Factors associated with the receipt of pensions among older adults

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of receipt of pensions and associated factors in a nationally representative sample of the Brazilian population aged 50 years and over. METHODS: We used data from 9,130 participants from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil) baseline survey. The outcome variable was receipt of pensions from any source. The exploratory variables were age, gender, residence by region and by urban/rural area, household arrangements, schooling, household assets, perception of income sufficiency, age when started working, number of chronic diseases, and functional limitation. The analyses were based on the Poisson and binary logistic regressions. RESULTS: The prevalence of the receipt of pension was 54.3%. In the multivariate analysis, the following factors showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) associations with the outcome: age [Prevalence Ratio (PR) = 2.59 and 3.24 for 60–69 and 70 years], rural residence (PR = 1.23 ), residence in the Northeast, South and Southeast compared to the North (PR ranging from 1.18 to 1.23), living arrangements (PR = 1.07 and 1.15 for living with one person and living alone), perception of income sufficiency (PR = 1.08 and 1.15 for sometimes and always), functional limitation (PR = 1.13) and having 1 and ≥ 2 chronic diseases (PR = 1,09 and 1,17). Negative association was observed for 5-8 years of education. No association between age when the individual started working and the outcome was observed. Younger participants (50–59 years old) with ≥ 2 diseases or functional limitation were 31% and 63% more likely to receive pensions, respectively; the strength of these associations declined with age. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that health conditions are important determinants of early retirement. Discussions to increase age to the retirement cannot be separated from those on improvements in the health conditions of the Brazilian population.

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Frailty profile in Brazilian older adults

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.11606/s1518-8787.2018052000616 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 52 (Suppl 2) ◽

pp. 17s ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Juliana Mara Andrade ◽

Yeda Aparecida De Oliveira Duarte ◽

Luciana Correia Alves ◽

Flávia Cristina Drumond Andrade ◽

Paulo Roberto De Souza Junior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Poisson Regression ◽

Daily Living ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Functional Limitation ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Baseline Survey ◽

Poisson Regression Model ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Health Factors

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of frailty and to evaluate the associated factors in the non-institutionalized Brazilian population aged 50 years or older. METHODS: The analyses were conducted in 8,556 participants of the baseline survey of the Longitudinal Study of Health of the Brazilian Elderly (ELSI-Brazil) conducted in 2015 and 2016. Frailty was defined based on five characteristics: weight loss, weakness, slowness, exhaustion and low level of physical activity. Participants with three or more characteristics were classified as frail. A Poisson regression model was used to examine the association between frailty and sociodemographic and health factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of frailty was 9.0% (95%CI 8.0–10.1) among participants aged 50 years or over. Among the older adults aged 60 or over, the prevalence was 13.5% (95%CI 11.9–15.3) and 16.2% (95%CI 14.3–18.3) among those 65 aged years or over. Factors associated with higher prevalence of frailty were low schooling, residence without a partner, health conditions (poor self-rated health and two or more chronic diseases) and limitation to perform basic activities of daily living. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of frailty among Brazilians aged 65 years or older is similar to their European counterparts. Poor health conditions, functional limitation and low schooling emerge as the factors most strongly associated with the frailty in this population.

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Cross-Canada Forum – How we identify and count Aboriginal people—does it make a difference in estimating their disease burden?

Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada ◽

10.24095/hpcdp.33.4.09 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 277-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

WW Chan ◽

C Ng ◽

TK Young

Keyword(s):

Chronic Diseases ◽

Disease Burden ◽

Aboriginal People ◽

Economic Status ◽

Canadian Community Health Survey ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Aboriginal Population ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Community Health Survey ◽

The Individual

Introduction We examined the concordance between the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) ''identity'' and ''ancestry'' questions used to estimate the size of the Aboriginal population in Canada and whether the different definitions affect the prevalence of selected chronic diseases. Methods Based on responses to the ''identity'' and ''ancestry'' questions in the CCHS combined 2009–2010 microdata file, Aboriginal participants were divided into 4 groups: identity only; ancestry only; either ancestry or identity; and both ancestry and identity. Prevalence of diabetes, arthritis and hypertension was estimated based on participants reporting that a health professional had told them that they have the condition(s). Results Of participants who identified themselves as Aboriginal, only 63% reported having an Aboriginal ancestor; of those who claimed Aboriginal ancestry, only 57% identified themselves as Aboriginal. The lack of concordance also differs according to whether the individual was First Nation, Métis or Inuit. The different method of estimating the Aboriginal population, however, does not significantly affect the prevalence of the three selected chronic diseases. Conclusion The lack of concordance requires further investigation by combining more cycles of CCHS to compare discrepancy across regions, genders and socio-economic status. Its impact on a broader list of health conditions should be examined.

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Chronic noncommunicable diseases multimorbidity and its association with physical activity and television time in a representative Brazilian population

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/0102-311x00016319 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (11) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marina Christofoletti ◽

Giovani Firpo Del Duca ◽

Daniel Umpierre ◽

Deborah Carvalho Malta

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Brazilian Population ◽

Activity Level ◽

Noncommunicable Disease ◽

Noncommunicable Diseases ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Television Time

Abstract: Lifestyle behaviors need to be more explored within the context of chronic noncommunicable disease (NCD) multimorbidity. This study aimed to investigate the association of multimorbidity with physical activity and sedentary behavior in a representative Brazilian population (n = 52,929). A cross-sectional survey (VIGITEL in the Portuguese acronym) was conducted in 2013 in the 27 Brazilian federal units. Multimorbidity is defined as the presence of two or more NCDs, that is, the outcome variable; and physical activity (commuting, domestic chores, leisure, and work domains) and sedentary behavior (television time < 2 hours/day and ≥ 2 hours/day) were the exposure variables. Poisson and multinomial logistic regressions (odds ratio - OR) stratified by age and their respective 95% confidence intervals were used, adopting a significance level of 5%. Among 37,947 adults, the presence of three chronic diseases was less frequent in subjects active in the work domain (OR = 0.60) and more frequent among those with longer daily television time (OR = 1.25). The presence of four diseases was less frequent in subjects active in the commuting (OR = 0.52) and work (OR = 0.42) domains. Among 14,982 older adults, the presence of two, three, and four chronic diseases was consistently more frequent in those with longer daily television time (OR = 1.33; 1.55 and 1.93, respectively). Finally, interactions between total physical activity level and daily television time were statistically significant in the multimorbidity in both age groups. Physical activity and sedentary behavior are associated with multimorbidity and should be considered independent factors for health promotion and for the treatment of patients with multimorbidity.

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A Medieval Burial from Graham Street, Leith, Edinburgh

Scottish Archaeological Journal ◽

10.3366/saj.2003.25.2.165 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 165-169

Author(s):

Paul R. J. Duffy ◽

Olivia Lelong

Keyword(s):

Contextual Information ◽

Human Remains ◽

Housing Development ◽

Archaeological Research ◽

Archaeological Excavation ◽

Radiocarbon Dates ◽

Physical Evidence ◽

Research Division ◽

The North ◽

The Individual

Summary An archaeological excavation was carried out at Graham Street, Leith, Edinburgh by Glasgow University Archaeological Research Division (GUARD) as part of the Historic Scotland Human Remains Call-off Contract following the discovery of human remains during machine excavation of a foundation trench for a new housing development. Excavation demonstrated that the burial was that of a young adult male who had been interred in a supine position with his head orientated towards the north. Radiocarbon dates obtained from a right tibia suggest the individual died between the 15th and 17th centuries AD. Little contextual information exists in documentary or cartographic sources to supplement this scant physical evidence. Accordingly, it is difficult to further refine the context of burial, although a possible link with a historically attested siege or a plague cannot be discounted.

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Individual psychological characteristics of employees of criminal investigation departments in transport due to the risk of professional deformation

Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia ◽

10.35750/2071-8284-2020-4-220-230 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (4) ◽

pp. 220-230

Author(s):

Yuliya Novikova ◽

Alexander Shakhmatov ◽

Maria Salyah

Keyword(s):

Police Officers ◽

Social Intelligence ◽

Federal District ◽

Psychological Characteristics ◽

Criminal Investigation ◽

Professional Burnout ◽

The North ◽

The Individual ◽

North Western ◽

Learn Behavior

The relevance of the study of individual psychological characteristics of employees of criminal investigation departments in transport in the North-Western Federal district of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (hereinafter referred to as the NWFD) in relation to indicators of professional deformation is due to the specific features of their official activities. Despite a significant amount of research on the phenomenon of professional deformity of police officers, there are few thoroughly developed and completed works on the prevention of professional deformities of police officers. The purpose of our research was to study the individual psychological characteristics of employees of criminal investigation departments in connection with the risk of professional deformation. The results of the empirical study were processed by correlation and factor analysis (49 parameters). The results of the initial analysis showed that the overall assessment of job satisfaction among employees of the studied departments is average with a downward trend. The results of the study on «professional burnout» revealed that a number of employees surveyed are close to emotional exhaustion. It is established that empathic abilities, social intelligence, and constructive coping strategies play an important role in the structure of individual psychological characteristics of police officers. Low ability of employees to learn behavior determines non-constructive strategies and models for coping with stressful situations, which leads to deformation of relationships with other people, i.e. to professional deformation. The obtained data can be used as the basis for the program of psychoprophylaxis of professional deformation of criminal investigation units in transport in the northwestern Federal district.

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Determinants of COVID-19 preventive behaviours among adults with chronic diseases in the USA: an analysis of the nationally representative COVID-19 impact survey

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044600 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. e044600

Author(s):

Jessica Y. Islam ◽

Denise C. Vidot ◽

Marlene Camacho-Rivera

Keyword(s):

Chronic Diseases ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Face Mask ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

High School Degree ◽

The Usa ◽

Nationally Representative

BackgroundPreventive behaviours have been recommended to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Adults with chronic diseases (CDs) are at higher risk of COVID-19-related mortality compared to the general population. Our objective was to evaluate adherence to COVID-19 preventive behaviours among adults without CDs compared with those with CDs and identify determinants of non-adherence to COVID-19 preventive behaviours.Study designCross-sectional.Setting and participantsWe used data from the nationally representative COVID-19 Impact Survey (n=10 760) conducted in the USA.Primary measuresAdults with CDs were categorised based on a self-reported diagnosis of diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease/heart attack/stroke, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis or emphysema, cystic fibrosis, liver disease, compromised immune system, or cancer (54%).ResultsCompared with adults without CDs, adults with CDs were more likely to adhere to preventive behaviours including wearing a face mask (χ2-p<0.001), social distancing (χ2-p<0.001), washing or sanitising hands (χ2-p<0.001), and avoiding some or all restaurants (χ2-p=0.002) and public or crowded places (χ2-p=0.001). Adults with a high school degree or below [Adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR):1.82, 95% Confidence interval (CI)1.04 to 3.17], household income <US$50 000 (aPR:2.03, 95% CI 1.34 to 2.72), uninsured (aPR:1.65, 95% CI1.09 to 2.52), employed (aPR:1.48, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.17), residing in rural areas (aPR:1.70, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.85) and without any CD (aPR:1.78, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.55) were more likely to not adhere to COVID-19 preventive behaviours.ConclusionAdults with CDs are more likely to adhere to recommended COVID-19 preventive behaviours. Public health messaging targeting specific demographic groups and geographic areas, such as adults without CD or adults living in rural areas, should be prioritised.

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Beneficial Role of Carica papaya Extracts and Phytochemicals on Oxidative Stress and Related Diseases: A Mini Review

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10040287 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 287

Author(s):

Yew Rong Kong ◽

Yong Xin Jong ◽

Manisha Balakrishnan ◽

Zhui Ken Bok ◽

Janice Kwan Kah Weng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

The Body ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Impaired Wound Healing

Oxidative stress is a result of disruption in the balance between antioxidants and pro-oxidants in which subsequently impacting on redox signaling, causing cell and tissue damages. It leads to a range of medical conditions including inflammation, skin aging, impaired wound healing, chronic diseases and cancers but these conditions can be managed properly with the aid of antioxidants. This review features various studies to provide an overview on how Carica papaya help counteract oxidative stress via various mechanisms of action closely related to its antioxidant properties and eventually improving the management of various oxidative stress-related health conditions. Carica papaya is a topical plant species discovered to contain high amounts of natural antioxidants that can usually be found in their leaves, fruits and seeds. It contains various chemical compounds demonstrate significant antioxidant properties including caffeic acid, myricetin, rutin, quercetin, α-tocopherol, papain, benzyl isothiocyanate (BiTC), and kaempferol. Therefore, it can counteract pro-oxidants via a number of signaling pathways that either promote the expression of antioxidant enzymes or reduce ROS production. These signaling pathways activate the antioxidant defense mechanisms that protect the body against both intrinsic and extrinsic oxidative stress. To conclude, Carica papaya can be incorporated into medications or supplements to help manage the health conditions driven by oxidative stress and further studies are needed to investigate the potential of its chemical components to manage various chronic diseases.

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The Painful Side of Trap and Fixed Net Fisheries: Chronic Entanglement of Large Whales

Journal of Marine Biology ◽

10.1155/2012/230653 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Michael J. Moore ◽

Julie M. van der Hoop

Keyword(s):

Marine Mammals ◽

Well Being ◽

Eubalaena Glacialis ◽

North Atlantic Right Whale ◽

Right Whale ◽

The North ◽

Management Measures ◽

Population Sustainability ◽

The Individual ◽

Severe Tissue

Concern over the well-being of marine mammals at sea has focused on intentional harvests, both in terms of individual welfare and population sustainability. Unintentional mortalities from fishing gear entanglement are primarily seen as a risk to population viability. Additionally, larger whales breaking free of, and subsequently carrying, fixed trap and net gear are subject to a very slow demise, averaging 6 months in the case of the North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis). Chronic cases can involve impaired foraging, increased drag, infection, hemorrhage, and severe tissue damage. The individual suffering of these cases appears to be extreme. Thus management measures should go beyond legally mandated conservation measures to include avoidance of such scenarios. Seafood consumers could succeed, where laws have failed, to demand fishing practices that do not kill whales in this manner. The effective absence of such demands would seem to reflect the cryptic nature of these cases to most consumers.

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The Villa Item and a Bride's Ordeal

The Journal of Roman Studies ◽

10.2307/297316 ◽

1929 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 67-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jocelyn Toynbee

Keyword(s):

The South ◽

Important Paper ◽

The North ◽

Dwelling House ◽

South Wall ◽

The Subject ◽

The One ◽

The Individual ◽

North Wall ◽

The Right

The paintings in the triclinium of the Villa Item, a dwelling-house excavated in 1909 outside the Porta Ercolanese at Pompeii, have not only often been published and discussed by foreign scholars, but they have also formed the subject of an important paper in this Journal. The artistic qualities of the paintings have been ably set forth: it has been established beyond all doubt that the subject they depict is some form of Dionysiac initiation: and, of the detailed interpretations of the first seven of the individual scenes, those originally put forward by de Petra and accepted, modified or developed by Mrs. Tillyard appear, so far as they go, to be unquestionably on the right lines. A fresh study of the Villa Item frescoes would seem, however, to be justified by the fact that the majority of previous writers have confined their attention almost entirely to the first seven scenes—the three to the east of the entrance on the north wall (fig. 3), the three on the east wall and the one to the east of the window on the south wall, to which the last figure on the east wall, the winged figure with the whip, undoubtedly belongs.

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Nonlinear analysis of the occurrence of hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea

Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics ◽

10.5194/npg-25-291-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 291-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Berenice Rojo-Garibaldi ◽

David Alberto Salas-de-León ◽

María Adela Monreal-Gómez ◽

Norma Leticia Sánchez-Santillán ◽

David Salas-Monreal

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Gulf Of Mexico ◽

Nonlinear Analysis ◽

Chaotic Behavior ◽

Caribbean Sea ◽

Historical Record ◽

Nonlinear Analyses ◽

The North ◽

The Caribbean ◽

The Individual

Abstract. Hurricanes are complex systems that carry large amounts of energy. Their impact often produces natural disasters involving the loss of human lives and materials, such as infrastructure, valued at billions of US dollars. However, not everything about hurricanes is negative, as hurricanes are the main source of rainwater for the regions where they develop. This study shows a nonlinear analysis of the time series of the occurrence of hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea obtained from 1749 to 2012. The construction of the hurricane time series was carried out based on the hurricane database of the North Atlantic basin hurricane database (HURDAT) and the published historical information. The hurricane time series provides a unique historical record on information about ocean–atmosphere interactions. The Lyapunov exponent indicated that the system presented chaotic dynamics, and the spectral analysis and nonlinear analyses of the time series of the hurricanes showed chaotic edge behavior. One possible explanation for this chaotic edge is the individual chaotic behavior of hurricanes, either by category or individually regardless of their category and their behavior on a regular basis.

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