incidence of depression, 54.43% did not experience depression. From the statistical test, the significance value of <0.05 indicates that there is a relationship between social support factors and the incidence of depression. Social support plays an effective role in overcoming depression experienced by adolescents.Keywords: Depression, Teens, social support. ABSTRAKDepresi merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan mental yang sebagian besar terjadi pada masa remaja. Perubahan fisik, kognitif dan emosional yang dialami pada masa remaja dapat menimbulkan stress. Prevalensi depresi pada usia remaja memiliki peningkatan yang sangat tinggi dibandingkan dengan usia anak-anak dan usia dewasa. Faktor utama untuk dapat menyembuhkan depresi pada remaja yaitu dukungan sosial (Depkes, 2007). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi gejala depresi pada remaja dan mengetahui mengenai Hubungan Faktor Dukungan Sosial dengan Kejadian Depresi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif, dengan jenis penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional yang melibatkan siswa di SMA XY di Kabupaten Jember pada Bulan Mei tahun 2020. Metode analisis menggunakan uji Chi Square untuk melihat hubungan variabel independen dan dependen dengan tingkat kemaknaan α ≤ 0,05. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan google form. Penentuan responden secara random sampling dengan jumlah 158 reponden. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan distribusi perempuan 76,58% lebih banyak daripada laki-laki, berdasarkan distribusi dukungan sosial sebesar 56,96% mendapatkan dukungan sosial yang baik, sedangkan berdasarkan kejadian depresi sebesar 54,43% tidak mengalami depresi. Dari uji statistik nilai signifikansi sebesar < 0,05 menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara faktor dukungan sosial dengan kejadian depresi. Dukungan sosial berperan efektif dalam mengatasi depresi yang dialami remaja.Kata Kunci: Depresi, Remaja, Dukungan Sosial.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN DIARE PADA ANAK USIA 4-6 TAHUN

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Selviana Selviana ◽  
Elly Trisnawati ◽  
Sitti Munawarah
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract: Factors Related To Occurrence Of Diarrhea In 4-6 Year Children. Diarrhea cases in 4-6-year-old children in Desa Kalimas raised annually, from 10% in 2013 to 33% in 2014, and 35% in 2015. This study aimed at factors related to diarrhea cases in 4-6-year-old children in Desa Kalimas Kecamatan Sungai Kakap. Cross Sectional approach was used forty one sample participated in this study. They were selected by using proportional random sampling technique. The data analysis using chi-square test with a 95% confidence level. The study revealed significant correlation of hand washing (p = 0,043 ; PR = 2,175), microbial quality of drinking water storage (p = 0,016 ; PR = 1,462), availability of family latrine (p = 0,003 ; PR = 3,242), and diarrhea cases. There was no significant correlation between diarrhea cases are the habit of boiling water with the microbial quality of drinking water, the source of water for washing cutlery, and microbial of drinking water, (p > 0,05). It is hoped health authorized staffs in Desa Kalimas apply community- based total sanitation, enhance clean and healthy behaviour, and socialize healthy drinking water storage based on Regulation of Minister of Healthy No. 3/2014.Abstrak: Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Diare Pada Anak Usia 4-6 Tahun. Angka kejadian diare pada anak usia 4-6 tahun di Desa Kalimas mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Tahun 2013 kejadian diare sebesar 10%, tahun 2014 sebesar 33% dan 35% pada tahun 2015. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian diare pada anak usia 4-6 tahun di Desa Kalimas Kecamatan Sungai Kakap. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel  45 orang yang diambil menggunakan teknik proportional random sampling. Uji statistik yang digunakan uji chi-square dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kebiasaan mencuci tangan dengan diare (p = 0,043; PR = 2,175), penyimpanan air minum dengan kualitas mikrobiologi air minum (p = 0,016; PR = 1,462), ketersediaan jamban keluarga dengan diare (p = 0,003; PR = 3,242). Variabel yang tidak berhubungan yaitu kebiasaan memasak air dengan kualitas mikrobiologi air minum, sumber air untuk mencuci alat makan/minum dan kualitas mikrobiologi air minum dengan diare (p ≥ 0,005). Disarankan agar di Desa Kalimas bisa diterapkan program STBM dan peningkatan penerapan PHBS pada masyarakat Desa Kalimas serta mensosialisasikan cara penyimpanan air minum yang baik sesuai dengan Permenkes No 3 tahun 2014.

scholarly journals Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Perilaku Konsumsi Alkohol Anak Jalanan di Kota Kediri

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Esta Ruri Solecha ◽  
Diah Indriani
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Street Children ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Consumption Behavior ◽  
The Family ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Approach Method

The behavior of alcohol consumption among street children is a serious health problem, because the behavior can have a negative impact. This behavior occurs due to imperfect social interaction in the community and life within the family of street children. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the behavior of alcohol consumption in street children in Kediri. This research method using quantitative approach method. The population in this study is all street children in Kediri with the criteria of adolescents ie age 10-19 years. The sample used in this study were 30 respondents, using accidental sampling method. The variables used are alcohol consumption behavior, attitude, knowledge, affordability, and peers. Data were collected using questionnaire and data analysis using Chi-square test. The results showed that of 30 street children respondents 76.7% consumed alcohol. The result of Chi-square test shows that the level factor of knowledge, attitude, affordability and environment of peers who have many opportunities to perform alcohol consumption behavior is the affordability factor with OR = 15.8. This means that the easier a person to get an alcoholic drink the greater the chance to behave alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals The Elderly’s Demand for Community-Based Care Services and Its Determinants: A Comparison of the Elderly in the Affordable Housing Community and Commercial Housing Community of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Tiantian Gu ◽  
Dezhi Li ◽  
Lingzhi Li
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
World Population ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Nanjing City ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Commercial Housing

With the rapid aging of the world population, great pressure has been placed on the provision of community-based care in China. This paper aimed to compare the demand and its determinants for various community-based care services among the elderly in the affordable housing community (AHC) and commercial housing community (CHC) of China. Two community-based surveys were conducted separately in the AHC and CHC of Nanjing City, China. In total, 408 valid questionnaires were returned from the Daishan AHC while 8422 valid questionnaires were received from the CHCs. The chi square test indicated that the respondents in the AHC had significantly higher demands for five types of services (the meal-aid service, the cleaning-aid service, the bath-aid service, the rehabilitation therapy service, and the first-aid service) than those in the CHCs of Nanjing. Further, the Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test showed that factors influencing the elderly’s demands for these services varied across communities. Several policy implications could be obtained to improve the efficiency of community-based care provision.

WEED SPECIES ASSOCIATION IN ARABLE FIELDS: OLD APPROACH, NEW APPLICATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-370
Author(s):  
G. CONCENÇO ◽  
A. ANDRES ◽  
F. SCHREIBER ◽  
I. S. MOISINHO ◽  
M. C. CORADINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Plant Association ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Species Association ◽  
Arable Fields ◽  
Species Area ◽  
Chi Square Test

SUMMARYWe aimed to assess the potential of the characterization of association among weed species as a tool to understand weed occurrence for further supporting long-term management programs. After a sequence of summer crops, which included irrigated rice and sorghum, the experimental area was submitted to subsoiling, limestone was applied, and ryegrass was planted in the winter season. Six months later, an ACCase-inhibitor herbicide was used to select only non-grassweed species. Field survey was carried out on 100 quadrats with 0.5-m width that were randomly sampled. Plant species were organized in 2 × 2 contingency tables. The results of the calculated chi-squares were compared to the respective tables, and results were presented as a paired chi-square matrix. The species–area curve was also obtained. The relative occurrence of species was determined by its frequency and presented as a wordcloud. The network analysis was obtained by using the Fruchterman–Reingold layout. The hypothesis of plant association aiming survival in arable fields was validated. The methodology of plant association based on the chi-square test was applicable to arable fields, where weed species (usually competitor plant types) occur in clusters. From a practical point of view, preference should be given to herbicides that are efficient on most species within a given cluster.

Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety in Parkinson Disease and Impact on Quality of Life: A Community-Based Study in Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fany Chuquilín-Arista ◽  
Tania Álvarez-Avellón ◽  
Manuel Menéndez-González
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

Background: Identifying neuropsychiatric disorders is essential for prompt treatment to reduce morbidity. Among these disorders, anxiety and depression have been frequently associated with Parkinson disease (PD), particularly among elderly population. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression in a series of community-based PD cases in Spain, their relationship with different clinical and sociodemographic characteristics, and quality of life. Methods: This is an observational, descriptive, survey-based study with 95 community-based patients with PD diagnosis at different disease stages. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory II, respectively. Quality of life was assessed using the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire 39. Results: The prevalence of depression and anxiety was 32.63% and 68.42%, respectively. Concomitant depression and anxiety were observed in 31.58% of patients. Patients with longer than 10 years’ PD duration had an increased risk of depression. We found a relationship between the presence of anxiety, depression, and the patient’s quality of life. Conclusions: Depression is present in one-third and anxiety in two-thirds of PD cases in community settings in Spain. Depression and anxiety have a very negative impact on quality of life in PD. Both anxiety and depression are independent from sociodemographic characteristics, patient’s comorbidities, or antiparkinsonian treatments; presenting as intrinsic symptoms in PD.

THE RELATIONS BETWEEN WORKING POSITION WITH NON-SPECIFIC NECK PAIN ON LAUNDRY WORKERS IN DENPASAR CITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Made Wahyuni Dewi ◽  
Nila Wahyuni ◽  
Luh Putu Ratna Sundari
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Neck Disability Index ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Neck Disability

Non-specific neck pain is a neck pain caused by bad posture in the long term. Laundry workers who everyday often perform activities ironing for a long time at risk of non-specific neck pain due to working position that are not ergonomic. The purpose of this research is to determine the relation between working position with non-specific neck pain on laundry worker in Denpasar City. This research is cross sectional analytic research with purposive sampling. The number of sample is 60 workers with the range of age 20-40 years. Independent variable measured is working position with RULA method, while the dependent variable measured is non-specific neck pain with Neck Disability Index Questionnaire. Hypothesis test used is Chi-Square Test. The resulted of Chi-Square Test on working position with non-specific neck pain variable shown the result of p value is 0,00 or p < 0,05. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that found a significant relationship between working position against non-specific neck pain on laundry worker in Denpasar City. Keywords: Working Position, Non-Specific Neck Pain, Laundry Worker.

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