scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of Helicobacter pylori infection among under-five children, adolescent and non-pregnant women in Nepal: Further analysis of Nepal national micronutrient status survey 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e0009510
Author(s):  
Suresh Mehata ◽  
Kedar Raj Parajuli ◽  
Narayan Dutt Pant ◽  
Binod Rayamajhee ◽  
Uday Narayan Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
National Level ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
Status Survey

Most of the Helicobacter pylori infections occur in developing countries. The risk factors for H. pylori infections are poverty, overcrowding, and unhygienic conditions, which are common problems in under-privileged countries such as Nepal. Despite having a high risk of H. pylori infections, no national level study has been conducted to assess prevalence and correlates of H. pylori infection in Nepal. Therefore, we hypothesized that micronutrients such as iron, vitamin B12 deficiency, socio-economic status, and nutritional status correlate with the prevalence of H. pylori infection in Nepal. We studied prevalence and correlates of H. pylori infection among under-five children, adolescents aged 10–19 years and married women of reproductive age (aged 20–49 years) using data from the Nepal National Micronutrient Status Survey 2016 (NNMSS-2016). H. pylori infection was examined in stool specimens of 6–59 months old children, and 20–49 years old non-pregnant women by using a rapid diagnostic kit while blood samples was used to assess the H. pylori infection among adolescent boys and girls. Prevalence of H. pylori infection was 18.2% among 6–59 months old children, 14% among adolescent boys and 16% among adolescent girls aged 10–19 years; and 40% among 20–49 years non-pregnant women. Poor socioeconomic status, crowding, and unhygienic condition were found to be positively associated with higher incidence of H. pylori infections. No significant correlation was observed between nutritional and micronutrients status (iron or risk of folate deficiency) and H. pylori infection. Findings from this study suggest that poverty-associated markers are primary contributors of H. pylori infections in Nepalese communities. To control acquisition and persistence of H. pylori infection in Nepal, we suggest improved management of safe drinking water and implementation of sanitation and hygiene programs, with a focus on those of lower socioeconomic status.

scholarly journals Assessment of Micronutrient Situation among Reproductive-Age Women (15–49) and Under-Five Children in Sudan

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2784
Author(s):  
Eiman S. elkhalifahassan Swareldhab ◽  
Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh ◽  
Abdul Baseer Qureshi ◽  
Amira M. Elmunier Ali ◽  
Mohamed Abu-Manga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Reproductive Age Women ◽  
The Status

Background: Micronutrient malnutrition is a form of undernutrition that causes diseases, and this is mainly due to insufficient intake of nutrients in daily foods. The status of micronutrients for people in Sudan remains scarce, and information is limited. The aim of this study is to highlight the status of micronutrients among women of reproductive age (15–49 years of age) and their children in Sudan. Methods: This manuscript is a quantitative descriptive study, based on the data from Sudan Micronutrient Survey (SMS); it is part of the second round of the Simple Spatial Survey Method (S3M II) in Sudan (a total of 93,882 households). Results: The level of consumption of vitamin A-rich foods was found to be moderate at 67.36% for reproductive-age women and low at 23.44% for under-five children. Similarly, consumption rate of vitamin B-rich foods among reproductive-age women was 62.13%, and low for children at 11.02%. The consumption of iron-, calcium-, and zinc-rich foods was moderate among women (66.75%, 47.69%, 69.72%, respectively) and very low in children (12.28%, 17.62%, 14.99%, respectively). The iron deficiency prevalence was 47% in non-pregnant women, 58% in pregnant women, and 54% in children. The prevalence of anemia was 30% in non-pregnant women, 37% in pregnant women, and 48% in children. Generally, urinary iodine concentration was inadequate in lactating and non-pregnant women as well as in pregnant women. Most indicators of micronutrients in Sudan for children and women of reproductive age were highly significant. Sudan needs more efforts to create an enabling environment through legislation, policies, and strategies to strengthen the nutrition-sensitive and specific interventions and improving status of micronutrients among women and children, focusing on food fortification, food supplements, and counseling on micronutrients intake for mothers during antenatal and postnatal services as well as raising community awareness.

scholarly journals Hierarchical disentanglement of contextual from compositional risk factors of diarrhoea among under-five children in low- and middle-income countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe ◽  
A. Olalekan Uthman ◽  
Latifat Ibisomi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

AbstractSeveral studies have documented the burden and risk factors associated with diarrhoea in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). To the best of our knowledge, the contextual and compositional factors associated with diarrhoea across LMIC were poorly operationalized, explored and understood in these studies. We investigated multilevel risk factors associated with diarrhoea among under-five children in LMIC. We analysed diarrhoea-related information of 796,150 under-five children (Level 1) nested within 63,378 neighbourhoods (Level 2) from 57 LMIC (Level 3) using the latest data from cross-sectional and nationally representative Demographic Health Survey conducted between 2010 and 2018. We used multivariable hierarchical Bayesian logistic regression models for data analysis. The overall prevalence of diarrhoea was 14.4% (95% confidence interval 14.2–14.7) ranging from 3.8% in Armenia to 31.4% in Yemen. The odds of diarrhoea was highest among male children, infants, having small birth weights, households in poorer wealth quintiles, children whose mothers had only primary education, and children who had no access to media. Children from neighbourhoods with high illiteracy [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.07, 95% credible interval (CrI) 1.04–1.10] rates were more likely to have diarrhoea. At the country-level, the odds of diarrhoea nearly doubled (aOR = 1.88, 95% CrI 1.23–2.83) and tripled (aOR = 2.66, 95% CrI 1.65–3.89) among children from countries with middle and lowest human development index respectively. Diarrhoea remains a major health challenge among under-five children in most LMIC. We identified diverse individual-level, community-level and national-level factors associated with the development of diarrhoea among under-five children in these countries and disentangled the associated contextual risk factors from the compositional risk factors. Our findings underscore the need to revitalize existing policies on child and maternal health and implement interventions to prevent diarrhoea at the individual-, community- and societal-levels. The current study showed how the drive to the attainment of SDGs 1, 2, 4, 6 and 10 will enhance the attainment of SDG 3.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Vitamin A Deficiency among Children and Women in Senegal

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mane Hélène Faye ◽  
Nicole Idohou-Dossou ◽  
Abdou Badiane ◽  
Anta Agne-Djigo ◽  
Papa Mamadou DD Sylla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Subclinical Inflammation ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Factors Associated

Background: Like many developing countries, Senegal does not have data on the extent of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) that is representative of its population. The present survey was conducted to fill this gap and to identify factors associated with VAD, prior to the introduction of a large-scale vitamin A oil fortification program. Procedures: A nationwide representative cross-sectional survey involving 1887 children 12 to 59 months old and 1316 women of reproductive age (WRA) was conducted. Blood samples were collected and plasma concentrations of retinol (PR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and alpha-1-acidglycoprotein were measured. PR was adjusted for subclinical inflammation using the BRINDA regression methodology. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with VAD. Findings: The adjusted prevalence of VAD (PR ≤ 0.7 μmol/L) in children was 15.3% and differed by age group, area of residence, and socioeconomic status and half of them had subclinical inflammation. Among WRA, VAD was low (2.3%) and 18.1% had vitamin A insufficiency (VAI). Pregnant women were more affected by VAI (28.4%) and Dakar had lower figures compared with other cities and rural strata. Prevalence of VAI decreased with increasing wealth quintile. In logistic regression, abnormal CRP, poverty, scarce consumption of poultry, oysters, melon, red palm oil, palm kernel oil, Saba senegalensis fruit pulp (Maad) and cowpea, frequent consumption of leeks and consumption of Leptadenia hastata leaves (Mbuum tiakhat), were associated with VAD in children. For women, lower socioeconomic status, fair or poor health status and anemia were negatively associated with VAI. Conclusions: In Senegal, VAD is a moderate public health problem in children and slight among women. Particular attention should be paid to children older than 23 months, pregnant women, rural populations, and poorest households. Nutritional interventions should be implemented alongside morbidity prevention and control. Keywords: vitamin A deficiency, children 12-59 months, women of reproductive age, Senegal.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and determinants of Helicobacter pylori infection among asymptomatic under-five children at a Tertiary Hospital in the South-Western region of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 2082
Author(s):  
Adefunke O Babatola ◽  
Felix O Akinbami ◽  
Olugbenga O Adeodu ◽  
Temitope O Ojo ◽  
Martins O Efere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽  
Western Region ◽  
The South ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution and Modeling of malnutrition among under-five Children in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reta Lemessa ◽  
Ararso Tafese ◽  
Gudeta Aga
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Multilevel Model ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
National Level ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
P Value ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Regional Clusters

Abstract Background Majority of this world is concerned by malnutrition. Ethiopia is one of the Sub Saharan African countries known by poverty, childhood diseases, high mortality and poor infrastructures and technology. The study aimed to examine differences within individuals and between clusters in nutritional status of under-five children and to identify socioeconomic factors using adequate nutrition of children in Ethiopia. Method: Data was obtained from Ethiopian 2019 Mini Demographic and Health Survey surveyed by Ethiopian Public Health Institute. A weighted sub- sample of 8768 under-five children was drawn from the dataset. Spatial statistics was used to analysis spatial variations of malnutrition of children in clusters of regional areas of Ethiopia. Multilevel modeling was used to look at demographic, socioeconomic factors at individuals and clusters levels. Result At national level the proportion of stunting, underweight and wasting among under-five children were 39.5 percent, 29.8 percent and 15.4 percent respectively. The Global Moran Index’s value for children malnutrition result in Ethiopia was (for stunting I = 0.204, P-value = < 0.0001, for underweight I = 0.195, P-value = < 0.0001 and for wasting I = 0.152, P-value = < 0.0001). Spatial variability of malnutrition of under-five children across the clusters of Ethiopia observed. Result of heterogeneity between clusters obtained was {X}^{2}=147.25, {X}^{2}=211.43 and {X}^{2}=201.43 respectively for stunting, underweight and wasting with P = < 0.0001 providing evidences of variation among regional clusters with respect to the status of nutrition of under-five children. Multilevel model result revealed that high differences of malnutrition in individual households and regional clusters in the under-five children in Ethiopia. Conclusion The model showed that there were spatial variations in malnutrition among clusters in Ethiopia. Child age in month, breast feeding, family educational level, wealth index, place of residence, media access and region were highly significantly associated with childhood malnutrition. Inclusion of explanatory variables in multilevel model has shown that a significant impact on variation in malnutrition among individual households and regional clusters. Accessible resources, promoting education, use media to expand activities regarding nutritional and health services and through health workers and health institutions in Ethiopia is significant.

scholarly journals Nutritional status of under- five children in a city of Maharashtra: a community based study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxmikant Purohit ◽  
Priyanka Sahu ◽  
Lata B. Godale
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Under Nutrition

Background: Children are considered to be the backbone of any nation. Nutritional problems among children cause major morbidity and mortality in India. India is home to the largest number of underweight and stunted children in the world. Aim and objectives: 1) To assess prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting among under-five children 2) To study factors associated with underweight, stunting and wasting among under-five childrenMethods: It was community based descriptive cross sectional study conducted during January 2010 to December 2011 at Urban Health Center of the Department of Preventive and Social Medicine catering approximately 27000 populations. 650 under- fives residing in urban field practice area were included in the study with the help of Stratified random sampling technique. Data was analyzed using SPSS software 16 version and OpenEpi Software Version 2.3.Results: 40.46% under five children were stunted, 38.15% were underweight, and 16% were wasted. The difference observed between stunted and normal study subjects with reference to type of family, education of mother, birth weight and birth order were statistically significant. The proportion of under- five children with underweight showed significant association with their age, socioeconomic status, education mother, birth weight and birth order. Proportion of under-five children with SAM and MAM decreased significantly with increase in education status of mother. Significantly higher proportion of under-five children with birth weight less than 2.5 kg and higher birth order were grouped as SAM and MAM.Conclusions: Maternal education, birth weight and birth order of children were significantly associated with all three types of under nutrition i.e. underweight, stunting and wasting. Proportion of children with underweight increases significantly with increase in age and decrease in socioeconomic status. There was no religion wise or gender wise variation in proportion of children with under nutrition was reported among study subjects.

scholarly journals Malaria infection and anemia status in under-five children from Southern Tanzania where seasonal malaria chemoprevention is being implemented

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260785
Author(s):  
Richard O. Mwaiswelo ◽  
Bruno P. Mmbando ◽  
Frank Chacky ◽  
Fabrizio Molteni ◽  
Ally Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Bed Net ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention

Background Malaria and anemia remain major public health challenges in Tanzania. Household socioeconomic factors are known to influence these conditions. However, it is not clear how these factors influence malaria transmission and anemia in Masasi and Nanyumbu Districts. This study presents findings on malaria and anemia situation in under-five children and its influencing socioeconomic factors in Masasi and Nanyumbu Districts, surveyed as part of an ongoing seasonal malaria chemoprevention operational study. Methods A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between August and September 2020. Finger-prick blood samples collected from children aged 3–59 months were used to test for malaria infection using malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT), thick smears for determination of asexual and sexual parasitemia, and thin smear for parasite speciation. Hemoglobin concentration was measured using a HemoCue spectrophotometer. A structured questionnaire was used to collect household socioeconomic information from parents/caregivers of screened children. The prevalence of malaria was the primary outcome. Chi-square tests, t-tests, and logistic regression models were used appropriately. Results Overall mRDT-based malaria prevalence was 15.9% (373/2340), and was significantly higher in Nanyumbu (23.7% (167/705) than Masasi District (12.6% (206/1635), p<0.001. Location (Nanyumbu), no formal education, household number of people, household number of under-fives, not having a bed net, thatched roof, open/partially open eave, sand/soil floor, and low socioeconomic status were major risks for malaria infection. Some 53.9% (1196/2218) children had anemia, and the majority were in Nanyumbu (63.5% (458/705), p<0.001. Location (Nanyumbu), mRDT positive, not owning a bed net, not sleeping under bed net, open/partially open eave, thatched window, sex of the child, and age of the child were major risk factors for anemia. Conclusion Prevalence of malaria and anemia was high and was strongly associated with household socioeconomic factors. Improving household socioeconomic status is expected to reduce the prevalence of the conditions in the area.

scholarly journals Helicobacter pylori infection and hyperemesis gravidarum: a prospective pilot study in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 2856
Author(s):  
Akhila M. V. ◽  
Padmasri R.
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: About 80% of all pregnant women experience some form of nausea and vomiting during their pregnancy. Hyperemesis gravidarum, the commonest indication for admission to hospital in the first half of pregnancy affects approximately 0.3%-2.0% of pregnancies. Helicobacter pylori infection has been implicated in the cause of nausea and occasional vomiting in early pregnancy. The objectives of this study are to determine the proportion of H. pylori seropositivity among women with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) and determine its relation with socio-economic status.Methods: This was a prospective study conducted in a tertiary hospital in Bangalore among 60 pregnant women with HG for a period of 12 months. Venous blood samples were obtained and serum IgG for H. pylori was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Details regarding socioeconomic status, recurrence of symptoms and severity were noted.Results: The proportion of H. pylori seropositivity among pregnant women with hyperemesis in our study was 70%.There was a significant increase in severity and recurrence of vomiting among seropositive cases. Women belonging to rural areas had 1.17 times the risk of infection compared to women with urban area. We also found women belonging to the lower socioeconomic status had 0.52 times more risk to develop Helicobacter pylori infection.Conclusions: This study suggests that H. pylori is an independent risk factor for vomiting in pregnancy. Effective treatment and eradication of H pylori infection may help reduce severity and recurrence of vomiting among positive cases thus reducing its adverse consequences.

scholarly journals Risk factors for acute severe pneumonia in under five children

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 949
Author(s):  
Neerupam Gupta ◽  
Naine Bhadrala
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
World Health ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Low Literacy ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Background: Acute severe pneumonia is the leading cause of death in children below five years of age. India tops in the list amongst the 15 countries having a high incidence of childhood pneumonia with 43 million episodes of pneumonia annually. Identification of modifiable risk factors of acute severe pneumonia can help in reducing the burden of disease.Methods: A hospital-based case control study was undertaken to determine risk factors associated with acute severe pneumonia in under-five children. A case definition of acute severe pneumonia as given by world health organization (WHO) was used for cases. Healthy children attending Pediatrics outpatient Department for immunization during study period were enrolled as controls. Details of potential risk factors in cases and controls were recorded in pre-designed proforma. 732 children including 366 cases and 366 controls were enrolled in the study.Results: On stepwise logistic regression analysis it was found that low  literacy status of the mother (OR:9.46; 95%CI:7.31-19.0); inappropriate immunization for age (OR:38.04; 95%CI 14.59-110.18);cooking fuel other than liquid petroleum gas (OR:3.79; 95%CI: 2.40-6.78); low socioeconomic status (OR: 6.12; 95%CI: 2.42-35.48); overcrowding (OR:1.21; 95%CI: 1.03- 2.21) and upper respiratory infection in family (OR:5.08; 95%CI: 3.79-7.67) were the significant contributors to the occurrence of acute severe pneumonia in children under five years.Conclusions: Low literacy status of mother, incomplete immunization status, use of fuel other than LPG, low socioeconomic status, overcrowding, family history of URTI emerged as risk factors for occurrence of acute severe pneumonia in under five children.

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