scholarly journals Crude extract from a hardcoral-associated bacterium Virgibacillus salarius PHC-44-04 inhibiting growth of Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacter aerogenes human pathogen

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ayuningrum ◽  
SAKTI IMAM MUCHLISSIN ◽  
AGUS TRIANTO ◽  
OCKY KARNA RADJASA ◽  
AGUS SABDONO
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Antibacterial Test ◽  
High Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. Ayuningrum D, Muchlissin SI, Trianto A, Radjasa OK, Sabdono A. 2018. Crude extract from a hardcoral-associated bacterium Virgibacillus salarius PHC-44-04 inhibiting growth of Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacter aerogenes human pathogen. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 18: 78-83. Hardcoral-associated bacteria are potential sources of natural product compounds with wide range of activities, i.e. antibacterial activity, antiviral, anticancer, antifungal, etc. Virgibacillus salarius PHC-44-04 is a gram-positive bacterium that was isolated in prior research from hard coral Pavona sp. collected from Panjang Island, Jepara, Indonesia. This bacterium at the screening phase was showing high antibacterial activity against Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacter aerogenes (MDR-EA). Therefore, this paper has aim to deliver the result of crude extract antibacterial test from V. salarius PHC-44-04 after being cultivated in liquid medium, to know the efficiency of using supernatant and pellet extract and to determine in which concentration was the minimum for antibacterial activity. The cultivation of bacterial isolates was using liquid medium Nutrient Broth, and the production of crude extract was using liquid-liquid extraction method. The liquid medium containing bacterial cell was separated using centrifuge with 8000 rpm became supernatant and pellet. The supernatant was extracted using ethyl acetate, while the pellet was extracted using methanol. The antibacterial test from both crude extract from supernatant and pellet was using disk diffusion method with several concentration as follows: 15 µg/mL, 30 µg/mL, 60 µg/mL, 90 µg/mL, 180 µg/mL, 250 µg/mL, 350 µg/mL, and 500 µg/mL. Each concentration was repeated in three replicates. The crude extract produced from 700 mL supernatant was 0.0667 g and from 50mL pellet was 0.0320. The pellet crude extract has higher mass but not having antibacterial activity against MDR-EA. The result showed only supernatant crude extract of V. salarius showed antibacterial activity against MDR-EA bacterium. The minimal crude extract concentration to inhibit the growth of MDR-EA was 60 µg/mL, meanwhile, the best concentration for exhibiting antibacterial activity was at 500 µg/mL with zone of inhibition (ZOI) diameter of 11.77 ± 0.8730 mm. Thus, supernatant should be the main source of crude extract production rather than the pellet to get high antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals Carbon Nanomaterials and LED Irradiation as Antibacterial Strategies against Gram-Positive Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Elias ◽  
Rafael Taengua ◽  
Belén Frígols ◽  
Beatriz Salesa ◽  
Ángel Serrano-Aroca
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
High Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Pathogens ◽  
Led Irradiation

Background: Due to current antibiotic resistance worldwide, there is an urgent need to find new alternative antibacterial approaches capable of dealing with multidrug-resistant pathogens. Most recent studies have demonstrated the antibacterial activity and non-cytotoxicity of carbon nanomaterials such as graphene oxide (GO) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs). On the other hand, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have shown great potential in a wide range of biomedical applications. Methods: We investigated a nanotechnological strategy consisting of GO or CNFs combined with light-emitting diod (LED) irradiation as novel nanoweapons against two clinically relevant Gram-positive multidrug-resistant pathogens: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE). The cytotoxicity of GO and CNFs was studied in the presence of human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Results: GO or CNFs exhibited no cytotoxicity and high antibacterial activity in direct contact with MRSE and MRSA cells. Furthermore, when GO or CNFs were illuminated with LED light, the MRSE and MRSA cells lost viability. The rate of decrease in colony forming units from 0 to 3 h, measured per mL, increased to 98.5 ± 1.6% and 95.8 ± 1.4% for GO and 99.5 ± 0.6% and 99.7 ± 0.2% for CNFs. Conclusions: This combined antimicrobial approach opens up many biomedical research opportunities and provides an enhanced strategy for the prevention and treatment of Gram-positive multidrug-resistant infections.

scholarly journals UNPRECEDENTED ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF PROSOPIS CINERARIA LEAVES

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Vibha Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Prosopis Cineraria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis Atcc

The antibacterial effect of Prosopis cineraria leaves was evaluated on multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), E. coli (ATCC 8739), Salmonella enterica (ATCC 14028), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). Powdered leaves of the tree were treated with methanol for the extraction. Crude methanol extracts of the leaves of P. cineraria was investigated for their antibacterial activity against a wide range of bacteria (both gram-positive and gram-negative) by agar well diffusion method. Ciprofloxacin was used as standard. The methanolic leaves extracts of P. cineraria showed a remarkable inhibition of the microorganisms. The potency shown by these extracts recommends their use against multidrug resistant microorganisms. The present study suggests that the methanol extract of the leaves of P. cineraria exhibited a potential antibacterial activity against the tested microorganisms and could be a potential source of new antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Properties of Prosopis cineraria stem bark

2020 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Prosopis Cineraria ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Wide Range

Infectious diseases are the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Nowadays, medicinal plants play a major role in treatment of infectious diseases and they are easily available and more affordable as compared to synthetic compounds. The emerging trends of multidrug resistance among several groups of microorganisms against different classes of antibiotics led different researchers to develop efficient drugs from plant sources to counter multidrug resistant strains. This study investigated two different concentration of methanol extracts of stem bark of Prosopis cineraria to determine their efficacy against multidrug resistant microbes. Powdered barks of the tree were treated with methanol using hot extraction method. Crude methanol extracts of the bark of P. cineraria was investigated for their antibacterial activity against a wide range of bacteria (both gram-positive and gram-negative) by disc diffusion method. Ciprofloxacin was used as standard. Multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), E. coli (ATCC 8739), Salmonella enterica (ATCC 14028), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) were used in the study. The methanolic bark extracts of P. cineraria showed a remarkable inhibition of the microorganisms. The potency shown by these extracts recommends their use against multidrug resistant microorganisms. The present study suggests that the methanol extract of the stem bark of P. cineraria exhibited a potential antibacterial activity against the tested microorganisms and could be a potential source of new antimicrobial agents.

Phytochemical Evaluation and Screening of Cardiotonic, Antibacterial and Anthelmintic Activities of Sida cordifolia L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 2567-2573
Author(s):  
Sarella Prakash Nathaniel Kumar ◽  
Kanthal L.K. ◽  
Durga S ◽  
Achutha Rama Raju D ◽  
Satyavati K
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Frog Heart ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Cardiotonic Activity ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
High Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Sida Cordifolia

Several herbs are traditionally used in the treatment of a variety of ailments particularly in the rural areas, where herbal medicine is mainly the source of health care system. Many of these herbs havenot been assessed for safety or toxicity to tissue or organs of the mammalian recipients. An attempt is made to prove the efficacy of Sida cordifolia Linn., (a traditional medicinal plant chosen on the basis of ethnomedical knowledge) for its Cardiotonic, Antibacterial and Anthelmintic activities. Sida cordofolia Linn., is used traditionally, inter alia, in the treatment of various infections, asthma, diarrhoea, heart and stomach disorders. Cardiotonicactivity is performed using isolated Frog Heart Perfusion Technique. Antibacterial activity of the whole plant extracts were assessed by Agar well diffusion method against the strains of Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Anthelmintic activity was studied against Pheretima posthuma. Phytochemical screening of powdered plant material revealed thepresence of some secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, saponins, tannins, glycosides and flavonoids. Results indicated that methanol, chloroform, aqueous extracts have significant cardiotonic activity but less than standard drugs. Methanol and Aqueous extracts showed high antibacterial activity and anthelmintic activity than the standard drugs. In a nutshell, we can conclude that the methanol and aqueous fractions of Sida cordifolia Linn., had a profound antibacterial and anthelmintic effect eventhough it possessed very significant cardiotonic activity. This validates its continuous usage in ethnomedicine. This plant could be developed into cheap, safe and culturally acceptable standardized herbal products and may serve as asource of new molecules for broad-spectrum antimicrobial and anthelmintic agent.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Artocarpus hirsutus Seed Extract and its Antibacterial Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 980-989
Author(s):  
Sampath Shobana ◽  
Sunderam Veena ◽  
S.S.M. Sameer ◽  
K. Swarnalakshmi ◽  
L.A. Vishal
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bacteria

Aims: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Artocarpus hirsutus mediated seed extract for nanoparticle synthesis. Background: Gastrointestinal bacteria are known for causing deadly infections in humans. They also possess multi-drug resistance and interfere with clinical treatments. Applied nanotechnology has been known to combat such infectious agents with little interference from their special attributes. Here we synthesize silver nanoparticles from Artocarpus hirsutus seed extract against two gastro-intestinal bacterial species: Enterobacter aerogenes and Listeria monocytogenes. Objective: To collect, dry, and process seeds of Artocarpus hirsutus for nanoparticle synthesis. To evaluate the morphological interaction of silver nanoparticles with bacteria. Methods: Artocarpus hirsutus seeds were collected and processed and further silver nanoparticles were synthesized by the co-precipitation method. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, UV, FTIR, and SEM. These nanoparticles were employed to study the antibacterial activity of nanoparticles against Enterobacter aerogenes and Listeria monocytogenes using well diffusion method. Further, morphological interaction of silver nanoparticles on bacteria was studied using SEM. Result: Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Artocarpus hirsutus seed extract and characterization studies confirmed that silver nanoparticles were spherical in shape with 25-40 nm size. Antibacterial study exhibited better activity against Enterobacter aerogenes with a maximum zone of inhibition than on Listeria monocytogenes. SEM micrographs indicated that Enterobacter aerogenes bacteria were more susceptible to silver nanoparticles due to the absence of cell wall. Also, the size and charge of silver nanoparticles enable easy penetration of the bacterial cell wall. Conclusion: In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using the seed extract of Artocarpus hirsutus for the first time exploiting the fact that Moraceae species have high phytonutrient content which aided in nanoparticle synthesis. This nanoparticle can be employed for large scale synthesis which when coupled with the pharmaceutical industry can be used to overcome the problems associated with conventional antibiotics to treat gastrointestinal bacteria.

scholarly journals In vitro activities of Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile bark fractions against Oral Bacteria, Glucosyltransferase and as antioxidant

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mahmoud Muddathir ◽  
Ebtihal Abdalla M. Mohieldin ◽  
Tohru Mitsunaga
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Acacia Nilotica ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background Dental caries and periodontal disease are the most common chronic infectious oral diseases in the world. Acacia nilotica was commonly known in Sudan as Garad or Sunt has a wide range of medicinal uses. In the present study, antibacterial activity of oral bacteria (Streptococcus sobrinus and Porphyromonas gingivalis), inhibitory activity against glucosyltransferase (GTF) enzyme and antioxidant activity were assayed for methanolic crude extract of A. nilotica bark and its fractions. Methods Methanoilc crude extract of A. nilotica bark was applied to a Sephadex LH-20 column and eluted with methanol, aqueous methanol, and finally aqueous acetone to obtain four fractions (Fr1- Fr4). Furthermore, the crude extract and fractions were subjected to analytical high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The crude extract and its fractions were assayed for antibacterial activity against S. sobrinus and P. gingivalis using a microplate dilution assay method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), as well as GTF inhibition and antioxidant activity using ABTS radical scavenging method. Results Fractions (Fr1 and Fr2) exhibited MIC values of 0.3 mg/ml against the P. gingivalis. Additionally, Fr2 displayed MBC value of 1 mg/ml against two types of bacteria. Fr4 showed an especially potent GTF inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 3.9 μg/ml. Fr1 displayed the best antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 1.8 μg/ml. The main compound in Fr1 was identified as gallic acid, and Fr2 was mostly a mixture of gallic acid and methyl gallate. Conclusions The results obtained in this study provide some scientific rationale and justify the use of this plant for the treatment of dental diseases in traditional medicine. A. nilotica bark, besides their antibacterial potentiality and GTF inhibitory activity, it may be used as adjuvant antioxidants in mouthwashes. Further studies in the future are required to identify the rest of the active compounds.

scholarly journals Microwave-Hydrothermal Rapid Synthesis of Cellulose/Ag Nanocomposites and Their Antibacterial Activity

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lian-Hua Fu ◽  
Qing-Long Gao ◽  
Chao Qi ◽  
Ming-Guo Ma ◽  
Jun-Feng Li
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Microwave Hydrothermal ◽  
Wide Range

Silver-based antimicrobial nanomaterials are considered as the most promising antibacterial agents owing to their outstanding antimicrobial efficacy and their relatively low toxicity to human beings. In this work, we report on a facile and environment-friendly microwave-hydrothermal method to prepare cellulose/Ag nanocomposites using hemicellulose as the reductant. The influences of the microwave-hydrothermal heating time and temperature, as well as the hemicellulose concentration on the formation of cellulose nanocomposites, were investigated in detail. Experimental results indicated that the hemicellulose was an effective reductant for silver ions, with higher temperature and longer heating time favoring the formation of silver with higher crystallinity and mass content in the nanocomposites. Moreover, the antimicrobial properties of the as-prepared cellulose/Ag nanocomposites were explored using Gram-positive S. aureus ATCC 6538 and Gram-negative E. coli HB 101 by both disc diffusion method and agar dilution method, and the nanocomposites showed excellent antibacterial activity. These results demonstrate that the as-prepared cellulose/Ag nanocomposites, as a kind of antibacterial material, are promising for applications in a wide range of biomedical fields.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Spirulina platensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Prayoga Pannindrya ◽  
Mega Safithri ◽  
Kustiariyah Tarman
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibacterial Test ◽  
E Coli

Spirulina is a microalgae that has been widely used as various supplements and medicines because of its high nutritional content. The need for new antibacterial sources to solve the problem of antibiotic resistance, makes the potential of Spirulina as an antibacterial agent necessary to be researched. This study aims to analyze the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Spirulina platensis obtained from the Indonesian region against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Spirulina samples were macerated in ethanol solvent in a ratio of 1:10 (w / v). The antibacterial test used was the disc diffusion method with clindamycin positive control. Antibacterial test results showed that S. platensis in this study did not have antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus.

scholarly journals Essential Oil from Origanum vulgare Completely Inhibits the Growth of Multidrug-Resistant Cystic Fibrosis Pathogens

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Pesavento ◽  
Valentina Maggini ◽  
Isabel Maida ◽  
Antonella Lo Nostro ◽  
Carmela Calonico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Achromobacter Xylosoxidans ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Wide Range

Essential oils (EOs) are known to inhibit the growth of a wide range of microorganisms. Particularly interesting is the possible use of EOs to treat multidrug-resistant cystic fibrosis (CF) pathogens. We tested the essential oil (EO) from Origanum vulgare for in vitro antimicrobial activity, against three of the major human opportunistic pathogens responsible for respiratory infections in CF patients; these are methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Achromobacter xylosoxidans. Antibiotic susceptibility of each strain was previously tested by the standard disk diffusion method. Most strains were resistant to multiple antibiotics and could be defined as multi-drug-resistant (MDR). The antibacterial activity of O. vulgare EO (OEO) against a panel of 59 bacterial strains was evaluated, with MIC and MBC determined at 24, 48 and 72 hours by a microdilution method. The OEO was effective against all tested strains, although to a different extent. The MBC and MIC of OEO for S. aureus strains were either lower or equal to 0.50%, v/v, for A. xylosoxidans strains were lower or equal to 1% and 0.50%, v/v, respectively; and for S. maltophilia strains were lower or equal to 0.25%, v/v. The results from this study suggest that OEO might exert a role as an antimicrobial in the treatment of CF infections.

scholarly journals Cyathea gigantea (Cyatheaceae) as an antimicrobial agent against multidrug resistant organisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathakali Nath ◽  
Anupam Das Talukdar ◽  
Mrinal Kanti Bhattacharya ◽  
Deepshikha Bhowmik ◽  
Shiela Chetri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Property ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Organisms

Abstract Background Rapid emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) organisms in hospital and community settings often result into treatment failure, thus leading the clinicians with fewer treatment options. Cyathea gigantea, an ethnomedicinally important fern used in cuts and wound infections. So, if this medicinal plant is used in treating the MDR infections then it might bring certain relief in future treatment options. Methods Antibacterial activity of C. gigantea against MDR bacteria was assed using well diffusion and broth microdilution methods to determine the diameters of growth inhibition zones, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Synergistic activity was also determined with the conventional antibiotics by disc diffusion method followed by FIC index of each of the tested antibiotic was calculated. The active extract was then subjected to fractionation by column chromatography and antibacterial activity was done with each of the collected fractions. Results Crude extract of C. gigantea was found to be active against all the tested organisms. The MIC was 200 μg/ml against Gram-positive i.e., Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and 400 μg/ml against Gram-negative i.e., Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, while the MBC was 400 μg/ml in case of Gram-positive and 800 μg/ml for Gram-negative. The synergistic activity revealed that the plant extract increased the antibacterial property of the studied antibiotics and the FIC index showed that significant synergistic activity was shown by ciprofloxacin followed by tetracycline, ampicillin and oxacillin. Antibacterial activity with the fractionated extract showed that the FR II, FR III and FR IV were active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, whereas FR I, FR V and FR VI did not show antibacterial property against any of the tested bacteria. Conclusions Extracts of C. gigantea was found active against both selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms and thus offers the scientific basis for the traditional use of the fern. The present study also provides the basis for future study to validate the possible use against multidrug resistant organisms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document