scholarly journals LOVE in English and Polish

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Brożyna Reczko
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Abstract Concept ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
National Corpus

LOVE in English and PolishThe paper presents a sample contrastive analysis of the linguistic picture of love in English and Polish. The material used in the survey is drawn from lexicographic data, including the British National Corpus and Narodowy Korpus Języka Polskiego [National Corpus of Polish]. The paper focuses on the similarities and differences in conceptualizing the abstract concept of love in the English and Polish languages. An analytical method, developed by Bartmiński and associates, serves as the theoretical basis for the reconstruction of the linguistic picture of the world. MIŁOŚĆ w języku angielskim i polskimNiniejszy artykuł to próba kontrastywnego porównania językowego obrazu świata MIŁOŚCI w języku angielskim i polskim. Materiał badawczy pochodzi głównie ze źródeł leksykograficznych: słowników oraz korpusów (Narodowego Korpusu Języka Polskiego oraz z korpusu języka angielskiego British National Corpus). Celem badania było poszukiwanie podobieństw i różnic w konceptualizacji MIŁOŚCI w tych dwóch językach. Metoda badawcza została zaczerpnięta z prac J. Bartmińskiego i dotyczy rekonstrukcji językowego obrazu świata różnych pojęć.

scholarly journals Detecting innovations in a parsed corpus of learner English

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerold Schneider ◽  
Gaëtanelle Gilquin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Phrasal Verbs ◽  
Scale Method ◽  
T Score ◽  
Reference Corpus ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
Qualitative Analyses ◽  
National Corpus

In research on L2 English, recent corpus-based studies indicate that some non-standard forms are shared by indigenized (ESL) and foreign (EFL) varieties of English, which challenges the idea of a clear dichotomy between innovation and error. We present a data-driven large-scale method to detect innovations, test it on verb + preposition structures (including phrasal verbs) and adjective + preposition structures, and describe similarities and differences between EFL and ESL. We use a dependency-parsed version of the International Corpus of Learner English to automatically extract potential innovations, defined as patterns of overuse compared to the British National Corpus as reference corpus. We measure overuse by means of collocation measures like O/E or T-score, and compare our results with similar results for ESL. In both quantitative and qualitative analyses, we detect similarities between the two varieties (e.g. discuss about) and dissimilarities (e.g. accuse for, only distinctive for EFL). We report more verb/adjective + preposition combinations than previous studies and discuss the roles of analogy and transfer.

scholarly journals Approval and Disapproval Expressions in English and Arabic: A Contrastive Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Abeer Hadi Salih
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
The World ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Linguistics

Any language in the world wide has different expressions and terms that convey approval or disapproval that language speakers may use in their daily life. English language for instance, is full of such expressions and can be found in any situation needs to. The present research studies approval and disapproval in English with their counterparts in Arabic as a contrastive study. It tries to search for those terms or sentences that are used to express approval and disapproval in English with their counterparts in Arabic. It aims to highlight the points of similarities and differences between those expressions that are used to state approval and disapproval in the two languages. Also the study includes a contrastive analysis to the expressions of approval and disapproval in English with their equivalents in Arabic in order to come up with the conclusions. It concluded that the approval and disapproval expressions in English language are similar to their counterparts in Arabic language but differ in two points. Firstly in Arabic language main verbs are used to convey approval and disapproval whereas in English are not. Secondly, in English language the exclamatory style is used to express approval in contrast, Arabic language is not. Researchers, teachers, translators and any who cares about English language and linguistics can get benefit from this study, precisely because it includes a comparison between two languages, English language and Arabic, with several types of expressions and terms that are being actually used to express approval and disapproval.

The Spoken British National Corpus 2014 – a new initiative launched by Lancaster University and Cambridge University Press

English Today ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Daria Bębeniec
Keyword(s):  
Research Community ◽  
Valuable Resource ◽  
British English ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
National Corpus

The British National Corpus (BNC) has been available to the research community for more than two decades. Over the course of its three editions to date, this 100-million-word database, containing samples of both transcribed speech and written texts representing British English of the 1990s and earlier, has established itself as a valuable resource used around the world in a wide range of language-related applications.

scholarly journals The Metaphorical Use of Collocations: A Corpus-Based Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Yanqin Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Physical World ◽  
English Word ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Bodily Experience ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
The World ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
National Corpus

The meanings of collocations, which have been accepted as an abstraction at the syntagmatic level, may have been defined by the way human beings conceptualize the world. The patterns in the use of the English word “contain” are summarized using the British National Corpus and an attempt is made to use conceptual metaphors to interpret how these patterns came into being and how they could have derived from human beings’ earliest bodily experience in the physical world. Such insight into English collocations may help improve the teaching of collocations to EFL learners.

Variation between modal adverbs in British English

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-412
Author(s):  
Daisuke Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Modal Verbs ◽  
British English ◽  
Modal Verb ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
Subjective Context ◽  
National Corpus

Abstract This study investigates the use and distribution of the synonymous adverbs maybe and perhaps in order to determine their functional similarities and differences. After extracting usage data from the British National Corpus (BNC), this study explores the following factors by analyzing the target adverbs in a larger context: (i) the kind of register, (ii) the kind of NP chosen as the subject in maybe/perhaps clauses, (iii) the kind of modal verb used in the same clause, and (iv) the position occupied by the target adverbs in a clause. The corpus analysis demonstrates that maybe is more prone to subjective use while perhaps is a more strongly grammaticalized item, and that the factors related to a highly subjective context contribute much to the variation between the adverbs. In addition, I suggest that both maybe and perhaps (in combination with modal verbs or in final position) can be used in an intersubjective context.

scholarly journals Pragmatic functions of modern english phraseology

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4/S) ◽  
pp. 313-317
Author(s):  
Feruza Alimova
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
National Corpus

Phraseological units – there is one of the most controversial problems in modern phraseology. This article presents the results of studying the main pragmatic functions of phraseological units in modern English. The relevance of the research lies in the urgent need to differentiate regular pragmatic functions in English phraseology. The aim of the work is to analyze the functions of phraseological units based on the British National Corpus (BNC) and assess their quantitative ratios. The theoretical basis of the research is the phraseological concept of A.V. Kunin.

scholarly journals DUSHA (“SOUL”) and TELO (“BODY”) in the Aspect of Contrastive Analysis of Cultural Concepts: Materials for the Linguo-Cultorological Phraseological Dictionary of Russian-Kazakh Correlations

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-150
Author(s):  
T. B. Radbil ◽  
G. A. Akhmetzhanova ◽  
Z. Zh. Zhumagulova ◽  
A. E. Seralieva ◽  
G. E. Seralieva
Keyword(s):  
Standard Method ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Cultural Concepts ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
Culture Environment

Some preliminary results of joint research lexicographic project of Russian and Kazakh linguists on linguo-cultorological contrastive analysis of Russian-Kazakh phraseological correlations are discussed in the article. The work presents the experience of contrastive lexicographic description of the concepts ZHAN - DUSHA (“SOUL”) and DENE / BOY - TELO (“BODY”) in the aspect of their language objectification in Russian and Kazakh phraseologisms. The purpose is to give contrastive analysis of the opposite concepts ZHAN - DUSHA (“SOUL”) and DENE / BOY - TELO (“BODY”) in their phraseological representation in Russian and Kazakh. The material for the study is the data of Russian and Kazakh phraseological dictionaries. The theoretical basis of the work is the ideas of language conceptualization of the world, the principles cognitive interpretation of elements of “a language of culture” and the methodology of linguo-cultorological study in phraseologisms. The standard method of conceptual analysis and the method of contrastive phraseological analysis are used un the article. It is shown that there are a lot of substantial resemblances in phraseological representations of the concepts in Russian and Kazakh lingual cultures resulting from general principles of language conceptualization of reality in languages of the world. On the other side, some conceptual divergences between compared languages are also revealed: they are caused by peculiarities of nature and culture environment as well as by diversity in changing of nominations for imaginative denotation of approximately analogous substance. The authors come at a conclusion that the contrary concepts ZHAN - DUSHA (“SOUL”) and DENE / BOY - TELO (“BODY”) are revealed in the mirror of each other in phraseology of compared languages.

scholarly journals Normality and normalcy: A case of -ity/-cy doublets in the BNC

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-201
Author(s):  
Tamara Jevrić
Keyword(s):  
Derivational Morphology ◽  
Strong Connection ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Semantic Distinction ◽  
National Corpus

Corpus-based research into derivational morphology can explain how affixes function, answer questions about their productivity and its relation to their synonymy, and clarify the rivalry between certain affixes and their semantic distinction. The aim of this research is to establish the similarities and differences between the nouns normality and normalcy by contrasting the suffixes -ity and -cy they contain in the British National Corpus (BNC). The focus is on the collocates which precede the nouns and the sources in which they appear. The attempt is also to understand what characterises the suffixes and their distribution. By focusing on normality and normalcy, we examine how lexical items behave in an electronically-stored corpus and whether a strong connection between meaning and form manifests itself in different word patterns highlighting different aspects of meaning.

scholarly journals Models and forms of a secular state and religious relations in modern Western countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
G.Zh. Majiev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
General Model ◽  
The State ◽  
Topical Issue ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Religious Associations ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Relationship

In this article, the author analyzed the forms of interaction of religious associations and the state in Western countries. Currently, there is no clear general model in the world practice related to the relationship between the state and religion, especially with the principles of secularism, and a large number of conclusions about secularity studied to date show that researchers need even more research in this direction. In particular, this is a topical issue for countries oriented towards the secularity model of Western countries in preventing future problems and positively implementing secularism principles. Within the framework of the topic, special attention was paid to the countries of Europe, Italy, France, Germany, Great Britain, studied by a comparatively analytical method of similarities and differences in their positions in state-confessional relations. As a result, several features and differences between these countries in this direction were established.

A Corpus-Based Analysis of Eight English Synonymous Adjectives of Fear

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Sa'ida Walid Sayyed ◽  
Rajai Rasheed Al-Khanji
Keyword(s):  
American English ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
The Core ◽  
Idiomatic Expressions ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
National Corpus

This corpus-based study aims at investigating the similarities and differences that exist between afraid, scared, frightened, terrified, startled, fearful, horrified and petrified. Specifically, it compared and contrasted them in terms of dialectal differences, frequency of occurrence, distribution in different genres and core meanings. The data were collected from the British National Corpus (BNC), the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), the online Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDOCE) and the online Merriam Webster’s Dictionary (MWD). The results of both corpora have revealed that the most frequent adjectives of fear are “afraid”, “scared” and “frightened”. Moreover, the findings of both corpora have shown that nearly all adjectives appear to be mostly used in fiction and spoken genres. Furthermore, the results also unveiled that both the Americans and the British tend to avoid using such adjectives of fear in academic contexts. As for the core meanings, the findings have uncovered that the core meanings of these adjectives in dictionaries have shown that LDOCE gives more emphasis on idiomatic meanings of words under investigation. Unlike MWD, LDOCE offers more senses for the words “afraid”, “scared” and “frightened”. Further, the meanings of these adjectives in COCA have revealed that this corpus gives more space for idiomatic expressions related to the adjectives under investigation if compared to the results of MWD. Therefore, it can be concluded that the data of the two corpora give extra meanings that are not found in these dictionaries. Also, the study concluded with some pedagogical implications.

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