scholarly journals A potential association between immunosenescence and high COVID-19 related mortality among elderly patients with cardiovascular diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
Shu-Chao Pang ◽  
Ying Yang
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Immune Imbalance

AbstractElderly patients with cardiovascular diseases account for a large proportion of Corona virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)related deaths. COVID-19, as a new coronavirus, mainly targets the patient’s lung triggering a cascade of innate and adaptive immune responses in the host. The principal causes of death among COVID-19 patients, especially elderly subjects with cardiovascular diseases, are acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and microvascular thrombosis. All prompted by an excessive uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response. Immunosenescence, characterized by systemic and chronic inflammation as well as innate/adaptive immune imbalance, presents both in the elderly and cardiovascular patients. COVID-19 infection further aggravates the existing inflammatory process and lymphocyte depletion leading to uncontrollable systemic inflammatory responses, which is the primary cause of death. Based on the higher mortality, this study attempts to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of COVID-19 in elderly subjects with cardiovascular diseases as well as the cause of the high mortality result from COVID-19.

scholarly journals Fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares em idosos

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 4895
Author(s):  
Jerry Deyvid Freires Ferreira ◽  
Rafaella Pessoa Moreira ◽  
Tibelle Freitas Maurício ◽  
Paula Alves de Lima ◽  
Tahissa Frota Cavalcante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Patient Identification ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factores De Riesgo

RESUMOObjetivos: avaliar as condições de saúde cardiovascular e identificar os fatores de risco modificáveis para doenças cardiovasculares em idosos. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo com 246 idosos. Aplicou-se um formulário com questões abertas, referentes à identificação do paciente, relacionando dados sociodemográficos, fatores de risco e informações sobre as condições de saúde. Para análise dos dados, realizou-se o teste Qui-Quadrado de Pearson. Resultados: 75,7% dos participantes eram mulheres, 94,3% aposentados. O uso de bebidas alcoólicas, fumo ativo e passivo foram referidos, respectivamente, por 8,9%, 11,8% e 18,3% dos entrevistados. A pressão arterial esteve alterada em 58,6% dos idosos na primeira avaliação, 81,8% na segunda e 74,3% na terceira. Conclusão: foi possível traçar o perfil da saúde cardiovascular e dos fatores de risco modificáveis para as doenças cardiovasculares na população idosa, que subsidiarão de base para intervenções voltadas à promoção da saúde e prevenção dos agravos. Descritores: Enfermagem; Idosos; Doenças Cardiovasculares.ABSTRACTObjectives: to evaluate cardiovascular conditions and to identify modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in the elderly. Method: descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study with 246 elderly subjects. A questionnaire with open questions regarding patient identification was applied, relating sociodemographic data, risk factors and information on health conditions. For data analysis, the Pearson Chi-Square test was performed. Results: 75.7% of the participants were women, 94.3% were retired. Alcohol consumption, active and passive smoking were reported, respectively, by 8.9%, 11.8% and 18.3% of respondents. Changes in blood pressure were identified in 58.6% of the elderly in the first evaluation, 81.8% in the second and 74.3% in the third evaluation. Conclusion: it was possible to outline the profile of cardiovascular health status and of modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in the elderly population, which will support interventions aimed at health promotion and disease prevention. Descriptors: Nursing; Elderly; Cardiovascular Diseases.RESUMENObjetivos: evaluar las condiciones de salud cardiovascular e identificar los factores de riesgo modificables para enfermedades cardiovasculares en ancianos. Método: estudio cuantitativo, transversal y descriptivo con 246 ancianos. Se aplicó un formulario con preguntas abiertas, referentes a la identificación del paciente, relacionando datos sociodemográficos, factores de riesgo e informaciones sobre las condiciones de salud. Para análisis de los datos, se realizo el test Chi-Cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados: 75,7% de los participantes eran mujeres, 94,3% jubialdos. El uso de bebidas alcohólicas, fumador activo y pasivo fueron referidos, respectivamente, por 8,9%, 11,8% y 18,3% de los entrevistados. La presión arterial estuvo alterada en 58,6% de los ancianos en la primera evaluación, 81,8% en la segunda y 74,3% en la tercera. Conclusión: fue posible trazar el perfil de la salud cardiovascular y de los factores de riesgo modificables para las enfermedades cardiovasculares en la población anciana, que subsidiarán de base para intervenciones dirigidas ala promoción de la salud y prevención de los problemas. Descriptores: Enfermería; Los Ancianos; Enfermedades Cardiovasculares.

Coronary artery disease in the elderly

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Glen ◽  
NA Boon
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Morbid Conditions

Coronary artery disease is extremely common among elderly people and accounts for half of all deaths in those who are more than 65 years old. Although the condition is essentially the same as that encountered in younger patients, the management of coronary artery disease in elderly subjects can be difficult because the anticipated benefits and risks of the various treatment options are often altered by the presence of co-morbid conditions. Moreover, the results of the major outcome studies that underpin most treatment guidelines may not be relevant to the needs of many elderly patients for several reasons.

scholarly journals Energy Requirement Equations in Elderly Patients: A Systematic Review (P01-002-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Gregori ◽  
Honoria Ocagli ◽  
Corrado Lanera ◽  
Giulia Lorenzoni
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Web Application ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Predictive Equation ◽  
Healthy Elderly

Abstract Objectives Elderly patients are at risk of malnutrition and need an appropriate assessment of energy requirements. In the clinical setting, predictive equations are widely used to estimate the Resting Energy Expenditure (REE). Although easy to use, these equations are not always validated for the elderly and, even if validated, they often provide different outputs of energy requirements for the same subject. This study aimed at doing a systematic review of the equations for the estimation of REE in the elderly with the final aim of developing a web-based application helping clinicians in finding out the most appropriate equation for estimating the REE for each subject. Methods The systematic review was carried out using PubMed and Scopus following PRISMA guidelines. Studies in subjects older than 65 years of age, testing the performance of a predictive equation for the estimation of REE vs. a gold standard (indirect calorimetry or doubly labeled water) were included in the review. Studies performed in critically ill elderly patients were excluded. Results The initial search identified 2035 studies. The final review included 50 studies. Included studies were mainly observational, conducted in healthy elderly subjects enrolled in the outpatient setting, and using indirect calorimetry as gold standard. The 50 studies included in the review corresponded to 189 different equations. Several parameters were included in the equations and they can be divided as following: anthropometric characteristics, body composition parameters, environmental measures, laboratory tests, presence of comorbidities, and physical activity frequency. Conclusions The assessment of the energy requirements in the elderly is crucial for the management of nutritional problems in this population group since nutritional problems are related to worse health outcomes. The present study showed a wide use of different type of equations for the estimation of REE in the elderly highlighting the need of choosing the most appropriate predictive equation according to the subject characteristics and health status. The web application that is currently under development will help clinicians in doing that. Funding Sources Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.

Urological Surgery in Elderly Patients: Results and Considerations - Part II

1992 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pizzarella ◽  
G. Ferro ◽  
F. Invidiato ◽  
P. Ligato ◽  
M. Fiorello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Span ◽  
Urological Surgery ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Age Limits ◽  
Surgery In Elderly

It is certainly true that increase of the average life span has caused a greater percentage of elderly people to visit urological departments. From April 1989 to December 1991, patients over 75 years under our observation were 10.8% of all operated patients. Only 5% of patients over 75 who needed to be operated, weren't actually operated. The numerical analysis of our experience has highlighted the fact that in patients who underwent an operation, the incidence and mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases weren't any higher than those found in other people of the same age. We are also convinced that prejudices about age limits should not prevent the elderly afflicted with a benign or malignant urological pathology from undergoing an operation.

scholarly journals Differential Association of Viral Dynamics With Disease Severity Depending on Patients’ Age Group in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Kim ◽  
Shinhyea Cheon ◽  
Hyeongseok Jeong ◽  
Uni Park ◽  
Na-Young Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Younger Patients

Despite a clear association of patient’s age with COVID-19 severity, there has been conflicting data on the association of viral load with disease severity. Here, we investigated the association of viral load dynamics with patient’s age and severity of COVID-19 using a set of respiratory specimens longitudinally collected (mean: 4.8 times/patient) from 64 patients with broad distribution of clinical severity and age during acute phase. Higher viral burden was positively associated with inflammatory responses, as assessed by IL-6, C-reactive protein, and lactate dehydrogenase levels in patients’ plasma collected on the same day, primarily in the younger cohort (≤59 years old) and in mild cases of all ages, whereas these were barely detectable in elderly patients (≥60 years old) with critical disease. In addition, viral load dynamics in elderly patients were not significantly different between mild and critical cases, even though more enhanced inflammation was consistently observed in the elderly group when compared to the younger group during the acute phase of infection. The positive correlation of viral load with disease severity in younger patients may explain the increased therapeutic responsiveness to current antiviral drugs and neutralizing antibody therapies in younger patients compared to elderly patients. More careful intervention against aging-associated inflammation might be required to mitigate severe disease progression and reduce fatality in COVID-19 patients more than 60 years old.

scholarly journals Aging as a Risk Factor on the Immunoexpression of Pro-Inflammatory IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α Cytokines in Chronic Apical Periodontitis Lesions

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Quésia Euclides Teixeira ◽  
Dennis de Carvalho Ferreira ◽  
Alexandre Marques Paes da Silva ◽  
Lucio Souza Gonçalves ◽  
Fabio Ramoa Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Apical Periodontitis ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Persistent inflammatory responses in the elderly may act as modifiers on the progression and repair of chronic apical periodontitis lesions (CAPLs). While the involvement of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in inflammatory responses and, particularly, in CAPL has been documented, their expression in elderly patients needs to be further characterized. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in CAPL from elderly individuals with young/middle-aged individuals. Thirty CAPL (15 cysts and 15 granulomas) from elderly patients (>60 years) and 30 CAPL (15 cysts and 15 granuloma) from young/middle-aged individuals (20–56 years) were selected. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed against IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. The slides were subdivided into five high-magnification fields and analyzed. The number of positive stains was evaluated for each antibody. There was no significant difference between the cytokines when the cysts and granuloma were compared in the two groups. In the young/middle-aged, only IL-1β showed a difference and was significantly higher in granulomas (p = 0.019). CAPL pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the elderly were significantly higher than in young/middle-aged individuals (p < 0.05). The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly higher in CAPL in the elderly compared with the young/middle-aged group. Further elaborate research studies/analyses to elucidate the reasons for and consequences of inflammation in the elderly are recommended.

Medication-Use Behavior of Elderly Patients in Baghdad City: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
Massara Salah Abbas ◽  
Marwa Jamal ◽  
Mustafa Mohammed Sabri ◽  
Zainab Abdulrahman ◽  
Saad Abdulrahman Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Product Information ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Survey Form

Background: As our society ages, the incidence of chronic diseases increases, and so does drug use and polypharmacy. Aim: To evaluate the medication use behaviors of selected elderly patients who lived in Baghdad city. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 225 subjects aged >60 years who lived in Baghdad city and consumed chronically prescribed medications. Data were collected using a survey form, and the survey was conducted through face-to-face interviews. The data are presented as numbers, percentages, and averages. Results: The majority were treated through polypharmacy, using various drugs. The most commonly used drugs included those used to treat cardiovascular diseases, DM, and dyslipidemia. 74.6% did not know about the side effects of the drugs they used, and 55.6% did not read the product information leaflet (PIL) of the drugs. Also, 70.7% said that the health care personnel did not educate them about their drugs. Of the elderly who were informed about their drugs, 128 obtained the information from the physician and 91 from the pharmacist. Conclusion: The majority of the elderly subjects used more than one drug, and the main drug class used was the cardiovascular agents. they are unaware of the side effects of the prescribed agents.

Evaluation of Prl secretion in elderly subjects

1982 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ermanno Rolandi ◽  
Gianni Magnani ◽  
Antonello Sannia ◽  
Tommaso Barreca
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Normal Sleep ◽  
Secretory Pattern

Abstract. Prl secretion was evaluated in 76 elderly patients (71–86 years) without endocrine disorders (38 men and 38 women) in basal conditions, after TRH, sulpiride and levodopa administration and during a 24 h period. An impaired Prl response to the administered drugs was found in the elderly women but not in the men. On the contrary, normal sleep-related serum Prl changes were found in the majority of the subjects studied. These results suggest that the pituitary gland can maintain a good Prl secretory pattern in the elderly.

scholarly journals Rousette Bat Dendritic Cells Overcome Marburg Virus-Mediated Antiviral Responses by Upregulation of Interferon-Related Genes While Downregulating Proinflammatory Disease Mediators

mSphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Prescott ◽  
Jonathan C. Guito ◽  
Jessica R. Spengler ◽  
Catherine E. Arnold ◽  
Amy J. Schuh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Marburg Virus ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACT Dysregulated and maladaptive immune responses are at the forefront of human diseases caused by infection with zoonotic viral hemorrhagic fever viruses. Elucidating mechanisms of how the natural animal reservoirs of these viruses coexist with these agents without overt disease, while permitting sufficient replication to allow for transmission and maintenance in a population, is important for understanding the viral ecology and spillover to humans. The Egyptian rousette bat (ERB) has been identified as a reservoir for Marburg virus (MARV), a filovirus and the etiological agent of the highly lethal Marburg virus disease. Little is known regarding how these bats immunologically respond to MARV infection. In humans, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are primary targets of infection, and their dysregulation is thought to play a central role in filovirus diseases, by disturbing their normal functions as innate sensors and adaptive immune response facilitators while serving as amplification and dissemination agents for the virus. The infection status and responses to MARV in bat myeloid-lineage cells are uncharacterized and likely represent an important modulator of the bat’s immune response to MARV infection. Here, we generate DCs from the bone marrow of rousette bats. Infection with a bat isolate of MARV resulted in a low level of transcription in these cells and significantly downregulated DC maturation and adaptive immune-stimulatory pathways while simultaneously upregulating interferon-related pathogen-sensing pathways. This study provides a first insight into how the bat immune response is directed toward preventing aberrant inflammatory responses while mounting an antiviral response to defend against MARV infection. IMPORTANCE Marburg viruses (MARVs) cause severe human disease resulting from aberrant immune responses. Dendritic cells (DCs) are primary targets of infection and are dysregulated by MARV. Dysregulation of DCs facilitates MARV replication and virus dissemination and influences downstream immune responses that result in immunopathology. Egyptian rousette bats (ERBs) are natural reservoirs of MARV, and infection results in virus replication and shedding, with asymptomatic control of the virus within weeks. The mechanisms that bats employ to appropriately respond to infection while avoiding disease are unknown. Because DC infection and modulation are important early events in human disease, we measured the transcriptional responses of ERB DCs to MARV. The significance of this work is in identifying cell type-specific coevolved responses between ERBs and MARV, which gives insight into how bat reservoirs are able to harbor MARV and permit viral replication, allowing transmission and maintenance in the population while simultaneously preventing immunopathogenesis.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Sarcopenia and Cardiovascular Diseases in the Elderly: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana He ◽  
Yuelin Zhang ◽  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Shun Zhang ◽  
Honghua Ye
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Strength Function ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

With the advent of population aging, aging-related diseases have become a challenge for governments worldwide. Sarcopenia has defined as a clinical syndrome associated with age-related loss such as skeletal muscle mass, strength, function, and physical performance. It is commonly seen in elderly patients with chronic diseases. Changes in lean mass are common critical determinants in the pathophysiology and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Sarcopenia may be one of the most important causes of poor physical function and decreased cardiopulmonary function in elderly patients with CVDs. Sarcopenia may induce CVDs through common pathogenic pathways such as malnutrition, physical inactivity, insulin resistance, inflammation; these mechanisms interact. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between sarcopenia and CVDs in the elderly. Further research is urgently needed to understand better the relationship, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, and mechanisms of sarcopenia and CVDs, which may shed light on potential interventions to improve clinical outcomes and provide greater insight into the disorders above.

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