Malathion-Induced Hematoxicity and Its Recovery Pattern in Barbonymus gonionotus

An experiment was conducted to assess malathion-induced hematological responses of Barbonymus gonionotus (silver barb) and its recovery patterns in malathion-free water. Fish (45 days old) were exposed to two sublethal concentrations, namely, 25% and 50% (i.e., 3.78 and 7.56 ppm) of LC50 (15.13 ppm) of malathion for 28 days, followed by a postexposure recovery period for the same time. The hematological parameters were examined after 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of exposure as well as after the postexposure recovery time. Except in the case of the control group (0% of malathion), the obtained results revealed that malathion exposure resulted in significantly ( p < 0.05 ) higher prevalence and severity of micronucleus and lower values of Hb, PCV, and RBC and significantly higher values of WBC in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The values of blood glucose, MCV, MCH, and MCHC showed mixed trends during the experiment. During the recovery period, all blood parameters (micronucleus, glucose, Hb, PCV, RBC, WBC, MCV, MCH, and MCHC) partially recovered, which means that the recovery period was not long enough for the organisms to recover from the previous exposure. The study thus confirms that hematology is a sensitive indicator for fish to detect toxicity caused by different chemicals. Changes in these parameters can provide useful information about environmental conditions and risk assessment of aquatic organisms.

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In Vivo Anti-Anemic Effect of an Aqueous Root Extract of Phyllanthus Muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell in Model Rats.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-743554/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

James Nyirenda ◽

Gershom B. Lwanga ◽

Kaampwe M. Muzandu ◽

David K. Chuba ◽

Gibson M. Sijumbila

Keyword(s):

Plant Extract ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Root Extract ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Aqueous Root Extract

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevanceAnemia is a very serious condition in Zambia. One of the plants that has been used traditionally is Phyllanthus muellerianus where different parts of shrub are used to treat a number of diseases in Zambian folklore medicine. Earlier studies have investigated medicinal properties of its aqueous root extracts. This study evaluated the effect of P. muellerianus roots on the hematological indices of albino rats and determined its phytochemical profile. Aim of the studyTo carry out phytochemical screening of the root extract and assess the ant-anemic effect of the aqueous extract on laboratory rats with tail-bled induced anemia Materials and MethodsThirty-six male albino rats placed in six groups were used for the study. The groups comprised the 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg plant extract, Ranferon (200 mg/kg) positive control, anemic non treated control and a normal (non-anemic) control. Anemia, induced through bleeding of the rats, was defined as hemoglobin (Hb) levels less than 12 g/dL. The anti-anemic potential of the plant was determined by comparing its effect on the hematological parameters of rats on treatment to that of the control group.ResultsAfter treatment, rats on the 400 mg/kg plant extract dose showed the greatest increase in the mean values for Hb, Packed cell volume (PCV) and RBC count were 43.3±1.2%, 15.4±0.3 g/dL and 6.3±0.3 x106 /mL respectively, when compared to the negative control group (P < 0.05). Phytochemical screening revealed positive results for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, steroids, triterpenoids and tannins with varying amounts.Conclusions. The aqueous root extract of P. muellerianus was efficacious against anemia in a dose-dependent manner. The phytochemical compositions seem to be responsible for its hematopoietic properties. Thus, the root decoction of P. muellerianus is useful in alleviating anemia and the results lend credence to its use in traditional medicine in the management of anemia.

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RESVERATROL INCLUSION COMPLEX WITH β-CYCLODEXTRIN (RCD): CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF TOXICITY IN WISTAR RATS

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i1.15399 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 27 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

V. S. K. Nishihira ◽

N. J. Mezzomo ◽

M. D. Baldissera ◽

R. A. Vaucher ◽

C. G. Pinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inclusion Complex ◽

Oral Administration ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Control Group ◽

Scanning Calorimetry

Objective: The aim of this study was to characterise the resveratrol inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin (RCD) and evaluate their toxicity in wistar rats.Methods: The RCD were prepared in ultra-turrax. For characterization of the RCD were used: Fourier transform infra-red Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction. The RCD and others 4 treatments were performed by the chronic oral administration in 35 rats during 60 ds. After the treatments they were euthanized and the serum blood were collected to analyzed some hemogram and biochemical parameters including aspartyl aminotransferase (AST); alanine aminotransferase (AST); phosphatase alkaline (ALP); total bilirubin (TB); direct bilirubin (DB); total protein (TP); total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TAG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), calcium, iron and phosphate using fully automated biochemistry analyzer.Results: The characterization results indicated a successful formation of the RCD. All hematological parameters analysed were within the normal values in all the groups. Furthermore, the hemogram and biochemical parameters were significantly (P>0.05) similar to the control group.Conclusion: The daily oral administration during 60 d of RCD are not harmful on blood parameters of Wistar rats. Thus, RCD can be used safely for treatment of some metabolic diseases.

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Hematological parameters of carp juveniles in terms of introducing Quercus cortex extract into diet

VESTNIK OF ASTRAKHAN STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY SERIES FISHING INDUSTRY ◽

10.24143/2073-5529-2019-4-124-131 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 (4) ◽

pp. 124-131

Author(s):

Elena Petrovna Miroshnikova ◽

Julia Vladimirovna Kilyakova ◽

Sergey Vladimirovich Ponomarev ◽

Azamat Ersainovich Arinzhanov ◽

Maria Sergeevna Miroshnikova

Keyword(s):

Hematological Parameters ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Average Concentration ◽

Control Group ◽

Physiological Status ◽

Metabolic Processes ◽

Maximum Increase ◽

Dehydrogenase Enzyme ◽

Feed Analysis ◽

Experimental Group

The article presents the results of studies of morphological and biochemical blood parameters of carp juveniles when adding the extract Quercus cortex (1, 2, 3 mg/kg of feed), probiotic preparation of Soya-bifidum (0.7 ml/kg of feed), antibiotics Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in the composition of the drug Antibak 250 (100 mg/kg of feed). Analysis of hematological parameters of carp juveniles showed that adding Quercus cortex extract to the diet at a dosage of 2 mg/kg of feed contributed to increasing SGE by 66%, the average concentration of hemoglobin in the red blood cell by 20% compared to the control group. An increase in the level of leukocytes compared to the control was recorded only in the IV experimental group and made 13% (P≤0.05). An increase in glucose in the groups receiving Quercus cortex extract has been stated: in the I experimental group- by 4.2 times (P≤0.001), in II – by 3.4 (P≤0.001) and in III – by 3.3 (P≤0.001) compared to the control. Increasing glucose concentration indicates active metabolic processes and better stress resistance in the fish body. Iron content in carp blood was higher only in the first experimental group (by 3 times) compared to the control. Increasing activity of alanine aminotransferase was observed in all experimental groups, the highest rate of this enzyme being recorded in the IV experimental group (feed with probiotic additive Soya-bifidum) with a significant excess of control by 48%. Lactate dehydrogenase enzyme activity exceeded the control in all experimental groups, maximum increase (by 67%) was observed in the IV experimental group. Alkaline phosphatase was below the control in all experimental groups, minimum values being registered in the IV experimental group- by 37% less than the control. Indicators of p-amylase in the IV group exceeded the control by 2.6 times, in the V group – by 1.5 times. In the II group p-amylase was lower than the control by 44%, and in the III – by 1.9 times. According to the obtained hematological data, it has been established that including Quercus cortex extract into the diet of carp juveniles is promising due to the positive effect on the fish physiological status, immune status, metabolic processes, hematopoiesis and digestibility of feed.

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Effect of exposure to sublethal concentrations of zinc cyanide on tissue ATPase activity in the fresh water fish, Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham)

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs1201257d ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 257-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Shwetha Dube ◽

B.B. Hosetti

Keyword(s):

Adaptive Response ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Fresh Water Fish ◽

Cirrhinus Mrigala ◽

Biomarkers Of Exposure ◽

Maximum Inhibition ◽

Water Fish ◽

Treated Fish ◽

Cyanide Intoxication ◽

Sublethal Concentrations

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of zinc cyanide (Zn(CN)2) on the ATPase (Na+-K+-, Mg2+, Ca2+) activity of the freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham). Fish were exposed to two sublethal concentrations (0.114 and 0.068 mg/L) and the effects were studied in the liver, muscle and gill tissues at the end of 5, 10 and 15 days of exposure. Cyanide intoxication resulted in marked changes in ATPases, represented by a significant decrease in the activities. Maximum inhibition was observed at higher concentration. The order of inhibition in the activity was Na+-K+-> Ca2+ > Mg2+ ATPase. These results imply an immediate adaptive response to the stress, demonstrating alterations in ATPase activities in the tissues of cyanide-treated fish. The present study clearly proposes that ATPases can be used as biomarkers of exposure of aquatic organisms to cyanide intoxication.

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The effect of drone transport on the stability of biochemical, coagulation and hematological parameters in healthy individuals

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) ◽

10.1515/cclm-2021-0513 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Desirée Perlee ◽

Klaas Henk van der Steege ◽

Gijs den Besten

Keyword(s):

Hematological Parameters ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Glucose Phosphate ◽

Relevant Effect ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Variation Database ◽

Allowable Error ◽

The Stability

Abstract Objectives Transport of blood tubes is mainly by car or pneumatic transport. The transportation of blood tubes by drones is a novel approach for rapid transportation of blood tubes over long distances. However, limited data on the stability of biochemical, coagulation and hematological parameters is available after transport of blood tubes by drone. Methods To investigate the effect of drone transport on the stability of blood parameters, four test flights were performed. Blood was drawn from 20 healthy individuals and 39 of the most frequently measured blood parameters were compared between 4 groups; immediate measurement (control), late measurement, transport by car and transport by drone. Total Allowable Error (TAE) of the EFLM Biological Variation Database was used to determine the clinical relevance of significant differences. Results The majority of blood parameters were not affected by drone transport. Eight of the measured parameters showed significant differences between all the groups; glucose, phosphate, potassium, chloride, hemoglobin, platelet count, APTT and Lactate dehydrogenase (LD). A clinically relevant increase for LD after transport and a decrease for glucose values in time and after transport compared with the control group was shown. Conclusions Transportation of blood tubes from healthy individuals by drones has a limited clinically relevant effect. From the 39 investigated blood parameters only LD and glucose showed a clinically relevant effect.

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Study of some toxicological aspects of Alfa-cypermethrin in rabbits

Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences ◽

10.29079/vol9iss3art126 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

Dh. R.H. Al-Fetly And N. K. M. Al-Nakeeb

Keyword(s):

Biochemical Study ◽

Liver Parenchyma ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Bile Secretion ◽

Control Group ◽

Histopathological Study ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Petechial Hemorrhage ◽

Hb Concentration ◽

And Control

This study was conducted to evaluate the immediate alterations that occur in rabbitsafter acute toxicity with single oral dose of cypermethrin. Twenty one rabbits were randomlydivided into three equal groups: treated groups (A1), (A2) and control group used in thisstudy. Groups (A1), (A2) received orally cypermethrin in dose of (25, 50 mg/kg body weight)respectively, While control group received normal saline at same time. Most obvious clinicalsings in the treated groups were Restlessness, salivation, licking of legs and face, frequenturination, muscular tremor, incoordination, and ataxia appeared in dose dependent manner. Inaddition, significantly increased in respiratory rate and heart rate in treated groups comparedwith control group and appeared petechial hemorrhage and congestion in the conjunctiva intreated groups. The blood samples were taking to evaluate some of blood parameters includes(RBC counts, WBC counts, PLT counts, Hb concentration, PCV, RBCs indices (MCV, MCH,MCHC, RDW -CV and RDW - SD), PDW, MPV, P-LCR and some biochemical study asALT and AST. Two rabbits from each group were killed to evaluate the histopathologicalalteration in liver. The statistical analysis revealed that there were significant decreased inRBC counts and Hb concentration (P<0.05) in treated groups (A1), (A2) as compared withcontrol group. The PCV percentage, platelet counts and MCHC values revealed significantdecreased (P<0.05) between group (A2) and control group. The RDW-SD, RDW-CV valveswere significantly increased (p<0.05) between group (A1) and control group. Other parameterstudied did not show significant differences between treated groups and control group. Thestatistical analysis revealed that the levels of ALT and AST were significantly elevated(P<0.05) in (A1 and A2) groups as compared with control group. In gross appearance therewere petechial hemorrhage and erosion of liver parenchyma. Histopathological study revealedthat there were engorgement of hepatic vein with presence of extravasated RBCs between thehepatocytes in group (A1), while group (A2) the hepatocytes undergo atrophy and severenecrosis and destruction with infiltration of polymorphnuclear leukocytes and engorgement ofsome portal trait with bile secretion

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Protective effect of blackthorn fruits (Prunus spinosa) against tartrazine toxicity development in albino Wistar rats

10.31219/osf.io/mdshk ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Igori Balta ◽

Bogdan Sevastre ◽

Vioara Mireșan ◽

Marian Taulescu ◽

Camelia Raducu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Control Group ◽

Water Mixture ◽

Water Group ◽

Prunus Spinosa ◽

Food Dye ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii

Background: Tartrazine (Yellow 5 or E102) is a synthetic food dye able to modify perception and behavior, causingagitation, confusion, rhinitis and can produce hyperactivity syndrome in children when is combined with benzoates.Additionally, it can trigger oxidative stress which consequently generates metabolic disorders. Therefore, the studywas designed to evaluate the harmful effects of the food additive tartrazine and to observe beneficial properties ofblackthorn fruits (Prunus spinosa) on the blood and organs of albino Wistar rats.Materials and methods: This study was carried out on 20 mature Wistar rats, randomly divided into four groupsof five animals. Over the course of the experiment, the control group received only food and drinking water, group Ireceived 75 mg of tartrazine dissolved in (250 ml) water group II was given 75 mg of tartrazine and 200 mg of driedblackthorn fruit powder 200 mg dissolved simultaneously in (250 ml) of tartrazine-water mixture (aiming to reducethe tartrazine toxicity) and group III received a higher dose of tartrazine (100 mg) in (250 ml) of water.Results: At the end of the experiment, values regarding kidney and liver weight were significantly increased, whilethe weight of the spleen was slightly decreased compared with the weight of the control group. Biochemical andhematological assays, of the blood samples show that the addition of tartrazine in the diet of rats caused significantchanges in all biochemical and hematological parameters of the blood. In the group II, which received (P. spinosa)powder combined with tartrazine, the biochemical and hematological parameters had average values similar to thecontrol group.Conclusions: Histopathological assay showed that the application of tartrazine in the group I, II and III producedlesions of the kidneys, spleen and the liver for all rodents. Tartrazine was able to generate histopathological changes,which caused significantly tissue lesions of the liver and significant changes in blood parameters. Blackthorn powdershowed a promising protective role for the blood parameters but demonstrated no significant benefits for the organs.

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Influence of Bacterial Organic Selenium on Blood Parameters, Immune Response, Selenium Retention and Intestinal Morphology of Broiler Chickens

10.21203/rs.2.23476/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

A. M. Dalia ◽

T. C. Loh ◽

A. Q. Sazili ◽

Anjas Asmara Samsudin

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Intestinal Morphology ◽

Control Group ◽

Villus Height ◽

Organic Selenium ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Immunity Response

Abstract Background: Several studies indicated that dietary organic selenium (Se) usually absorbed better than an inorganic source, with high retention and bioavailability. Dietary Se as an antioxidant element affects the immune system and hematological status in animals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of bacterial selenium as an organic source on hematology, immunity response, selenium retention, and gut morphology in broiler chickens. Results: The present results revealed that supplementation of inorganic Se was associated with the lowest level of RBC, HB, and PCV with significant difference than ADS18-Se. In the starter stage, both T2 and T5 were associated with the significantly highest IgG level compared to the basal diet, while all supplemented groups showed higher IgM levels compared to the control group. In the finisher phase, all Se supplemented groups showed significant (P ˂ 0.05) increases in IgG, IgA, and IgM levels compared to T1. Birds fed bacterial-Se showed high intestinal villus height and better Se retention more than sodium selenite. The organic selenium of ADS18 had a superior action in improving Se retention compared to ADS1 and ADS2 bacterial Se. Conclusion: Bacterial organic Se had a beneficial effect on the villus height of small intestine led to high Se absorption and retention. Thus, it caused a better effect of Se on hematological parameters and immunity response.

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The ability of recovery in common carp after nitrite poisoning

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/5567-vetmed ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 51 (No. 8) ◽

pp. 423-431 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

H. Kroupova ◽

J. Machova ◽

Z. Svobodova ◽

V. Piackova ◽

M. Smutna

Keyword(s):

Common Carp ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Haemoglobin Concentration ◽

Free Water ◽

Plasma Potassium ◽

Control Group ◽

Uric Acid Concentration ◽

Group 2 ◽

Chloride Concentrations ◽

Group 1

The aim of the study was to assess the ability of recovery in common carp after nitrite poisoning and to distinguish the difference in nitrite poisoning of carp at two different chloride concentrations in water. Two groups of carp (group 1 and 2) were exposed to environmental nitrite concentration of 1.45 mmol/l NO2– at different chloride concentrations (group 1: 0.31 mmol/l Cl– and group 2: 3.73 mmol/l Cl–) for 48 hours. After that, they were transferred into nitrite-free water. In the group 1 mortality of 51% occurred during nitrite exposure and further 11% mortality was observed after 24 h in nitrite free water. No mortality occurred in group 2 and control. Nitrite and methaemoglobin concentrations (MetHb) markedly increased in group 1 (plasma: 10.5 ± 1.90 mmol/l NO2–, liver: 3.5 ± 1.15 mmol/kg NO2–, muscle: 1.5 ± 0.37 mmol/kg NO2–, and MetHb: 93 ± 6.1%) compared with control (plasma: 0.05 ± 0.04 mmol/l NO2–, liver: 0.02 ± 0.01 mmol/kg NO2–, muscle: 0.04 ± 0.01 mmol/kg NO2–, and MetHb: 3 ± 2.9%). After 24 h in nitrite-free water, the values mildly decreased but not significantly (plasma: 5.1 ± 1.49 mmol/l NO2–, liver: 1.8 ± 0.65 mmol/kg NO2–, muscle: 0.8 ± 0.23 mmol/kg NO2–, and MetHb: 84 ± 11.2%). After next 120 h the values decreased significantly and were compared with those found in the control group (traces of nitrite, MetHb: 3 ± 2.1%). Nitrite exposure caused also increase in plasma K+ (3.8 ± 0.29 mmol/l), ammonia (230 ± 92 µmol/l), urea (1.7 ± 0.28 mmol/l) and uric acid concentration (66 ± 54 µmol/l) in group 1. On the other hand, values of haematocrit, erythrocyte count and haemoglobin concentration were markedly lower than control values. Most changes were corrected by the end of the recovery period, only plasma potassium concentration dropped bellow the control values. Nearly no changes were found in the group 2 compared with the control during the whole experiment duration. This shows the positive effect of chlorides on the fish resistance against nitrites.

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HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE OF RATS ADMINISTERED WITH PROPOLIS FOLLOWING ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS INDUCED TOXICITY

FLORA AND FAUNA ◽

10.33451/florafauna.v24i2pp371-374 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

Author(s):

NISHA SAHU ◽

HEMESHWER KUMAR CHANDRA ◽

GITA MISHRA ◽

SATENDRA KUMAR NIRALA ◽

MONIKA BHADAURIA

Keyword(s):

Hematological Parameters ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Positive Control ◽

Blood Parameter ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Distribution Width ◽

Antituberculosis Drugs ◽

Hematological Indices ◽

Propolis Extract ◽

Therapeutic Choice

Antituberculosis drugs (ATD) used as standard drugs for the treatment of deadly disease tuberculosis, cause blood disorders. The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of propolis against ATD induced alteration in blood parameters in rats. Rats were administered with ATD for 8 weeks (3 days/week) followed by propolis at three different doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) conjointly for 8 weeks (3 days/week) orally. Silymarin (50 mg/kg) was used as positive control in the study. After 8 weeks, animals were euthanized; blood was collected by retro-orbital sinus method for analysis of hematological parameters. The results of this study show a decrease in red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, red blood cell distribution width alongwith increase in the number of lymphocytes in ATD induced rats. Treatment with propolis extract encountered ATD induced blood parameter alteration which was evident by significant reversal in hematological indices towards control in a dose dependent manner. Thus, it can be concluded that propolis may be an agent of therapeutic choice in case of ATD induced hematological alterations.

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