The Association Between Dietary Patterns and Socio-Demographic and Lifestyle Characteristics: A Sample of Saudi Arabia

Dietary intake is an important risk factor that contributes to the development or prevention of many health conditions. The objective of the current study was to identify different dietary patterns and its relation to socio-demographic and life-style characteristics. A cross-sectional study of 299 Saudi adults, aged between 35-65 years without any significant health problems. Participants were interviewed individually and completed a pre-designed questionnaire with close-ended questions including socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics. Dietary intake was assessed using food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were obtained by a trained nurse in the clinic. Factor analysis technique was used to derive different food patterns. Five dietary patterns were identified, namely: sweet & starch, date & coffee, healthy, traditional, and protein patterns. Following sweet & starch pattern was significantly correlated to male gender, frequently visiting fast food restaurants and breakfast consumption behavior. Adherence to healthy pattern was associated with male gender, higher education with high income, older adults, breakfast consumption behavior and high levels of physical activity. Traditional pattern was correlated with married subjects and male gender, whereas compliance to date & coffee pattern was related to reduced number of meals and snacks. The protein pattern was significantly associated with younger age and breakfast consumption behavior. Dietary patterns were influenced by socio-demographic characteristic (age, gender, marital status, education level, income) and other lifestyle factors (breakfast consumption, number of meals, physical activity). A national cohort study is needed to assess the association between dietary patterns with the risk of cardiometabolic dysregulation.

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Dietary patterns in relation to inflammation in shift workers

Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps ◽

10.1136/jramc-2018-001119 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. jramc-2018-001119

Author(s):

Reihane Khorasaniha ◽

F Siassi ◽

F Khajehnasiri ◽

M Qorbani ◽

G Sotoudeh

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Fast Food ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Shift Workers ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Hs Crp

IntroductionRotational shift work has a considerable effect on immune function and cause inflammation. In addition, it may lead to unhealthy dietary intake. No earlier study has examined the association between dietary patterns and inflammation in rotational shift workers. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the association between dietary patterns and circulating proinflammatory cytokines among shift workers.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among 257 male shift workers. Dietary intake of participants was examined using the semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured using suitable commercial kits.ResultsThree main dietary patterns included green vegetables, yellow vegetables and cruciferous vegetables (VEG), liquid oils and mayonnaise, fast food and eggs (LFE), as well as tea and coffee, refined grains and spice (TRS). Subjects with the highest adherence to VEG dietary pattern had a significantly lower concentration of IL-6 (p<0.01) and TNF-α (p<0.001) as compared with those with the lowest adherence. On the other hand, a significant negative association was found between LFE dietary pattern and serum concentrations of IL-6 (p=0.01) and TNF-α (p=0.02). However, no significant association was found between adherence to VEG (p=0.34) or LFE (p=0.99) dietary patterns and levels of hs-CRP and between adherence to TRS dietary pattern and any of the inflammatory cytokines.ConclusionAdherence to VEG and LFE dietary patterns was inversely and directly associated to serum IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations in shift workers, respectively. However, no significant association was found between adherence to these two dietary patterns and serum hs-CRP concentrations and between TRS dietary pattern and any of the inflammatory cytokines.

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Hubungan antara Kebiasaan Melewatkan Sarapan, Konsumsi Sayur Buah dan Fast Food, Aktivitas Fisik, Aktivitas Sedentary dengan Kejadian Gizi Lebih

JURNAL ILMIAH KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT : Media Komunikasi Komunitas Kesehatan Masyarakat ◽

10.52022/jikm.v13i2.205 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 56-63

Author(s):

Noerfitri Noerfitri ◽

Tivanny Winoto Putri ◽

Rizki Ugi Febriati

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Fast Food ◽

P Value ◽

Sedentary Activity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Breakfast Consumption ◽

Regression Test ◽

Simple Logistic ◽

Skipping Breakfast ◽

Logistic Regression Test

Abstrak Latar belakang: Peningkatan kejadian gizi lebih remaja karena penurunan aktivitas fisik dan peningkatan konsumsi makanan yang mengandung lemak dan karbohidrat tinggi di mana makanan tersebut memiliki nilai gizi rendah. Indonesia termasuk 10 negara dengan prevalensi kelebihan gizi terbesar di dunia. Salah satu provinsi yang mengalami gizi lebih melebihi prevalensi gizi lebih adalah Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor- faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian gizi lebih remaja di Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan (STIKes) Mitra Keluarga Bekasi. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional, dengan variabel independen kebiasaan melewatkan sarapan, konsumsi sayur dan buah, konsumsi fast food, aktivitas fisik, dan aktivitas sedentary. Sedangkan variabel dependennya status gizi lebih dengan indikator IMT ≥ 23 kg/m2 . Populasi studi meliputi 450 mahasiswa STIKes Mitra Keluarga Bekasi berusia 17-20 tahun. Data dikumpulkan pada Juni-Juli 2020 dengan sampel sebanyak 215 responden yang dipilih secara consecutive sampling. Uji statistik yang digunakan regresi logistik sederhana. Hasil: Sebagian besar responden berjenis kelamin perempuan (95,3%), berusia 19 tahun (46,0%) dan program studi SI-Keperawatan (32,6%). Hasil uji regresi logistik mendapatkan p-value pada tiap variabel yaitu kebiasaan melewatkan sarapan (0,353), konsumsi sayur (0,721), konsumsi buah (0,853), konsumsi fast food (0,867), aktivitas fisik (0,828), aktivitas sedentary sedang (0,734), aktivitas sedentary berat (0,090). Kesimpulan: Kebiasaan melewatkan sarapan, konsumsi sayur buah, konsumsi fast food, aktivitas fisik serta aktivitas sedentary tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian gizi lebih pada mahasiswa STIKes Mitra Keluarga. Relationship Between the Habits of Skipped Breakfast, Consumption of Vegetables Fruits and Fast Food, Physical Activities, Sedentary Activities with Overnutrition Abstract Background: The increase in the incidence of overnutrition in adolescence due to decreased physical activity and increased consumption of foods with high in fat and high in carbohydrates, which these foods have low nutritional value. Indonesia is one of the 10 countries with the highest prevalence of overweight in the world. One of the provinces experiencing overnutrition above the prevalence of overnutrition in Indonesia is West Java. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the incidence of overnutrition in STIKes Mitra Keluarga Bekasi. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. The independent variable was habit of skipping breakfast, consumption of vegetables, fruits, consumption of fast food, physical activity, sedentary activity, while the dependent variable was over nutritional status with BMI indicators ≥ 23 kg / m2 . The study population was 450 STIKes Mitra Keluarga Bekasi students aged 17-20 years. Data collection was carried out in June-July 2020 with a sample of 215 respondents who were selected by consecutive sampling. To determine the relationship between the two variables studied, the data were analyzed using a Simple Logistic Regression test. Result: Most of the respondents were female (95.3%), 19 years old (46.0%), SI-Nursing study program (32.6%). Simple Logistic Regression test results obtain p-value for each variable is the habit of skipping breakfast (0.353), vegetables consumption (0.721), fruits consumption (0.853), fast food consumption (0.867), physical activity (0.828), moderate sedentary activity (0.734), and heavy sedentary activity (0.090). Conclusion: There is no relationship between the habit of skipping breakfast, consumption of vegetables, fruits, and fast food, physical activity and sedentary activity with overnutrition in STIKes Mitra Keluarga students.

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Pola Makan dan Aktivitas Fisik Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe II di RSUD Kota Salatiga

Jurnal Keperawatan Muhammadiyah ◽

10.30651/jkm.v6i2.7745 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Marlyn Olivia Paknianiwewan ◽

R.L.N.K Retno Triandhini ◽

Gelora Mangalik

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Fast Food ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Moderate Physical Activity ◽

City Hospital ◽

Type Ii ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Diabetes Mellitus Disease (DM) has become a public health problem in various countries including Indonesia. DM is a complex chronic disease characterized by increased glucose levels in the blood caused by impaired glucose metabolism resulting in abnormalities of insulin secretion or lack of insulin production even both. The triggering factor of type II DM disease is diet. Unhealthy diets such as following a western diet that is consuming fast food, fatty and high-calorie, by consuming foods or drinks containing sugar can also increase the risk of dm type II events. In addition to dietary patterns, physical activity is another factor that influences the incidence of type II DM. Sedentari behavior that has now become a modern public lifestyle increases the risk of dm type II. This study aims to identify the diet and physical activity of dm type II patients in Salatiga City Hospital. This type of research is descriptive quantitative with cross-sectional approach conducted in The Polyclinic of Salatiga City Hospital from September - November 2019 with the number of respondents as many as 100 people taken with purposive sampling techniques. The research instruments used were SQ – FFQ questionnaires for diet and GPAQ questionnaires for physical activity patterns. Conclusion: The dietary patterns of respondents with Type II DM in Salatiga City Hospital has not all consumed foods with a balanced nutrition pattern and physical activity in respondents doing more moderate physical activity. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, dietary patterns, physical activity pattern.

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Does COVID-19 change dietary habits and lifestyle behaviours in Kuwait: a community-based cross-sectional study

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12199-020-00901-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wafaa Husain ◽

Fatemah Ashkanani

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Fast Food ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Lifestyle Behaviours ◽

Late Night ◽

Main Meal

Abstract Background The coronavirus pandemic has transformed and continues to transform and affect the daily lives of communities worldwide, particularly due to the lockdown restrictions. Therefore, this study was designed to understand the changes in dietary and lifestyle behaviours that are major determinants of health during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online questionnaire using a convenience sample of 415 adults living in Kuwait (age range 18–73 years). Results The rate of skipping breakfast remained consistent, with a slight increase during the pandemic. Lunch remained the main reported meal before and during COVID-19. Compared to before COVID-19, people were much more likely have a late-night snack or meal during COVID-19 (OR = 3.57 (95% CI 1.79–7.26), p < 0.001). Moreover, there was a drastic decrease in the frequency of fast-food consumption during COVID-19, up to 82% reported not consuming fast food (p < 0.001). There was a significant increase in the percentage of participants who had their main meal freshly made (OR = 59.18 (95% CI 6.55–1400.76), p = 0.001). Regarding food group patterns, no significant differences were found before and during the pandemic in terms of the weekly frequency of consumption, except in the case of fish and seafood. There were no remarkable changes in beverage consumption habits among participants before and during the pandemic, except for Americano coffee and fresh juice. Furthermore, there was a great reduction in physical activity and an increase in the amount of screen time and sedentary behaviours. A notable increase was detected in day-time sleep and a decrease in night-time sleep among participants. Conclusion In general, this study indicates some changes in daily life, including changes in some eating practices, physical activity and sleeping habits during the pandemic. It is important that the government considers the need for nutrition education programmes and campaigns, particularly during this critical period of the pandemic in Kuwait.

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The Lifestyle of Saudi Medical Students

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18157869 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (15) ◽

pp. 7869

Author(s):

Khalid A. Bin Abdulrahman ◽

Ahmad M. Khalaf ◽

Fahad B. Bin Abbas ◽

Omran T. Alanezi

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Social Media ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Medical Students ◽

Fast Food ◽

Social Life ◽

Well Being ◽

Male Students ◽

Drinking Patterns ◽

Cross Sectional

This study was conducted to investigate medical students’ lifestyle habits, including sleep quality, eating and drinking patterns, physical activity, and social status. Method: This research project is part two of a multi-institutional cross-sectional observational study conducted among medical students from six medical colleges in Saudi Arabia between September and December 2019. Results: 675 medical students were enrolled electively into the lifestyle study. About half of this number were male students and the majority were aged 18–24 years. Most students (87.6%) slept between 4–8 h a day and over 44% were dissatisfied with their sleep. Only 28.1% had three meals a day; about 40% of them usually or always skipped breakfast. A total of 44% usually or always ate fast food and 44.7% drank 2 L of water per day. Moreover, male students were significantly consuming more fast food than females, p < 0.001. The majority (63.3%) revealed they usually or always drink black coffee daily. Females were significantly more inclined to regular coffee consumption than males, p < 0.001. Only 4.3% exercised for 30 min or more daily. The majority (65%) of the students were introverted; they had few close friends. Yet, 81% were somewhat satisfied or satisfied with their social life. Male students were significantly more satisfied with their social life than females, p = 0.001. Only 4.6% smoked cigarettes daily whereas 7.1% smoked e-cigarettes daily. In contrast, only 0.3% used shisha (hookah) daily. Male medical students were substantially more inclined to e-cigarette use than females (p < 0.001). The top five leisure activities of a medical student were surfing social media (75.9%), watching movies (61.3%), hanging out with friends (58.1%), spending time with their family (55.4%), and browsing the Internet (53.6%). Female medical students were significantly more inclined to surf social media than male medical students, p = 0.022; also, watching movies was preferred for females compared to males, p = 0.006. Conclusion: This study revealed that the majority of these medical students in Saudi Arabia exhibited healthy lifestyles to some extent, and these health-promoting behaviors differed based on sex, especially concerning physical activity and eating patterns. The findings of this study provide relevant information for future actions that will be geared towards effectively decreasing the occurrence of chronic illnesses and improving future doctors’ well-being.

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A cross-cultural comparison of dietary intakes and physical activity between American and Czech school-aged children

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980008003546 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 986-990 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lenka Humenikova Shriver ◽

Gail Gates

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Czech Republic ◽

Public Schools ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Fast Food ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

The Usa ◽

American Children

AbstractObjectiveThe prevalence of child overweight in the Czech Republic is substantially lower than that in the USA. The objective of the present pilot study was to explore dietary intakes, frequency of dining in fast-food establishments, and the amount and intensity of physical activity between a sample of American and Czech children.DesignA cross-sectional correlational pilot study.SettingFour public schools in the USA and four public schools in the Czech Republic.SubjectsNinety-five Czech and forty-four American 4–6th graders from urban public schools participated in the study. Dietary intake and number of fast-food visits were evaluated using two multiple-pass 24 h recalls. Physical activity was measured using the modified Self-Administered Physical Activity Checklist.ResultsAmerican children (mean age 10·8 (se 0·2) years) consumed more energy and fat, less fruits and vegetables, more soft drinks, and visited fast-food establishments more often than Czech children (mean age 11·0 (se 0·1) years). Although no differences were found in vigorous activity by nationality, Czech children spent significantly more time in moderate physical activities than American children.ConclusionsDespite the influx of some negative Western dietary trends into the country, Czech children had a healthier diet and were more physically active than American children. Further research is warranted to determine whether the same differences in dietary intakes, physical activity and fast-food visits exist between nationally representative samples of American and Czech children.

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Exploring absolute and relative measures of exposure to food environments in relation to dietary patterns among European adults

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980018003063 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (06) ◽

pp. 1037-1047 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

MGM Pinho ◽

JD Mackenbach ◽

J-M Oppert ◽

H Charreire ◽

H Bárdos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Fast Food ◽

Principal Component ◽

Healthy Food ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Spatial Access ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Food Retailers ◽

Healthy Dietary Pattern

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the associations of absolute and relative measures of exposure to food retailers with dietary patterns, using simpler and more complex measures.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingUrban regions in Belgium, France, Hungary, the Netherlands and the UK.ParticipantsEuropean adults (n 4942). Supermarkets and local food shops were classified as ‘food retailers providing healthier options’; fast-food/takeaway restaurants, cafés/bars and convenience/liquor stores as ‘food retailers providing less healthy options’. Simpler exposure measures used were density of healthy and density of less healthy food retailers. More complex exposure measures used were: spatial access (combination of density and proximity) to healthy and less healthy food retailers; density of healthier food retailers relative to all food retailers; and a ratio of spatial access scores to healthier and less healthy food retailers. Outcome measures were a healthy or less healthy dietary pattern derived from a principal component analysis (based on consumption of fruits, vegetables, fish, fast foods, sweets and sweetened beverages).ResultsOnly the highest density of less healthy food retailers was significantly associated with the less healthy dietary pattern (β = −129·6; 95 % CI −224·3, −34·8). None of the other absolute density measures nor any of the relative measures of exposures were associated with dietary patterns.ConclusionsMore complex measures of exposure to food retailers did not produce stronger associations with dietary patterns. We had some indication that absolute and relative measures of exposure assess different aspects of the food environment. However, given the lack of significant findings, this needs to be further explored.

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The Relationship between Body Composition, Dietary Intake, Physical Activity, and Pulmonary Status in Adolescents and Adults with Cystic Fibrosis

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu14020310 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 310

Author(s):

Kevin J. Scully ◽

Laura T. Jay ◽

Steven Freedman ◽

Gregory S. Sawicki ◽

Ahmet Uluer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Body Composition ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Body Fat ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adolescents And Adults

Measures of body fat and lean mass may better predict important clinical outcomes in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) than body mass index (BMI). Little is known about how diet quality and exercise may impact body composition in these patients. Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) body composition, 24-h dietary recall, and physical activity were assessed in a cross-sectional analysis of 38 adolescents and adults with CF and 19 age-, race-, and gender-matched healthy volunteers. Compared with the healthy volunteers, participants with CF had a lower appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), despite no observed difference in BMI, and their diets consisted of higher glycemic index foods with a greater proportion of calories from fat and a lower proportion of calories from protein. In participants with CF, pulmonary function positively correlated with measures of lean mass, particularly ALMI, and negatively correlated with multiple measures of body fat after controlling for age, gender, and BMI. Higher physical activity levels were associated with greater ALMI and lower body fat. In conclusion, body composition measures, particularly ALMI, may better predict key clinical outcomes in individuals with CF than BMI. Future longitudinal studies analyzing the effect of dietary intake and exercise on body composition and CF-specific clinical outcomes are needed.

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The Relationship of Physhical Activity, Sleep Duration, Breakfast and Fast Food Consumption Habits with The Prevalence of Overweight Among Elementary School Children

Nutri-Sains Jurnal Gizi Pangan dan Aplikasinya ◽

10.21580/ns.2018.2.2.2588 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Anggraeni Rizky Mayangsari ◽

Widayani Wahyuningtyas ◽

Ikha Deviyanti Puspita

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Fast Food ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Statistical Test ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fast Food Consumption ◽

Consumption Habits

<p>This study aims to determine the relation between physical activity, sleep duration, breakfast habits and fast food consumption habits at school-age chidren. This is a quantitative study using cross sectional design. The study was conducted in SDS Kartika VIII-5 Jakarta, as many as 102 fourth and fifth grade students were involved. The sampling technique used for this study was stratified sampling technique. The data collection instrument used questionnaire and interview. The data obtained were then analyzed by Chi-Square statistical test. The results showed that 63,7% of children were overweight. Bivariate result using Chi-Square statistical test showed that a significant relationship between physical activity (p = 0,003), sleep duration (p = 0,046), fast food habits (p = 0,035). There was a significant relation between physical activity, sleep duration, and fast food consumption habits with the prevalence of overweight.</p>

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