scholarly journals A COMPARISON OF AGGRESSION AND IMPULSIVITY BETWEEN SMOKERS AND NON-SMOKERS

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uzma Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Adult Students ◽  
T Test ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Significant Difference

The study aimed to investigate the role of aggression and impulsivity in smoking among male adult students. It was hypothesized that there would be significant difference between smokers and  non- smokers on the traits of aggression and impulsivity. The sample of two hundred male adult students was selected from different universities of Islamabad. Two subscales of Impulsiveness and Aggression  were administered to measure the personality traits of aggression and impulsivity. Descriptive statistics and  t-test was calculated for analysis of data. Results showed that there is significant differences in aggression and impulsivity between smokers and non-smokers. The result can be helpful for psychologist and other professionals to plan public health therapeutic and social reengineering interventions for youth.

Effectiveness Of Toilet Training Education On Mother's Behavior And Toddler Age Toilet Training Ability (18-36 Months)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Hafiko Andresni ◽  
Zahtamal Zahtamal ◽  
Winda Septiani ◽  
Mitra Mitra ◽  
Lita Lita
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toilet Training ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Toilet training is an effort to train children to be able to control and urinate (BAK) and defecate (BAB). Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children at toddler age. Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children in toddler age which is very important to be done to create independence in children in controlling BAK and BAB and children know the parts of the body and their functions. Data in 2012 shows that ± 60% of parents do not teach toilet training to children from an early age. The aim of the study was to find out the effectiveness of toilet training education on maternal behavior and toilet skills in toddler age training (18-36 months). The study was conducted in July-August 2018. This type of quantitative research used the design of the Quasy pretest and posttest experiment with non-equivalent control group design. Samples were 36 mothers and 36 children with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used Paired t test, Wilcoxon test, Man-Whitney test an Independent t test. The results showed that toilet training education through lecture methods, modules and maze games was more effective than toilet training education through lecture and leaflet methods on children's knowledge and abilities. Conversely, for the role of mothers in supervision there is no significant difference in effectiveness. Health education is recommended in health promotion programs to increase maternal knowledge, the role of mothers and the ability of toilet training children independently. Keywords: Toilet training, Lecture method, Module, Maze game, Leaflet, Knowledge, Role of mother, Children's ability.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF DRUG COST TOWARD CAPITATION COST FOR TOP DISEASES IN SPECIAL REGION OF YOGYAKARTA PUBLIC HEALTH CENTERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Satibi Satibi ◽  
Risma Sakti Pambudi ◽  
Trisnadewi N ◽  
Wilonakaulika Wilonakaulika ◽  
Diahayupuspandari Diahayupuspandari
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drug Cost ◽  
T Test ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Prescription Cost ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Special Region ◽  
Yogyakarta City

Objective: In this study wanted to analyze the differences between actual and standard of prescription cost. Researchers also conducted an analysis to see whether there was a difference between actual and standard of drug value in the amount of capitation fund.Methods: This study was a retrospective observational analytic. Medical prescriptions (January 2015–June 2015) will be obtained at several Puskesmas in D.I Yogyakarta. Mann–Whitney test was performed to conduct whether there was a difference between actual and standard of prescription cost. Independent sample t-test was performed to conduct whether there was a difference between actual and standard of drug value in the amount of capitation fund.Results: Based on the data, it showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) between actual and standard of prescription cost. There was also a significant difference between actual and standard of drug value in the amount of capitation fund at Puskesmas in Yogyakarta city and Bantul district. The difference of value caused by prescription cost value factor that there is duration component in calculation. Yet in Sleman district, there was no significant difference (p>0.05).Conclusion: There was a significant difference between actual and standard of prescription cost. There was also a significant difference between actual and standard of drug value in the amount of capitation fund at Puskesmas in Yogyakarta city and Bantul district. Yet in Sleman district, there was no significant difference.

scholarly journals A Study on the EFL Teachers’ Awareness of Classroom Observation Criteria

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Khalil Motallebzadeh ◽  
Aynaz Samir
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Classroom Observation ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
T Test ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Efl Teachers ◽  
Convenience Sampling

<p>The aim of the present study was to investigate the Iranian EFL teachers’ awareness of classroom observation criteria. To this end, 123 Iranian EFL teachers at several language institutes and universities participated in this study. The participants were selected through the convenience sampling method. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire for evaluating the criteria used for classroom observation. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated through Cronbach Alpha. The data were collected in person and through email; they were analyzed through descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, and the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The descriptive statistics indicated that an increase in teaching experience results in an increase in teachers’ awareness of the classroom observation criteria. The independent samples t-test indicated that there was not a significant difference between gender and the teachers’ awareness of classroom observation criteria. The results obtained from the ANOVA test indicated that there was no difference statistically in teachers’ awareness of classroom observation criteria between the fields of study, and level of education. The result of ANOVA test showed that age had a significant impact on teachers’ awareness of observation criteria. The findings of this study showed that a high percentage of Iranian EFL teachers are aware of the classroom observation criteria.</p>

scholarly journals Treating incarcerated inguinal hernias with TEP is a viable option for experienced surgeons

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayo Augusto de Almeida Medeiros ◽  
Bárbara Justo Carvalho ◽  
Leonardo Zumerkorn Pipek ◽  
Gustavo Heluani Antunes de Mesquita ◽  
Fernanda Nii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Laparoscopic Hernia Repair ◽  
Technical Difficulty ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Hernia Surgery ◽  
Inguinal Hernias ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractDespite inguinal hernias being a common problem in public health, there is still scarce information about the epidemiology of the complications, especially incarceration, and their influence on the laparoscopic surgical methods considering the role of the learning process of the surgeon. Compare laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) approach in the repair of incarcerated and non-incarcerated inguinal hernias from the perspective of technical difficulty for trained surgeons. We obtained data about sex, age, location and type of hernia, surgery duration, ASA score, postoperative complications, previous surgeries and BMI. Groups were descriptively analyzed and statistically compared to verify how similar the samples were. 265 (90.1%) patients had non-incarcerated hernias and 29 (9.9%) incarcerated. We observed that there was no significant difference in the pattern of location (right, left or bilateral), sex, ASA, previous or complications between the two groups. Unilateral incarcerated hernias had longer operative times compared to non-incarcerated. No difference was found between bilateral hernias. We didn´t find significant epidemiological differences between incarcerated and non-incarcerated hernias. In our experience, with the limitation of a single-surgeon series, laparoscopic hernia repair achieved satisfactory results in terms of feasibility (especially for bilateral hernias) and safety.

scholarly journals Role of oligodendrocytes in reversing ethambutol induced optic neuropathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1681-1685
Author(s):  
Elna Owembabazi ◽  
Ronald Ahumuza ◽  
Ochieng John Juma ◽  
Isaac Buzinde ◽  
Ibrahim Ssengendo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
First Line ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Myelin Sheaths ◽  
Significant Difference

Ethambutol is one of the first line drugs for treating tuberculosis. Its toxic effects on the optic nerve are majorly classified as reversible. However, worsening of vision and permanent vision loss after ethambutol discontinuation is also documented. To determine the effect of ethambutol toxicity on oligodendrocytes at different periods of treatment. Twenty-five male adult wistar rats of 110-130g average weight were housed in cages, exposed to 12-hour of dark and light cycles. After one week of acclimatization, five animals were randomly selected and sacrificed prior to ethambutol treatment for the control group (week 0). The remaining 20 animals were each orally administered 100mg/kg/day ethambutol. Five animals were randomly picked and sacrificed at the end of first, second, third, and fourth week of ethambutol treatment. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of oligodendrocyte cells obtained at the different stages of ethambutol treatment. Oligodendrocytes are not vulnerable to ethambutol toxicity for at least one month and they play a key role in reversing ethambutol induced neuropathy through myelin sheaths reconstruction. Key Words: Ethambutol, Oligodendrocytes, Optic Nerve, Optic Neuropathy.

scholarly journals Perception of Ecotourism among Undergraduate Students of Agricultural Science in Tai Solarin University of Education and Olabisi Onabanjo University

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
I O Ewebiyi ◽  
A A Akinsulu ◽  
A Aderinto
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
T Test ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This study investigated the perception of ecotourism among undergraduate students of Agricultural Science of Tai Solarin University of Education and Olabisi Onabanjo University. The study followed a survey design. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire from a sample of 132 respondents. It was analysed using descriptive statistics and a t-test. Participation in ecotourism was found to be high (55.3%). Visitation, sightseeing and trekking were the modal ecotourism activities. Insecurity, low interest, high costs and lack of time were the main hindrances to participation in ecotourism. It was concluded that most (75%) of the respondents had a favourable disposition towards ecotourism in the study area. Significant difference (t= -4.162, p=0.000) existed in perception of ecotourism in the two universities. Intensification of ecotourism awareness, funding of ecotourism, inclusion of ecotourism in higher education curricula, ecotourism advocacy and programmes that will encourage students’ participation in ecotourism activities are recommended.

scholarly journals Who Follows the Rules During a Crisis?—Personality Traits and Trust as Predictors of Compliance With Containment Recommendations During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Schmeisser ◽  
Emma A. Renström ◽  
Hanna Bäck
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Public Health Agency ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Public

When the COVID-19 pandemic hit in 2020, many governments tried to contain the spread of the virus by legally restricting social life and imposing national lockdowns. The Swedish government did not enforce a national lockdown, but instead appealed to the individual’s self-responsibility to follow specific containment recommendations developed by the Swedish Public Health Agency. Sweden is thus an especially interesting case to study because of the potential influence of psychological and attitudinal individual-level factors that might contribute to compliance with containment recommendations. Drawing on previous literature on how individuals respond during health crises, we define and evaluate a mediation model that considers the role of personality traits and trust authorities to explain compliance. More specifically, we argue that we need to consider the role of trust in authorities to better understand the relationship between personality traits and compliance. In analyses based on a large-scale representative survey (N = 1,034), we find Conscientiousness to be directly linked to compliance, whereas Agreeableness, Neuroticism and Openness were indirectly related to compliance when trust in the Public Health Agency was taken into account.

scholarly journals Investigation of personality traits and self-esteem levels of substance user and non user adolescents based on certain socio-demographic variablesMadde kullanan ve kullanmayan ergenlerin kişilik özellikleri ve benlik saygısı düzeylerinin sosyo-demografik değişkenlere göre incelenmesi

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 4100
Author(s):  
Zöhre Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Immigration Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Way Anova

The aim of the present study is to examine personality traits and self-esteem levels of a total number of 124 adolescents aging between 14 and 20 (62 adolescents who are using substance and 62 adolescents who are not using any substance) are compared based on certain socio-demographic variables. Five-Factor Personality Inventory (FFPI) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire (RSEQ) are used in order to collect data. For the comparison of two groups, t-test is used if the data was normally distributed, and Mann-Whitney U Test was used when normality assumptions were not met. When there are more than two groups, for normally distribute variables One-way ANOVA, and when normality assumptions were not met, Kruskal-Wallis Test were used. According to the findings, girls who are using substance had lower levels of conscientiousness compared to girls who are not using any substance. For boys, they had lower scores for extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience and higher levels of neuroticism if they are using some substance compared to the ones who are not using any substance. When age is taken into consideration, the results indicated that substance using adolescents between 17-20 had higher agreeableness scores compared to the substance using adolescents aged between 14-16. On the other hand, no significant differences were found for adolescents who are not using any substance. Moreover, there were not any significant differences based on the age onset of substance use and immigration status. For self-esteem, boys who are using substance had lower levels compared to the boys who are not using substance. There was no significant difference for the girls based on self-esteem. Results were discussed in the light of literature and implications were proposed.  ÖzetBu çalışmada, 14-20 yaş arasında, 62 madde kullanan ve 62 madde kullanmayan olmak üzere toplam 124 ergenin kişilik özellikleri ile benlik saygısı düzeylerinin bazı sosyo-demografik değişkenlere göre incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri, Beş Faktör Kişilik Envanteri (5FKE) ve Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği (RBSÖ) ile toplanmıştır. Analizlerde bağımsız iki grup karşılaştırılırken "t testi" ve normal teori varsayımlarının sağlanmadığı durumlarda ise "Mann-Whitney U Testi" kullanılmıştır. İkiden fazla grubun olduğu durumlar için "Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi ( One-Way ANOVA)" ve normal teori varsayımlarının sağlanmadığı durumlarda ise Kruskal-Wallis Testi"’ nden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre, madde kullanan kızların özdenetim/sorumluluk puanlarının madde kullanmayan kızlardan daha düşük olduğu; madde kullanan erkeklerin dışadönüklük, yumuşakbaşlılık, özdenetim/sorumluluk ve gelişime açıklık puanlarının madde kullanmayan erkeklerden daha düşük, duygusal tutarsızlık puanlarının ise daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Yaş değişkenine göre bakıldığında, 17-20 yaş arasındaki madde kullanan ergenlerin yumuşakbaşlılık puanının 14-16 yaş arasındaki ergenlerden yüksek olduğu, madde kullanmayan ergenlerin yaş faktörüne göre kişilik özelliklerinin anlamlı farklılık göstermediği saptanmıştır. Maddeye başlama yaşına göre, madde kullanan ergenlerin kişilik özelliklerinin farklılaşmadığı aynı zamanda madde kullanan ve kullanmayan ergenlerin göç değişkenine göre kişilik özelliklerinin anlamlı farklılık göstermediği bulunmuştur. Benlik saygısı açısından incelendiğinde, madde kullanan ve kullanmayan kızların benlik saygılarının farklılaşmadığı; madde kullanan erkeklerin benlik saygılarının madde kullanmayan erkeklerden daha düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Ulaşılan sonuçlar ilgili literatür ışığında tartışılarak öneriler sunulmuştur.

scholarly journals Study of Personality Traits of Tobacco-Users and Non-Users among Students

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Ruturaj H. Jaiswal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
Gujarat State ◽  
Significant Difference

Tobacco use is a multi- dimensional and a worldwide problem with an alarming increase in its incidences. Adolescence continuing use of tobacco is major public health problem in India. The present study was attempted to study the personality traits of tobacco users (TU) than tobacco non-users (TNU) students. The purposive sampling method was adopted to select the sample. The sample consisted of 100 subject with tobacco users (n=50) and non-users (n=50) were selected from different schools and colleges of Jamnagar city of Gujarat state. The tools used were Eysenck’s Personality Inventory, gujarati version. Student-T test was used to analyses the data. The present study revealed that there is significant difference between student tobacco users and non-users on Neuroticism and Extraversion dimensions of personality. Student tobacco users score higher on both dimensions of personality than non-users. Conclusion: when tobacco prevention and intervention program are developed, these personality traits should be consider in addition to physiological aspects.

scholarly journals Undergraduates entrepreneurial intention: Holistic determinants matter

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Tan Owee Kowang ◽  
Siti Zulaiha Binti Abdulah Apandi ◽  
Ong Choon Hee ◽  
Goh Chin Fei ◽  
Mohd Saiful Izwaan Saadon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Public University ◽  
Entrepreneurial Education ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Entrepreneurial Attitude ◽  
Significant Difference

The role of entrepreneurship in job creation and unemployment reduction is well established by prior studies. Hence, one of the ways to address the unemployment issue among young graduates in Malaysia is to explore how entrepreneurial intention could be embraced into the broader context of the country's education system. Empirical research found that prior studies on entrepreneurship education in Malaysia tends to focus on reviewing educational policies, issue and challenges. The concept of the entrepreneurial intention determinants beyond entrepreneurial education remains ambiguous. Hence, this study advances the discussion in entrepreneurship education by reviewing determinants for entrepreneurial intention from holistic perspective by integrating Model of Personality Traits and the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Five determinants for entrepreneurial intention are identified from literature review, which are entrepreneurship attitude, subjective norm, behavior control, entrepreneurship education and personality traits. The study is quantitative based, 360 questionnaires were distributed to the undergraduates from three faculties of a public university in Malaysia, with 199 responded. Data was analyzed via Pearson correlation and ANOVA analysis. Finding from the study suggested all the five entrepreneurial determinants are significantly correlated with entrepreneurial intention, and there is no significant difference on entrepreneurial intention based on faculty. However, one of the remarkable finding is Entrepreneurship Education is viewed as determinant with the lowest correlation coefficient with entrepreneurial intention. The implication of this finding is perhaps the content of entrepreneurial education shall emphasize on cultivating students’ entrepreneurial attitude, behavioral and personality rather than the theoretical part of entrepreneurial and entrepreneurship.

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