scholarly journals Antimicrobial uses for livestock production in developing countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-221
Author(s):  
Md. Zahangir Hosain ◽  
S. M. Lutful Kabir ◽  
Md. Mostofa Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Growth Promoter

Antimicrobial is an indispensable part of veterinary medicine used for the treatment and control of diseases as well as a growth promoter in livestock production. Frequent use of antimicrobials in veterinary practices may lead to the residue in animal originated products and creates some potential problems for human health. The presence of antimicrobial residues in animal originated foods may induce serious health problems such as allergic reaction, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and lead to carcinogenic and mutagenic effects in the human body. The misuse or abuse of antibiotics in human medicine is thought to be a principal cause of AMR but some antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and their resistant genes originating from animals are also responsible for developing AMR. However, the residual effect of antimicrobials in feed and food products of animal origin is undeniable. In developing countries, the community is unaware of this residual effect due to lack of proper information about antibiotic usage, AMR surveillance, and residue monitoring system. It is imperative to reveal the current situation of antimicrobial use in livestock production and its impacts on public health. Moreover, the safety levels of animal feeds and food products of animal origin must be strictly monitored and public awareness should be developed against the indiscriminate use of antimicrobial in animal production. Therefore, the current review summarizes the literature on antimicrobial use in livestock production and its hazardous residual impacts on the human body in developing countries.

Responding to the increasing global demand for animal products: implications for the livelihoods of livestock producers in developing countries

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Thomas ◽  
D. Rangnekar
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Global Demand

Livestock production currently accounts for some 40% of the gross value of world agricultural production, and its share is rising (FAO, 2002). Livestock production is the largest user of agricultural land; directly through grazing of pastures and indirectly through the production of forage crops and other feeds. Over the next 20 years, there will be a massive increase in demand for food of animal origin in developing countries, and this increase will be greater than for either the major cereals or roots and tubers (IFPRI, 1995; Delgado et al., 1999).

scholarly journals Determining Food Stability to Achieve Food Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7222
Author(s):  
Juan García-Díez ◽  
Carla Gonçalves ◽  
Luca Grispoldi ◽  
Beniamino Cenci-Goga ◽  
Cristina Saraiva
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Food Stability ◽  
Quantitative Definition

Food security, as part as public health protection, constitutes one of the main objectives for countries aiming to ensure the health of all their citizens. However, food security is compromised worldwide by conflict, political instability, or economic crises, both in developed and developing countries. Conversely, because of the importance of agriculture to the economies of rural areas both in developed and developing countries, this sector can contribute to improving food stability, as well as to furthering food security. Thus, livestock and traditional meat products represent a key factor in ensuring food availability. Overall, biosecurity measures improve animal welfare by decreasing the occurrence of diseases that compromise the stability by causing fluctuations in the availability of meat and animal-derived food products such as milk, eggs, or traditional fermented products. As a consequence, an absence of biosecurity measures affects food security (in its quantitative definition, as described above) as well as the productive, sanitary, and environmental sustainability of the rural environment. Products of animal origin support local trade and the regional economy, while contributing to the availability of foods without great external dependence. The manufacture of foods of animal origin aims to create products that are durable and that maintain food availability for long periods of time, even during seasons with scarce resources. Thus, dry-cured or fermented meat products play an important role in food availability. Food security also refers to food access under healthy economic conditions; therefore, knowledge of the main tools that guarantee the safety of these kinds of food products is essential to achieving food stability and further food security.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance of lactis acid bacteria and the risk of its transmission with fermented dairy products

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (87) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
I.M. Slyvka ◽  
O.Y. Tsisaryk ◽  
L.Y. Musiy
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Fermented Dairy Products ◽  
Fermented Dairy

Bacterial resistance to antimicrobials is a global health problem that affects not only on humane and veterinary medicine, but also on food products. The food chain can be by transmission of antibiotic resistance from bacterial populations to animals and humans. Literary data on the current state of the problem of antibiotic resistance of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in Ukraine and in the world are given in the review. Possible ways of transferring resistance to antibiotics through fermented dairy products are shown. The main aspects of the danger of transmission of antibiotic resistance genes through the LAB and fermented dairy products are revealed. The main modern approaches to the definition of antibiotic resistance of microorganisms with the use of classical and modern research methods are described. The article provides the main sources of information on the safety of use of LAB as starter cultures and probiotics for the production of fermented dairy products. The hypothesis of the resistance gene's reservoir suggests that LAB can be a reservoir of sustainability genes, and the subsequent transfer of such genes to pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms. The presence of antibiotic resistance genes transposed horizontally is inadmissible for lactobacilli, which are used as commercial bacterial agents for the production of fermented dairy products. According to the literature data, the absence of acquired antimicrobial resistance has become an important criterion for assessing the safety of lactobacilli, which are used as starting cultures for the production of fermented dairy products or probiotics. It has been established that it is obligatory to study the antibiotic resistance gene in addition to clinical and laboratory methods of studying the antibiotic resistance of LAB. To minimize the formation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in food products of plant and animal origin it is possible by careful monitoring of residues of antibiotics in raw materials and finished products. This will prevent the entry of antibiotic resistant strains into the natural cycle.

CORRELATION BETWEEN TAX POLICY AND CORRUPTION IN THE LEGAL PERSPECTIVE FOR COUNTRY'S ECONOMIC GROWTH

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Gideon J. ◽  
Edgar H. ◽  
Ivan I. ◽  
Nabil N. ◽  
Aptina A. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Transparency International ◽  
Tax Amnesty ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
State Income ◽  
The Government

<p>People Tax is the main source of state income. The better the tax policy of a country, the better the development of a country. One of the factors that influence the level of public awareness in paying taxes is corruption. Study shows that tax collection is one of them influenced by corruption. In the data of Corruption Perceptions Index 2016 reported by Transparency International, Indonesia is ranked 90 out of 176 countries. Tax evasion is a serious problem for many countries. Every year, the government loses revenue potential as many residents evade taxes in various ways. For this reason, the government implements tax amnesty. Tax amnesty is designed to permanently reduce the amount of underground economy activity, thereby increasing tax revenues in the future and developing countries can grow well.</p>

Pengenalan Berbagai Olahan Susu Sebagai Alternatif Usaha yang Menjanjikan di Masyakarat Desa Cisempur Jatinangor Sumedang Jawa Barat

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-305
Author(s):  
Primiani Edianingsih ◽  
Raden Febrianto Christi
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
The People ◽  
Post Test

Abstrak: Susu merupakan produk hasil ternak berupa cairan putih dengan kandungan gizi yang lengkap serta memberikan manfaat bagi tubuh manusia. Sebagai upaya dalam meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat dalam pemahaman berbagai produk olahan susu maka diadakan penyuluhan. Pengabdian ini telah dilaksanakan kepada masyarakat Desa Cisempur Kecamatan Jatinangor dengan diikuti sebanyak 22 peserta yang terdiri atas kalangan ibu rumah tangga. Metode pelaksanaan dengan cara partisipasi aktif dari peserta dengan pengenalan berbagai produk olahan susu. Tahapan dimulai dengan sebaran kuisioner pre test  sebelum kegiatan dilakukan dengan 20 pertanyaan yang diajukan, lalu pemaparan materi berbagai olahan susu mulai dari pendahuluan terkait susu sampai produk olahan susu, Penyebaran kuisioner Post test kepada peserta setelah acara selesai dengan pertanyaan yang sama seperti pre test. Kemudian membuat salah satu produk susu kepada peserta berupa susu pasteurisasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan pengenalan produk olahan susu pada masyarakat Desa Cisempur Kecamatan Jatinangor yang hadir setelah melakukan pre test dan post test.Abstract: Milk is a livestock product in the form of a white liquid with complete nutritional content and provides benefits to the human body. As an effort to increase public awareness in understanding various dairy products, counseling was held. This service has been carried out for the community of Cisempur Village, Jatinangor District, followed by 22 participants consisting of housewives. The method of implementation is by means of active participation of the participants with the introduction of various dairy products. The stages began with the distribution of pre-test questionnaires before the activity was carried out with 20 questions, then the presentation of various dairy products, from the introduction to milk to dairy products, the distribution of post test questionnaires to participants after the event was over with the same questions as the pre test. Then make one of the milk products for the participants in the form of pasteurized milk. The results showed that there was an increase in the introduction of dairy products in the people of Cisempur Village, Jatinangor District who attended after doing the pre test and post test.

NON-TRADITIONAL VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS IN CREATING THE NEW TYPES OF FOOD PRODUCTS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Pavlovna Shevchenko ◽  
Marina Vasilevna Kaledina ◽  
Lyudmila Viktorovna Voloschenko ◽  
Alexander Ivanovich Shevchenko ◽  
Inna Alekseevna Baidina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Traditional Vegetable ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials

scholarly journals Optimization Model of Phenolics Encapsulation Conditions for Biofortification in Fatty Acids of Animal Food Products

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 881
Author(s):  
Roberta Tolve ◽  
Fernanda Galgano ◽  
Nicola Condelli ◽  
Nazarena Cela ◽  
Luigi Lucini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
Wide Range

The nutritional quality of animal products is strongly related to their fatty acid content and composition. Nowadays, attention is paid to the possibility of producing healthier foods of animal origin by intervening in animal feed. In this field, the use of condensed tannins as dietary supplements in animal nutrition is becoming popular due to their wide range of biological effects related, among others, to their ability to modulate the rumen biohydrogenation and biofortify, through the improvement of the fatty acids profile, the derivate food products. Unfortunately, tannins are characterized by strong astringency and low bioavailability. These disadvantages could be overcome through the microencapsulation in protective matrices. With this in mind, the optimal conditions for microencapsulation of a polyphenolic extract rich in condensed tannins by spray drying using a blend of maltodextrin (MD) and gum Arabic (GA) as shell material were investigated. For this purpose, after the extract characterization, through spectrophotometer assays and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight (UHPLC-QTOF) mass spectrometry, a central composite design (CCD) was employed to investigate the combined effects of core:shell and MD:GA ratio on the microencapsulation process. The results obtained were used to develop second-order polynomial regression models on different responses, namely encapsulation yield, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, and tannin content. The formulation characterized by a core:shell ratio of 1.5:5 and MD:GA ratio of 4:6 was selected as the optimized one with a loading capacity of 17.67%, encapsulation efficiency of 76.58%, encapsulation yield of 35.69%, and tannin concentration of 14.46 g/100 g. Moreover, in vitro release under varying pH of the optimized formulation was carried out with results that could improve the use of microencapsulated condensed tannins in animal nutrition for the biofortification of derivates.

scholarly journals Contribution of Nanomaterials to the Development of Electrochemical Aptasensors for the Detection of Antimicrobial Residues in Food Products

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Valérie Gaudin
Keyword(s):  
Signal Amplification ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Portable Instrumentation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Antimicrobial Residues

The detection of antimicrobial residues in food products of animal origin is of utmost importance. Indeed antimicrobial residues could be present in animal derived food products because of animal treatments for curative purposes or from illegal use. The usual screening methods to detect antimicrobial residues in food are microbiological, immunological or physico-chemical methods. The development of biosensors to propose sensitive, cheap and quick alternatives to classical methods is constantly increasing. Aptasensors are one of the major trends proposed in the literature, in parallel with the development of immunosensors based on antibodies. The characteristics of electrochemical sensors (i.e., low cost, miniaturization, and portable instrumentation) make them very good candidates to develop screening methods for antimicrobial residues in food products. This review will focus on the recent advances in the development of electrochemical aptasensors for the detection of antimicrobial residues in food products. The contribution of nanomaterials to improve the performance characteristics of electrochemical aptasensors (e.g., Sensitivity, easiness, stability) in the last ten years, as well as signal amplification techniques will be highlighted.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Use, Residues, Resistance and Governance in the Food and Agriculture Sectors, Tanzania

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Robinson H. Mdegela ◽  
Elibariki R. Mwakapeje ◽  
Bachana Rubegwa ◽  
Daniel T. Gebeyehu ◽  
Solange Niyigena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Food Animals

All infections are potentially curable as long as the etiological agents are susceptible to antimicrobials. The increased rate at which antimicrobials are becoming ineffective is a global health risk of increasing concern that threatens withdrawal of beneficial antimicrobials for disease control. The increased demand for food of animal origin, in particular eggs, meat and milk has led to intensification and commercial production systems where excessive use and misuse of antimicrobials may prevail. Antimicrobials, handled and used by farmers and animal attendants with no formal education, may be predisposed to incorrect dosages, misuse, incorrect applications and non-adherence to withdrawal periods. This study was conducted to assess the regulatory roles and governance of antimicrobials, establish the pattern and extent of their use, evaluate the antimicrobial residues and resistance in the food animals and crop agriculture value chains, and relate these findings to existing strategies in place for combating the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Tanzania. A multimethod approach (desk review, field study and interviews) was used. Relevant establishments were also visited. High levels of resistance to penicillin G, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and oxytetracycline have been reported, especially for Actinobacter pyogenes, Staphylococcus hyicus, Staphylococcus intermedius and Staphylococcus aureus from dairy cattle with mastitis and in humans. Similar trends were found in poultry where eggs and meat are contaminated with Escherichia coli strains resistant to amoxicillin + clavulanate, sulphamethoxazole and neomycin. An increasing trend of emerging multidrug resistant E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella was also found in food animals. An increase in methicillin resistant Staphlococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) in the livestock sector in Tanzania have been reported. The pathogens isolated in animals were resistant to ampicillin, augmentin, gentamicin, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline, amoxicillin, streptomycin, nalidixic acid, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, tylosin, erythromycin, cefuroxime, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. An increased usage of antimicrobials for prophylaxis, and therapeutics against pathogens and for growth promotion in livestock, aquaculture and crop production were observed. A One Health strategic approach is advocated to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the food and agriculture sectors in Tanzania. Practical recommendations include (a) legislation review and implementation; (b) antimicrobial use (AMU), AMR and antimicrobial residue (AR) awareness and advocacy among stakeholders along the value chain; (c) strengthening of surveillance and monitoring programs for AMU, AMR and AR; (d) enhanced development and use of rapid and innovative diagnostic tests and the promotion of biosecurity principles; and (e) good husbandry practices. The utilization of this information to improve public health policies and reduce the burden of AMR will be beneficial.

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