Oral Microbiome Signatures in Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontal Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 658-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.E. Matsha ◽  
Y. Prince ◽  
S. Davids ◽  
U. Chikte ◽  
R.T. Erasmus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Gingival Bleeding ◽  
Rdna Sequencing

Disturbances in the oral microbiome are associated with periodontal disease initiation and progression and diabetes mellitus (DM), but how this contributes to the cause-and-effect relationship between periodontal disease and DM is poorly understood. We examined the bacterial composition in plaque samples from 128 South Africans with periodontal disease across glycemic statuses using 16S rDNA sequencing of regions 2, 3, 4, 6-7, 8, and 9. Of the 9 phyla identified, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria made up >98%. Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria were significantly more abundant in subjects with diabetes, while Proteobacteria were less abundant. However, in the presence of gingival bleeding and DM, as compared with DM without gingival bleeding, Actinobacteria were markedly reduced while Bacteroidetes were more abundant. In contrast, no differences in Actinobacteria or Bacteroidetes abundance were observed between DM with and without pocket depth (PD) ≥4 mm. At the genus level, similar changes in relative abundance were observed in the presence of DM and periodontal disease. Our findings remained in conditional logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, waist circumference, and the 5 most dominant phyla. For example, Actinobacteria significantly increased the odds of diabetes by 10% in subjects with gingival bleeding, while Fusobacteria increased this odd by 14%; yet, among subjects with PD ≥4 mm, Fusobacteria decreased the odds of DM by 47%. Our findings have confirmed the alterations in the composition of the oral microbiota across glycemic statuses as well as different stages of periodontal disease. However, it is not clear whether these differences were the consequence of hyperglycemia or the presence of periodontal diseases. Therefore, we recommend further investigations in a longitudinal study design.

Periodontopathogens: a new view. Systematic review. Part 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-167
Author(s):  
E. S. Slazhneva ◽  
E. A. Tikhomirova ◽  
V. G. Atrushkevich
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Past

Relevance. The modern view of periodontitis as a dysbiotic disease that occurs as a result of changes in the microbial composition of the subgingival region is considered in a systematic review.Purpose. To study a new paradigm of development of generalized periodontitis.Materials and methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTS) were selected for the study, including cluster RCTS, controlled (non-randomized) microbiological and clinical studies of the oral microbiome in adult patients with generalized periodontitis over the past 10 years.Results. The transition from a symbiotic microflora to a dysbiotic pathogenic community triggers the host's inflammatory response, which contributes to the development of periodontal diseases. Modern ideas about periodontal pathogenic bacteria dictate new requirements for the treatment of periodontal diseases. The second part of the review examines the microbial profiles of periodontal disease in various nosological forms, the mechanisms of the immune response and approaches to the treatment of periodontal disease from the perspective of biofilm infection.Conclusions. As follows from modern literature periodontitis is to a certain extent caused by the transition from a harmonious symbiotic bacterial community to a dysbiotic one. Recent scientific studies have shown that not single microorganism is not able to cause disease but the microbial community as a whole leads to the development of pathology.

Comparison of Sampling Techniques For qPCR Quantification of Periodontal Pathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2853-2856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Jelihovschi ◽  
Cristian Drochioi ◽  
Aida Corina Badescu ◽  
Raoul Vasile Lupusoru ◽  
Alexandra Elena Munteanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Treponema Denticola ◽  
Subgingival Plaque ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Radiographic Evidence ◽  
Gingival Bleeding ◽  
As Species ◽  
Qpcr Quantification

The diagnosis of periodontal disease is mainly based on use of clinical and radiographic evidence. In this study we employed a quantitative PCR analysis of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Treponema denticola as species strongly involved in periodontal diseases, burden in periodontal pockets to detect the main sampling factors that interfere with qPCR results. From 22 patients with advanced periodontal disease, subgingival plaque was comparatively collected by paper points and periodontal Gracey curettes. Samples were collected from the same situs in presence of gingival bleeding and absence of bleeding. The concordance and agreement of results between samples were assessed. The present study demonstrates that subgingival plaque sampling with sterile absorbable paper points is often accompanied by gingival bleeding resulting in quantification biases of periodontal pathogens.

scholarly journals Is There a Link between Oropharyngeal Microbiome and Schizophrenia? A Narrative Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 846
Author(s):  
Stanislas Martin ◽  
Audrey Foulon ◽  
Wissam El Hage ◽  
Diane Dufour-Rainfray ◽  
Frédéric Denis
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

The study aimed to examine the impact of the oropharyngeal microbiome in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and to clarify whether there might be a bidirectional link between the oral microbiota and the brain in a context of dysbiosis-related neuroinflammation. We selected nine articles including three systemic reviews with several articles from the same research team. Different themes emerged, which we grouped into 5 distinct parts concerning the oropharyngeal phageome, the oropharyngeal microbiome, the salivary microbiome and periodontal disease potentially associated with schizophrenia, and the impact of drugs on the microbiome and schizophrenia. We pointed out the presence of phageoma in patients suffering from schizophrenia and that periodontal disease reinforces the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Moreover, saliva could be an interesting substrate to characterize the different stages of schizophrenia. However, the few studies we have on the subject are limited in scope, and some of them are the work of a single team. At this stage of knowledge, it is difficult to conclude on the existence of a bidirectional link between the brain and the oral microbiome. Future studies on the subject will clarify these questions that for the moment remain unresolved.

scholarly journals 2577. Periodontal Disease and the Oral Microbiome in Alcohol-Dependent Individuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S895-S896
Author(s):  
Brianna K Meeks ◽  
Jen Barb ◽  
Sarah E Mudra ◽  
Narjis Kazmi ◽  
Ralph T S Tuason, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Severe Periodontitis ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

Abstract Background Periodontal disease results from a polymicrobial infection composed of pathogenic bacteria that colonize the oral cavity, resulting in loss of periodontal attachment and alveolar bone. Periodontitis can increase the risk or exacerbate other comorbidities. Alcohol use increases the risk of periodontitis, but there is little knowledge about periodontitis among people who misuse alcohol. Methods As part of a larger oral and gut microbiome study, this analysis examines the oral microbiome in the occurrence and severity of periodontitis among alcohol-dependent (AD) subjects undergoing a 28-day inpatient alcohol treatment program. Tongue brushings were collected from 22 subjects within the first week of admission, and 16S rDNA sequencing was performed. All subjects had a dental examination during the inpatient stay. This analysis divided periodontal disease status into three major groups–no disease, mild or moderate disease, and severe disease. One-way ANOVA was used to compare microbial genera across the 3 groups. Results Nineteen (86%) of the subjects had periodontitis: 16 had mild or moderate disease, and 3 had severe disease. Statistically different microbial genera in at least one of the three groups (P ≤ 0.05 corresponding to FDR ≤ 0.25) that had a relative abundance of at least 0.5% include: Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus, Porphyromonas, and Treponema. Surprisingly, the subjects with no periodontitis had increased abundances of genera that are often pathogens, Porphyromonas and Peptostreptococcus. Subjects with severe periodontitis had increased abundances of known pathogens Treponema and Parvimonas, as well as Lactobacillus, which has been associated with dental caries. Conclusion We observed that periodontitis accompanies chronic AD, given that 86% of our subjects had the disease. While some microbiome differences for individuals with and without periodontitis were not consistent with the existing literature, this may have many explanations. Future studies should consider how chronic AD could change the microbial ecology of the mouth and lead to further infection as well as utilizing multiple oral sites and a larger sample size to better understand the relationship between AD and periodontal disease. Intramural funds from NIH Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Composition Analysis and Feature Selection of the Oral Microbiota Associated with Periodontal Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Pei Chen ◽  
Shih-Hao Chang ◽  
Chuan-Yi Tang ◽  
Ming-Li Liou ◽  
Suh-Jen Jane Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feature Selection ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Selection Algorithm ◽  
Feature Selection Algorithm

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease involving complex interactions between oral microorganisms and the host immune response. Understanding the structure of the microbiota community associated with periodontitis is essential for improving classifications and diagnoses of various types of periodontal diseases and will facilitate clinical decision-making. In this study, we used a 16S rRNA metagenomics approach to investigate and compare the compositions of the microbiota communities from 76 subgingival plagues samples, including 26 from healthy individuals and 50 from patients with periodontitis. Furthermore, we propose a novel feature selection algorithm for selecting features with more information from many variables with a combination of these features and machine learning methods were used to construct prediction models for predicting the health status of patients with periodontal disease. We identified a total of 12 phyla, 124 genera, and 355 species and observed differences between health- and periodontitis-associated bacterial communities at all phylogenetic levels. We discovered that the generaPorphyromonas,Treponema,Tannerella,Filifactor, andAggregatibacterwere more abundant in patients with periodontal disease, whereasStreptococcus,Haemophilus,Capnocytophaga,Gemella,Campylobacter, andGranulicatellawere found at higher levels in healthy controls. Using our feature selection algorithm, random forests performed better in terms of predictive power than other methods and consumed the least amount of computational time.

scholarly journals Effect of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy on Crevicular Fluid and Serum Glutathione Peroxidase Levels

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Pradeep Patel ◽  
Nishanth S. Rao ◽  
A. R. Pradeep
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Background: Plasma glutathione peroxidase (eGPx) is an important selenium containing antioxidant in human defense against oxidative stress. While crevicular fluid (GCF) eGPx levels and its association with periodontal disease is well documented, there is no data on correlation of GCF and serum eGPx levels in chronic periodontitis. Hence this study was undertaken to further probe into the role of oxidative stress in periodontal diseases and effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) by correlating GCF and serum levels of eGPx.Materials and methods: Thirty subjects (16-Males and 14-Females; age: 30–38 years) participated in the study. The subjects were divided, based on gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level into: Healthy (group-1,n=10), Gingivitis (group-2,n=10) and Periodontitis (group-3,n=10). Chronic periodontitis patients after NSPT constituted group 4. GCF and serum samples collected from each subject were quantified for eGPx levels using Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay.Results: The mean eGPx concentrations increased from health (14.01 ng/μl and 78.26 ng/ml) to gingivitis (22.86 ng/μl and 90.44 ng/ml) and then to periodontitis (29.89 ng/μl and 103.43 ng/ml), in GCF and serum respectively. After NSPT, there was statistically significant reduction in eGPx concentration in GCF and serum (19.41 ng/μl and 85.21 ng/ml). Further, all the GCF eGPx values showed a positive correlation to that of serum eGPx level.Conclusion: Thus, increased eGPx concentration in GCF can be considered as an indicator of local increase in oxidative stress. While, increase in serum eGPx levels indicates that periodontal disease can also lead to increased oxidative stress at the systemic level.

scholarly journals RESOURCES TO IMPROVE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERIODONTAL TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 702-707
Author(s):  
Galyna F. Biloklytska ◽  
Svitlana Yu. Viala
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type I ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Local Risk

The aim: Is to characterize the «Medico-sociological map» developed by us to identify systemic and local risk factors for periodontal disease in patients with type I and II diabetes mellitus as a resource to improve the treatment of generalized periodontitis. Materials and methods: We have developed a Medic-sociological map to identify systemic and local risk factors for periodontal disease in patients with type I and type II diabetes mellitus. Methods of accumulation of primary dental and endocrinological information, review and analytical methods. Statistical methods for comparing empirical data and their generalization. Results: Thanks to the «Medico-sociological map» developed by us, systemic and local risk factors for the development of periodontal tissue diseases in patients with type I and II diabetes mellitus have been identified. Factors for improving the well-being of patients in the treatment of periodontal diseases have been comprehensively studied. Patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus have been shown to give up healthy habits (cigarette smoking) and lead a healthy lifestyle and reduce the health risks that can be caused by generalized periodontitis in combination with diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: It has been demonstrated that resources to improve the effectiveness of periodontitis treatment in patients with diabetes mellitus include not only cooperation with endocrinologists, but also our «Medico-sociological map» to identify systemic and local risk factors for periodontal disease in patients with type I and II diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Diabetes mellitus and periodontal diseases: A two way relationship

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Gowhar Nazir ◽  
◽  
Josee Amin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Systemic Effect ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Periodontal Infection ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Global Health Care

Diabetes mellitus and periodontits are both highly prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases. Both diseases share the same risk factors and are a significant global health care burden adversely affecting the quality of life. Evidence from various studies have demonstrated that diabetes is a major risk factor for periodontal disease and is associated with increased incidence, prevalence and severity of periodontal disease. Hyperglycemia associated with diabetes mellitus results in an increased host immunoinflammatory response which adversely affects the periodontal health. Conversely, periodontits is associated with poor metabolic control in patients with diabetes and increased development of diabetic complications suggesting a bidirectional relationship between the two diseases. Periodontal infection via bacteremia exerts a wide systemic effect by contributing to chronic systemic inflammatory burden worsening diabetic state by increasing insulin resistance. Moreover, studies have demonstrated an improvement in glycemic control following periodontal therapy in prediabetic and diabetic patients with periodontitis.

scholarly journals The relationship between periodontite and diabetes mellitus type ii facing the new classification of periodontal diseases: literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Maria Lopes de OLIVEIRA ◽  
Lívia Mirelle BARBOSA
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
New Classification ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Periodontal disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus are considered chronic diseases that at their core have a deep relationship with inflammation. It is assumed that there is a bidirectional relationship between periodontal disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is estimated that approximately 10% of the world’s population is affected by periodontal disease, in its most severe form, almost the same percentage estimated for people with diabetes, which is considered a 21st century emergency. The World Workshop for the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases and Conditions took place from September 9-11, 2017. The aim of this study is to analyze the results of this workshop with regard to the relationship between periodontal diseases/conditions and diabetes mellitus, in addition to conducting an integrative review on the topic. A literature review was conducted, using the Medline electronic databases via Pubmed, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Scientific and Technical Literature of Latin America and the Caribbean and Virtual Health Library. A new classification of periodontal disease included tools for individual assessment of the patient and recognizing risk factors that might negatively interfere in response to treatment. The occurrence of metabolic lack of control in periodontal patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is now considered a factor of great importance for the assessment of individual susceptibility to the progression of periodontitis. Diabetes is believed to promote a hyper inflammatory response to bacterial challenge by modifying the tissue response of periodontal tissues.

scholarly journals Interplay Among the Oral Microbiome, Oral Cavity Conditions, the Host Immune Response, Diabetes Mellitus, and Its Associated-Risk Factors—An Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais de Cássia Negrini ◽  
Iracilda Zeppone Carlos ◽  
Cristiane Duque ◽  
Karina Sampaio Caiaffa ◽  
Rodrigo Alex Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

This comprehensive review of the literature aimed to investigate the interplay between the oral microbiome, oral cavity conditions, and host immune response in Diabetes mellitus (DM). Moreover, this review also aimed to investigate how DM related risk factors, such as advanced age, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), act in promoting or modifying specific mechanisms that could potentially perpetuate both altered systemic and oral conditions. We found that poorly controlled glycemic index may exert a negative effect on the immune system of affected individuals, leading to a deficient immune response or to an exacerbation of the inflammatory response exacerbating DM-related complications. Hyperglycemia induces alterations in the oral microbiome since poor glycemic control is associated with increased levels and frequencies of periodontal pathogens in the subgingival biofilm of individuals with DM. A bidirectional relationship between periodontal diseases and DM has been suggested: DM patients may have an exaggerated inflammatory response, poor repair and bone resorption that aggravates periodontal disease whereas the increased levels of systemic pro-inflammatory mediators found in individuals affected with periodontal disease exacerbates insulin resistance. SARS-CoV-2 infection may represent an aggravating factor for individuals with DM. Individuals with DM tend to have low salivary flow and a high prevalence of xerostomia, but the association between prevalence/experience of dental caries and DM is still unclear. DM has also been associated to the development of lesions in the oral mucosa, especially potentially malignant ones and those associated with fungal infections. Obesity plays an important role in the induction and progression of DM. Co-affected obese and DM individuals tend to present worse oral health conditions. A decrease in HDL and, an increase in triglycerides bloodstream levels seem to be associated with an increase on the load of periodontopathogens on oral cavity. Moreover, DM may increase the likelihood of halitosis. Prevalence of impaired taste perception and impaired smell recognition tend to be greater in DM patients. An important interplay among oral cavity microbiome, DM, obesity and hypertension has been proposed as the reduction of nitrate into nitrite, in addition to contribute to lowering of blood pressure, reduces oxidative stress and increases insulin secretion, being these effects desirable for the control of obesity and DM. Women with PCOS tend to present a distinct oral microbial composition and an elevated systemic response to selective members of this microbial community, but the association between oral microbiome, PCOS are DM is still unknown. The results of the studies presented in this review suggest the interplay among the oral microbiome, oral cavity conditions, host immune response and DM and some of the DM associated risk factors exist. DM individuals need to be encouraged and motivated for an adequate oral health care. In addition, these results show the importance of adopting multidisciplinary management of DM and of strengthening physicians-dentists relationship focusing on both systemic and on oral cavity conditions of DM patients.

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