Survey of defecation habits in apparently healthy and chronic kidney disease cats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2110126
Author(s):  
Sarah E Jones ◽  
Jessica M Quimby ◽  
Stacie C Summers ◽  
Sierra M Adams ◽  
Sarah MA Caney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Important Variation ◽  
Initial Questionnaire ◽  
Bowel Movements ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Objectives Changes in bowel movements (BMs) are an important clinical sign in many diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD), and the purpose of this study was to collect information on BMs and fecal scores in both apparently healthy and CKD cats. A secondary aim was to assess owner awareness of BM frequency. Methods Owners were asked to complete an initial online questionnaire about their cat’s health and litter box habits (including predicted BM frequency and fecal scores) and were then asked to clean the box daily for 7 days and report results (observed frequency of BMs and fecal scores) daily. Differences in BM frequency and fecal scores between apparently normal and CKD cats were compared using the Mann–Whitney test, and predicted vs observed data were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Difference in percentage of cats defecating more or less than once daily were assessed with Fisher’s exact test. Results Survey data from 124 owners of apparently healthy cats and 43 owners of CKD cats who submitted two or more days of daily observations (in addition to the initial questionnaire) were analyzed. Eighty-five percent of apparently healthy cats were observed to defecate one or more times per day and 15% defecated less than once per day. Fifty-eight percent of CKD cats defecated one or more times per day and 42% defecated less than once per day. A significantly higher percentage of CKD cats defecated less than once per day in comparison with apparently healthy cats ( P <0.0001). Observed BM frequency was significantly less in CKD cats compared with healthy cats ( P = 0.02). Observed fecal scores were not significantly different between healthy and CKD cats. Conclusions and relevance The observed BM frequency of cats with CKD was less than apparently healthy cats and represents a clinically important variation from normal.

Comparison of Blood Gas Analysis on Hemodialysis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Nenden Senina Rindaha ◽  
Sulina Yanti Wibawa ◽  
Yuyun Widaningsih ◽  
Rachmawati A. Muhiddin
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Metabolic Conditions ◽  
Sigmoid Curve ◽  
Signed Rank Test

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is defined as a renal failure that has lasted for more than three months. Hemodialysis is thetype of kidney replacement therapy that is mostly used, and blood gas analysis can be used to identify this condition. Thisstudy is to compare the blood gas analysis on pre-and post-dialysis in patients with CKD using pH, PaCO , PaO , HCO , SO , 2 2 3 2and BE as markers of improvement in the patients'condition. The population was all patients diagnosed with CKD andhemodialysis at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, and eligible according to the criteria in this study. The sample size wasdetermined using Federer's calculation, and the statistical analysis using paired T-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test withα=0.05. Subjects were 34 patients, consisting of 18 females (52.9%) and 16 males (47.1%). Hemodialysis had the mostsignificant impact on the PaO and SaO variables. Relation between PaO and SaO was illustrated in a sigmoid curve. 2 2 2 2Oxygen-bound hemoglobin increased after the first molecule was bound. An almost full PaO pressure will cause a slight 2increase in SaO . Whereas at <90% saturation, a slight decrease in PaO will cause a large decrease in SaO . PaO and SaO 2 2 2 2 2determine cardiac efficiency and the markers for assessing the metabolic conditions of the lungs and heart that correlatewith oxygen. Chronic kidney disease patients experienced improved conditions after undergoing hemodialysis withincreased blood gas values, especially in PaO and SaO .

scholarly journals Renal dysfunction indicative of outcomes in hospitalized patients with takotsubo syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 723-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaoru Ando ◽  
Hiroyasu Sukekawa ◽  
Aoi Takahata ◽  
Yusuke Kobari ◽  
Hayato Tsuchiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Takotsubo Syndrome ◽  
Pump Failure

Background: Left ventricular dysfunction as part of takotsubo syndrome is reversible, and the long-term prognosis appears favorable. However, life-threatening complications are not uncommon during the acute phase, and it remains unclear whether renal dysfunction is a factor in complications suffered by hospitalized patients with takotsubo syndrome. The present study was conducted to investigate the implications of renal dysfunction in this setting. Methods: Data from 61 consecutive patients (male, 21; female, 40) diagnosed with takotsubo syndrome at our hospital between years 2010 and 2016 were evaluated retrospectively. In-hospital complications by definition were all-cause deaths and severe pump failure (Killip class ≥III). Results: Overall, 30 patients (49%) developed renal dysfunction. In the 32 patients (52%) who suffered in-hospital complications (mortality, 10; severe pump failure, 22), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was significantly lower by comparison (51.3±29.8 vs. 69.5±29.0; p=0.019). Low eGFR (<30 ml/min per 1.73m2) proved independently predictive of in-hospital complications (hazard ratio =2.84, 95% confidence interval: 1.20–6.69) in multivariate Cox hazard analysis, also showing a significant association with peak event rate of Kaplan–Meier curve (log-rank test, p=0.0073). Similarly, patients with chronic kidney disease were at significantly greater risk of in-hospital complications (hazard ratio=2.49, 95% confidence interval: 1.01–5.98), relative to non-compromised counterparts (eGFR >60 ml/min per 1.73m2). Conclusion: Renal dysfunction is a simple but useful means of predicting complications in hospitalized patients with takotsubo syndrome, especially those with chronic kidney disease.

scholarly journals Radiographic and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Root Canal Treatment Using Different Irrigation Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidinéia Feitoza de Jesus ◽  
Nestor Cohenca ◽  
Priscilla Coutinho Romualdo ◽  
Paulo Nelson-Filho ◽  
Alexandra Mussolino de Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Apical Periodontitis ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiographic periapical repair and the synthesis of inflammatory mediators after endodontic treatment in a single session, using different irrigation protocols, in teeth with apical periodontitis. Experimental apical periodontitis were induced in dog’s teeth randomly assigned into 4 groups: G1 - Irrigation by Negative Apical Pressure (n= 20); G2 - Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (n= 20), G3 - Positive Pressure Irrigation (n= 20); G4 - apical periodontitis without treatment (n= 20). After 180 days, the animals were euthanized, the tissues removed and submitted to histotechnical processing for immunohistochemical analysis of osteopontin (OPN), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and interleukin 1-a (IL-1a). Radiographic analysis was performed using the Periapical Index (PAI), obtained prior to and 180 days following endodontic treatment. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Fisher’s Exact test or Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn’s post-test (a = 5%). Radiographically, after endodontic treatment, apical periodontitis persisted in 35% of G1 specimens, 40% of G2 and 40% of G3 (p>0.05), although a PAI reduction was observed (p<0.05). By immunohistochemical evaluation, endodontic treatment resulted in lower synthesis of TNF-a and OPN in periapical region, compared to apical periodontitis without treatment (p<0.05). Production of IL-1 was not modulated by endodontic treatment (p>0.05). Periapical healing was observed in approximately 60% of the cases after endodontic treatment performed in a single session with lower synthesis of TNF-a and OPN in the periapical region, regardless of the irrigation protocol used.

Electrophoretic patterns of proteinuria in feline spontaneous chronic kidney disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-121
Author(s):  
Marco Giraldi ◽  
Saverio Paltrinieri ◽  
Paola Scarpa
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Tubular Proteinuria ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns

Objectives The purpose of this study was to describe the electrophoretic patterns of proteinuria in cats at risk of and cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and to investigate whether the presence of high-molecular-weight (HMW) and low-molecular-weight (LMW) proteins were associated with CKD, proteinuria and/or disease progression. Methods Healthy cats at risk of developing renal disease (n = 17) and cats affected with CKD at different stages (n = 22) were prospectively enrolled and sampled over time. Seventy urine samples were included and assayed with a commercially available sodium dodecyl sulfate–agarose gel electrophoresis (SDS-AGE) method. Each sample (gel lane) was inspected to identify albumin, HMW and LMW proteins, and an electrophoretic pattern (albuminuria, glomerular, tubular, mixed or negative) was assigned accordingly. Fisher’s exact test was used to assess the distribution of HMW and LMW proteins in cats grouped according to International Renal Interest Society stage and to the magnitude of proteinuria, and to assess if HMW and LMW proteins at the time of inclusion were associated with the development and progression of CKD. Results In samples of cats at risk, the most common pattern was glomerular (84.6%); glomerular pattern was also common in cats with CKD (54.2%), although mixed proteinuria and tubular proteinuria were also present (29.5% and 11.4%, respectively). The presence of LMW proteins was associated with CKD ( P <0.0001) and to a urine protein:creatinine ratio >0.2 ( P = 0.025). Both HMW and LMW proteins were not associated with progression of CKD within 6 months (n = 14). Conclusions and relevance Our results showed that HMW proteinuria is common in healthy cats at risk of developing CKD, although the pathological significance needs to be confirmed. The detection of LMW proteins in urine of cats suspected to be affected by CKD, especially in non-azotaemic, non-proteinuric or borderline proteinuric cats, suggests the presence of kidney damage.

scholarly journals Silent brain infarcts in chronic kidney disease patients with nonspecific neurological symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-279
Author(s):  
P Sasanka ◽  
◽  
Dr. T. Jaya Chandra ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Brain Infarcts ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Silent brain infarcts (SBI) are parenchymal lesions of previous infarcts, classified astype III cerebrovascular disorder. A study was undertaken to find the relation between SBIs andnonspecific neurological complaints, an association of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)with silent brain infarcts. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in the departmentof Nephrology, GSL Medical College, from January to December 2020. Individuals aged > 18 yearswith nonspecific neurological complaints were included. MRI brain, hsCRP and electrocardiogramwere also carried as per the standard protocol. Fischer exact test was used to find the statisticalsignificance; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 51 members haveincluded the male-female ratio was 1.04. SBI was presented in 27.4% (14). Age-wise, among thecortical SBI patients, maximum (75%) were in the> 61 years group. High density lipoprotein levelswere > 40 mg/dL in 39.2%, normal triglycerides (TGL) were observed in 71% and raised hsCRP in62.7% (32). Statistically, there was no significant difference in TGL levels. hsCRP levels were raisedin 3 (75%) members with cortical SBI; statistically, there was no significant difference. Conclusion:The traditional risk factors associated with stroke were present in the patients with SBI. hsCRP wasraised in chronic kidney disease patients having NSCL and having SBI.

scholarly journals FAKTOR- FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PENURUNAN NAFSU MAKAN PADA PASIEN GAGAL GINJAL KRONIK YANG MENJALANI TERAPI HEMODIALISIS (Studi Kasus di RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Umi Faza ◽  
Dyah Umiyarni Purnamasari ◽  
Saryono Yono
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Abstract  The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with diminished appetite in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy. This study is an observational analytic research with cross sectional design. Population of this study was CKD outpatients undergoing hemodialysis therapy in July- August 2016 in Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Hospitals. Amount of 58 subjects taken by consecutive sampling. Appetite, sex, age, length of hemodialysis, frequency of nausea/vomiting, and depression were measured using questionnaire. Subjects who diminished appetite were 58,6%. More than half subjects were male (56,9%). Amount of 84,5% subjects were adults (19-59 years), 63,8% undergoing hemodialysis >1year, 39,7% experienced nausea/ vomiting and 53,4% were depression. Based on Chi-Square Test/ Fisher Exact Test, diminished appetite significantly associated with length of hemodialysis (p=0,041), frequency of nausea/vomiting (p=0,014), and depression (p=0,002). Dominant factors affected diminished appetite were depression and length of hemodialysis. Diminished appetite in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy associated with length of hemodialysis, frequency of nausea/vomit, and depression. Keyword : appetite, chronic kidney disease, hemodialysi  Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor- faktor yang berhubungan dengan penurunan nafsu makan pada pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik (GGK) yang menjalani terapi hemodialisis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah pasien GGK rawat jalan yang menjalani terapi hemodialisis pada bulan Juli- Agustus 2016 di RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto. Sebanyak 58 subjek diambil dengan cara consecutive sampling. Nafsu makan, jenis kelamin, usia, lama hemodialisis, frekuensi mual/muntah, dan depresi diukur menggunakan kuesioner. Responden yang mengalami penurunan nafsu makan sebanyak 58,6%. Lebih dari separuh responden (56,9%) berjenis kelamin laki- laki dan 84,5% responden berusia dewasa (19-59 tahun). Sebanyak 63,8% responden menjalani hemodialisis >1tahun. Responden yang mengalami mual/muntah berat sebanyak 39,7% dan 53,4% mengalami depresi. Berdasarkan analisis bivariat menggunakan Uji Chi- Square/ Fisher Exact diperoleh hasil bahwa nafsu makan berhubungan secara signifikan dengan lama hemodialisis (p=0,041), frekuensi mual/ muntah (p=0,014), dan depresi (p=0,002). Faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi penurunan nafsu makan adalah depresi dan lama hemodialisis. Penurunan nafsu makan pada pasien GGK yang menjalani terapi hemodialisis berhubungan dengan lama hemodialisis, frekuensi mual/muntah, dan depresi. Kata kunci : gagal ginjal, hemodialisa, nafsu makan  

scholarly journals Comparison of Outcomes among Chronic Kidney Disease V Patients with COVID-19 at the National Kidney and Transplant Institute: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Maria Fe Bautista ◽  
Romina Danguilan ◽  
Mel-Hatra Arakama ◽  
Roxan Perez
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Dialysis Initiation ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Mortality Probability ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization

Background. There is very little published data on outcomes of COVID-19 among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. We compared the outcomes of COVID-19 in a tertiary care renal hospital among CKD V patients on hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD), and dialysis initiation, in terms of duration of hospitalization, in-patient mortality, and 30-day mortality. Methods. A total of 436 CKD V patients, on either HD, PD, or dialysis initiation, with COVID-19 who were admitted at the National Kidney and Transplant Institute (NKTI) from March 13, 2020, to August 31, 2020, were included. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed. Comparison of probability of mortality by group was performed using Log-Rank test. p values ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. Among 436 CKD V patients, 298 (68%) were on HD, 103 (24%) were on PD, and 35 (8%) required dialysis initiation. Overall in-hospital mortality was 34%; 38% were on HD, 20% on PD, and 37% on dialysis initiation. Total 30-day mortality was 27%; 32% were on HD, 26% on PD, and 16% on dialysis initiation. Median follow-up was 24 days. Among the 137 deaths recorded, total median time to death was 10 days; 8.5 days, 15.5 days, and 9 days for HD, PD, and dialysis initiation groups, respectively. Probability of mortality was significantly higher in HD patients versus PD patients ( p < 0.00001 ) and in the dialysis initiation group compared to PD patients ( p = 0.0234 ). Mortality probability, however, was not significantly different in HD patients versus the dialysis initiation group ( p = 0.63 ). Conclusion. Among CKD V patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at the NKTI, those on HD and on dialysis initiation had significantly higher in-hospital and 30-day mortality, compared to patients on PD.

scholarly journals Description of an Ultrasound-Guided Transverse Approach to the Transversus Thoracis Plane Block and Evaluation of Injectate Spread in Canine Cadavers

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2657
Author(s):  
Manuel Alaman ◽  
Adrián González-Marrón ◽  
Cristina Lorente ◽  
Cristina Bonastre ◽  
Alicia Laborda
Keyword(s):  
Median Sternotomy ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Number Range ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Intercostal Nerves

Transversus thoracis plane (TTP) block has demonstrated to produce analgesia in humans undergoing median sternotomy. The objectives of the study were to describe an ultrasound-guided transverse approach to the transversus thoracis plane (t-TTP) and to evaluate the spread of two injectable volumes in canine cadavers. Two cadavers were used to describe relevant gross anatomy of the ventral thoracic area and sonoanatomy between the fifth and sixth costal cartilages. Then, eight cadavers were used to describe the ultrasound-guided injection into the TTP and were dissected to evaluate the injectate spread and the intercostal nerves staining with two different dye-lidocaine volumes: low volume (LV) 0.5 mL kg−1 and high volume (HV) 1 mL kg−1. To compare the spread between both volumes the Fisher’s exact test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used. The solution spread along the TTP after all injections, staining a median number (range) of 3 (2–4) and 4 (3–5) nerves with LV and HV, respectively (p = 0.014). The injection of HV versus LV increases the number of stained nerves. Ultrasound-guided t-TTP is a feasible technique that provides staining of several intercostal nerves with a single injection site, so it could be useful to provide analgesia to the ventral chest wall.

scholarly journals Circulating Lactonase Activity but Not Protein Level of PON-1 Predicts Adverse Outcomes in Subjects with Chronic Kidney Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrysan J. Mohammed ◽  
Yanmei Xie ◽  
Pamela S. Brewster ◽  
Subhanwita Ghosh ◽  
Prabhatchandra Dube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Oxidant Stress ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The burden of cardiovascular disease and death in chronic kidney disease (CKD) outpaces that of the other diseases and is not adequately described by traditional risk factors alone. Diminished activity of paraoxonase (PON)-1 is associated with increased oxidant stress, a common feature underlying the pathogenesis of CKD. We aimed to assess the prognostic value of circulating PON-1 protein and PON lactonase activity on adverse clinical outcomes across various stages and etiologies of CKD. Circulating PON-1 protein levels and PON lactonase activity were measured simultaneously in patients with CKD as well as a cohort of apparently healthy non-CKD subjects. Both circulating PON-1 protein levels and PON lactonase activity were significantly lower in CKD patients compared to the non-CKD subjects. Similarly, across all stages of CKD, circulating PON-1 protein and PON lactonase activity were significantly lower in patients with CKD compared to the non-CKD controls. Circulating PON lactonase activity, but not protein levels, predicted future adverse clinical outcomes, even after adjustment for traditional risk factors. The combination of lower circulating protein levels and higher activity within the CKD subjects were associated with the best survival outcomes. These findings demonstrate that diminished circulating PON lactonase activity, but not protein levels, predicts higher risk of future adverse clinical outcomes in patients with CKD.

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