scholarly journals Histopathological evaluation of Senecio rhizomatus Rusby in 7,12-dimethylbenz(α) anthracene-induced breast cancer in female rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-577
Author(s):  
Jorge Luis Arroyo-Acevedo ◽  
Oscar Herrera-Calderon ◽  
Juan Pedro Rojas-Armas ◽  
Roberto Chávez-Asmat ◽  
James Calva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Pharmacological Study ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Group I ◽  
Physiological Serum

Background and Aim: Senecio rhizomatus Rusby (SrR) is a medicinal plant of the Asteraceae family and traditionally consumed as infusion in the Andean region from Peru for inflammatory disorders. This study aimed to determine the histopathological changes afforded by SrR in 7, 12-dimethylbenz[α]anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer (BC) in rats. Materials and Methods: An ethanolic extract of SrR aerial parts was prepared by maceration with 96% ethanol, and the chemical components were identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry; the antioxidant activity was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picril-hidrazil (DPPH) assay; and the acute toxicity was assessed according to the OCED 423 guidelines. In a pharmacological study, 30 female Holztman rats were distributed randomly into five groups, as follows. Group I: Negative control (physiological serum, 2 mL/kg); Group II. DMBA (80 mg/Kg body weight); and Groups III, IV, and V: DMBA + ethanol extract of SrR at doses of 10, 100, and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Results: The antioxidant activity of the SrR extract against DPPH was 92.50% at 200 μg/mL. The oral administration of SrR at doses of 50, 300, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg did not show any clinical evidence of toxicity or occurrence of death. The groups that received SrR presented a lower frequency of tumors and a cumulative tumor volume compared with the DMBA group (p<0.05); the DMBA group exhibited a higher incidence of necrosis and moderate mitosis, up to 66.67% and 100.00%, respectively. Finally, infiltrating carcinoma with extensive tumor necrosis was evidenced. Conclusion: In experimental conditions, the ethanolic extract of SrR had a protective effect in DMBA-induced BC in female rats. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of its main phytochemicals could be responsible for the effect observed, and SrR seems to be a safe extract in the preclinical phase.

scholarly journals Ketoksikan Akut dari Ekstrak Etanolik Daun Jarak Pagar (Jatropa curcas) pada Mencit Jantan Galur Balb/C

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Hanif Nasiatul Baroroh ◽  
Eka Prasasti Nur Rachmani
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Animal Test ◽  
Group I ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Single Dosage ◽  
Histopathology Examination ◽  
Lung And Kidney

The acute toxicity of Jatropa curcas leaves on Balb/C male mice was studied in rats. This research aimed to determine acute toxicity, evaluate spectrum of toxic effect and mechanism that caused the death of animal test after administration of ethanolic extract of J. curcas leaves, single dosage orally on 24 hours observation. The research used male mice, which are divided into 5 groups. Group I was negative control with CMC-Na. Group II, III, IV, and V were given extract with dose of 1400 mg/kgBW, 2240 mg/kgBW, 3584 mg/kgBW and 5734 mg/kgBW, respectively. Evaluation of the toxic symptoms and death of animal test was done for 24 hours. If the animal test was died before 24 hours then it underwent surgery to take the heart, liver, lung, and kidney. In the end of the evaluation, all mice were killed to take the vital organs for histopathologic examination. No mortality was observed during study. The test resulted LD50 of ethanolic extract from J. curcas leaves using Balb/C male mice was 5734 mg/kg of BW. It was categorized as practically not toxic. Administration of the extract did not cause alterations of animal behaviours. Histopathology examination shows inflammation in lung, liver, and kidney after administration of the extract.

scholarly journals Nephrotherapy Determination of Ethanol Extract of African Leaves (Vernonia amygdalina Delile) on with the Parameter of Male Rat Urea Induced by Gentamisin

2019 ◽  
pp. 162-169
Author(s):  
Rizqi Nur Azizah ◽  
Irma Santi ◽  
Ayu Marlian
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Group I ◽  
Supplement Group ◽  
Post Hoc

African leaves (Vernonia amygdalina Delile.) contain flavonoids having an antioxidant activities. The research aimed to determine the nephrotherapy effect of the ethanolic extract of African leaves with the parameter of male rat urea (Rattus norvegicus) induced by gentamicin. The research used 18 rats divided into 6 groups consisting of group I as the normal group, group Il the Negative Control (gentamicin 80 mg I kgBW), group Ill the Positive Contfol (amino acid supplement), group IV, V, and VI given the ethanol extract of African leaves, each dose of 100 mg/kgBW, 250 mg/kgBW, 500 mg/kgBW. The induction of gentamicin 80 mg/kg BW was administered for eight days and the therapy for the ethanol extract of African leaves for fourteen days. The research data were statistically analyzed using the ANOVA test followed by the Post Hoc LSD test. The results showed that the ethanol extract of African leaves had the nephrotherapy effects in reducing the urea in male rat induced by gentamicin.

scholarly journals Triazine Derivative as Putative Candidate for the Reduction of Hormone-Positive Breast Tumor: In Silico, Pharmacological, and Toxicological Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tayyab Imtiaz ◽  
Fareeha Anwar ◽  
Uzma Saleem ◽  
Bashir Ahmad ◽  
Sundas Hira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Tumor ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Enzyme Level ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Group I

Background and objectives: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that poses the highest incidence of morbidity among women and presents many treatment challenges. In search of novel breast cancer therapies, several triazine derivatives have been developed for their potential chemotherapeutic activity. This study aims to evaluate the N-nitroso-N-methyl urea (NMU)–induced anti–mammary gland tumor activity of 2,4,6 (O-nitrophenyl amino) 1,3,5-triazine (O-NPAT).Methods: The in silico modeling and in vitro cytotoxicity assay were performed to strengthen the research hypothesis. For in vivo experimentation, 30 female rats were divided into five groups. Group I (normal control) received normal saline. Group II (disease control) received NMU (50 mg/kg). Group III (standard control) was treated with tamoxifen (5 mg/kg). Groups IV and V received O-NPAT at a dose level of 30 and 60 mg/kg, respectively. For tumor induction, 3 intraperitoneal doses of NMU were given at a 3-week interval, whereas all treatment compounds were administered orally for 14 consecutive days. Biochemical and oxidative stress markers were estimated for all experimental animals. DNA strand breakage alongside inflammatory markers was also measured for the analysis of inflammation. The hormonal profile of progesterone and estrogen was also estimated.Results: The test compound presented a significant reduction in organ weight and restored the hepatic and renal enzymes. O-NPAT treatments enhanced the antioxidant enzyme level of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total sulfhydryl (TSH), with a highly significant reduction in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and lipid peroxidation. Also, the decrease in fragmented DNA, hormonal levels (estradiol and progesterone), and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) justified the dosage efficacy further supported by histopathological findings.Conclusion: All results indicated the anti–breast tumor activity of O-NPAT and presented its possibility of exploitation for beneficial effects in breast cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Water Hyacinth (Eichhorniacrassipes) Ethanolic Extract Anti Platelet Activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 969-978
Author(s):  
Perdina Nursidika
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels. CVDs are responsible for 37% of deaths in Indonesia. Thrombosis is the main factor causing blood vessel clost in CVDs. Blood vessel clots then affect narrowed blood vessel. This causes strokes. The aim of this study is to determine the antithrombotic effect of water hyacinth ethanolic extract, the effective dose, and the potential to become anticoagulant agent. The water hyacinth was extracted by ethanol 96%. The extract was tested on five groups of mice, each group containing five mice. Each group was tested for fourteen days. Group I and II are fed by extract suspension with varied dose 1 mg/BW and 2 mg/BW. Group III is fed by warfarin as standard. Group IV and V are the positive and negative group, the mice were fed by NaCMC. On the 7th and 14th days, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were conducted. The plasma of group 1-IV mixed with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) as inducer, except plasma of group V used for negative control, did not mixed with ADP. Data analysed by ANOVA and LSD to obtain effective dose. The results showed the difference between PTT and aPTT among the tested groups. Group I and II showed prolonged PT which is 22 and 32 seconds respectively. The control positive showed PT 9.48 seconds on day 7th and 8.22 seconds on day 14th. LSD analysis showed that there is the significant difference between positive control and the other groups. It showed platelet aggregation performed due to the addition of ADP as inducer. There was a significant difference between dose 2 and the negative control group, and there is no significant difference of dose 1. In conclusion, water hyacinth has the antithrombotic activity, the effective dose is 1 mg/BW, and it potential to further developed as anticoagulant agent.   Keywords: antiplatelet, cardiovascular diseases, water hyacinth.

scholarly journals The Essential Oil of Cymbopogon citratus Stapt and Carvacrol: An Approach of the Antitumor Effect on 7,12-Dimethylbenz-[α]-anthracene (DMBA)-Induced Breast Cancer in Female Rats

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 3284
Author(s):  
Juan Pedro Rojas-Armas ◽  
Jorge Luis Arroyo-Acevedo ◽  
Miriam Palomino-Pacheco ◽  
Oscar Herrera-Calderón ◽  
José Manuel Ortiz-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antitumor Effect ◽  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Breast Tumor Cell ◽  
Group I

C. citratus essential oil and carvacrol have shown an antitumor effect on breast tumor cell lines; the main objective of this research was to evaluate the antitumor effect of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (EOCc) and carvacrol on 7,12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer in female rats. Cancer was induced by a single administration of DMBA at dose of 80 mg/kg body weight (BW). A total of 54 female Holtzman rats were randomly assigned into 9 groups (n = 6). Group I: PS (Physiological saline); Group II: DMBA; Groups III, IV, and V: DMBA + EOCc at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day BW, respectively; Groups VI, VII, and VIII: DMBA + carvacrol at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day BW, respectively; and group IX: DMBA + EOCc + carvacrol at doses of 100 mg/kg/day BW. The treatment lasted 14 weeks. As results, EOCc showed a reduction in tumors as well as necrosis and mitosis. Animals treated with carvacrol did not show necrosis, mitosis, or infiltration. Carvacrol at dose of 100 mg/kg/day BW revealed a significant decrease in the cumulative tumor volume down to 0.11 ± 0.05 cm3 compared to 0.38 ± 0.04 cm3 of the DMBA group (p < 0.01). It is concluded that EOCc and carvacrol had an antitumor effect on DMBA-induced breast cancer in female rats.

scholarly journals Immunomodulator Activity of Effervescent Granule of Wualae Fruit (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Smith) Based on Specific Phagocytic Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adryan Fristiohady ◽  
Wa Ode Siti Zubaydah ◽  
Wahyuni Wahyuni ◽  
Mirda Mirda ◽  
Saripuddin Saripuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Etlingera Elatior

The previous study reported that Etlingera elatior (Wualae) has activity as immunostimulant with dose at 300 mg/kg BW and 400 mg/kg BW. Formulating natural product into effervescent granule (GE) can increase practicality and interest to consume traditional medicine. This study aims to investigate the immunostimulant activity of Wualae ethanolic extract in the effervescent granule. Wualae was macerated with ethanol then formulated into effervescent granule at dose 300 mg/kgBW and 400 mg/kgBW. Formulations were evaluated. Animals were divided into 4 groups and treated with: group I (positive control); group II (negative control); group III (GE dose at 300mg/kgBW); and group IV (GE at dose 400mg/kgBW) for 7 days and at days 8, groups were infected by Staphylococcus aureus intraperitoneally. Immunostimulant activity was measured by calculating the Specific Phagocytic Activity (SPA) of macrophage. Data collected from the evaluation and measurement of the SPA then analyzed using SPSS. Results from the evaluation were considered good except the moisture content of effervescent granule. Results from SPA was found that effervescent granule at dose 300 mg/kgBW and at dose 400 mg/kgBW have 26.33% and 32.5% consecutively with significance 0.02 (p<0.05). Thus, effervescent granule has comparable phagocytosis activity with positive control.

scholarly journals Efecto anticonceptivo y postcoital del extracto etanólico de lashojas del Desmodium molliculum (HBK).DC “Manayupa” en ratas hembras Holtzmann

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-41
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Alcoholic Solution ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Contraceptive Effect ◽  
Postcoital Contraception ◽  
Group 2

Efecto anticonceptivo y postcoital del extracto etanólico de lashojas del Desmodium molliculum (HBK).DC “Manayupa” en ratas hembras Holtzmann Postcoital contraceptive effect of ethanolic extract of the leaves of Desmodium molliculum (HBK).DC "Manayupa" in Holtzmann female rats Fidel Ernesto Acaro Chuquicaña Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2012.0018/ Resumen Nuestro objetivo fue determinar el efecto anticonceptivo y postcoital del extracto etanólico de las hojas de Desmodium molliculum (HBK).DC en ratas hembras adultas Holtzmann. Las hojas fueron recolectadas en el valle de Baños del Inca, departamento de Cajamarca, la cual es utilizada como diurética, depurativa de la sangre, antihemorrágica, antiinflamatoria de las vías urinarias, hígado y riñones. Se utilizaron 80 ratas hembras fueron seleccionadas aleatoriamente de acuerdo a los criterios de inclusión, y divididas en 2 grandes grupos, cada uno conformada por 5 subgrupos de 8 ratas hembras y ratas machos para el emparejamiento (1 macho: 2 hembras). Grupo 1: 40 ratas para la evaluación del efecto anticonceptivo del extracto de Desmodium molliculum a una solución 100mg/ml vía oral en dosis 200mg/kg, 600mg/kg y 1000mg/kg. Se utilizaron dos grupos como controles suero fisiológico y Medroxiprogesterona en dosis 15mg/kg; Grupo 2: 40 ratas para la evaluación del efecto postcoital del extracto Desmodium molliculum a una solución de 100mg/ml vía oral a dosis 200mg/kg, 600mg/kg y 1000mg/kg. Se utilizaron dos grupos control suero fisiológico y Levonorgestrel a dosis de 50ug/kg. El efecto anticonceptivo se evaluó mediante la cuantificación de los indicadores gravidez, número de implantaciones y número de fetos; el efecto post-coital se evaluó los indicadores gravidez, número de implantaciones, número de fetos vivos y número de fetos muertos. Del escreening fitoquímico se observa que las muestras en estudio, presentan una considerable cantidad de metabolitos secundarios, destacándose cantidades apreciables de flavonoides, compuestos fenólicos, esteroides, alcaloides y taninos estuvieron en mayor cantidad en el extracto etanólico. De las evaluaciones las ratas que recibieron la solución alcohólica a dosis de 200mg/kg.600mg/kg,1000mg/kg disminuyeron la gravidez, el número fetos e implantaciones en la actividad anticonceptiva y poscoital. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y pruebas estadísticas de significancia ANOVA y Tukey (p<0.05).Concluyendo que en condiciones experimentales los resultados encontrados demuestran que el extracto etanólico de Desmodium molliculum tiene efecto anticonceptivo y postcoital en ratas hembras Holtzmann. Descriptores: Anticonceptivo, Postcoital, Desmodium molliculum, Plantas Anticonceptiva. Abstract Our objective was to determine the effect of postcoital contraception and ethanol extract of the leaves of Desmodium molliculum (HBK). DC Holtzmann in adult female rats. The leaves were collected in the valley of Baños del Inca, Cajamarca department, which is used as a diuretic, purifying the blood, prevent bleeding, inflammatory urinary tract, liver and kidneys. We used 80 female rats were randomly selected according to the inclusion criteria, and divided into 2 groups, each consisting of 5 subgroups of 8 male rats and female rats for pairing (1 male: 2 females). Group 1: 40 rats to evaluate the contraceptive effect of the extract of Desmodium molliculum a 100mg/ml solution orally at 200mg/kg, 600mg/kg and 1000mg/kg. Two groups as saline controls and 15mg/kg dose medroxyprogesterone. Group 2: 40 rats to evaluate the effect of post-coital Desmodium molliculum extract a 100mg/ml solution orally at 200mg/kg dose, 600 mg / kg and 1000mg/kg. Two control groups were used and Levonorgestrel saline at doses of 50ug/kg. The contraceptive effect was assessed by quantifying indicators pregnancy, number of locations and number of fetuses; the effect was evaluated post-coital pregnancy indicators, number of implantations, number of live fetuses and dead fetuses number. Phytochemical screening shows that the samples under study show a considerable amount of secondary metabolites, highlighting significant amounts of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, steroids, alkaloids and tannins were in greater amounts in the ethanol extract. Evaluation of rats receiving a dose of alcoholic solution 200mg/kg.600mg/kg, 1000mg/kg decreased pregnancy, fetuses and the number deployments and postcoital contraceptive activity. Descriptive analyzes were performed and statistical tests of significance ANOVA and Tukey (p <0.05). Concluding that under experimental conditions the results show that the ethanol extract of Desmodium molliculum effect and postcoital contraception in female rats Holtzmann. Keywords: Anticonceptivo, Postcoital, Desmodium molliculum, Plantas Anticonceptiva.

scholarly journals Estrogenic Activity of Mahoni Seed Ethanolic Extract [Swietenia mahogany (L.) Jacq] on Uterus Weight, Bone Density and Mamae Gland Proliferation on Ovariectomized Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Poppy Anjelisa Zaitun Hasibuan ◽  
Rosa Gloria Sitanggang ◽  
Robbani Syahfitri Angkat
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Post Hoc

Menopause is a hypoestrogenic condition due to decreased function of the ovary. During menopause there is no reserved ovum in the ovary, as a result the synthesis of estrogen by the follicles does not take place. Deficiency of estrogen can lead to discomfort and decrease in the women quality of life. Therefore, supplements from natural resources to reduce menopausal symptoms will be needed. The objectives of the study were to determine the effect of mahogany seeds ethanolic extract (MSEE) on the development of uterus, bone density, and mammae gland proliferation on ovariectomized rats. Extract was made by maceration using 96% ethanol as the solvent, then the study of estrogenic effect was carried out on 30 female rats which were divided into 6 groups. Group 1 (normal control), group 2 (positive control) given estradiol dose of 0.18 mg/kg body weight (BW), group 3 (negative control) given Na-CMC 1% and group 4, 5, 6 given MSEE orally for 14 consecutive days with doses of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg BW. Data were analysed using ANOVA then continued with Tukey HSD Post Hoc test to see the differences between the treatments. The results of the study showed that MSEE was able to increase the weight of the uterus, the length of estrus phase in the estrus cycle, bone density and the mammae gland proliferation of rats. The results concluded that MSEE has phytoestrogenic effect on ovariectomized rats.Keywords: phytoestrogen, ovariectomy, uterus weight, bone density, mammae proliferation

Pengujian Efektivitas Penyembuhan Luka Mencit Diabetes Melitus Yang Diberikan Sediaan Krim Ekstrak Etanol Daun Bandotan

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Ria Afrianti ◽  
Dedi Nofiandi ◽  
Dira Dira ◽  
Widya Ulfa
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

Bandotan plants (Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L.) commonly used as agent in the treatment of inflammatory, wound, and also used used as analgesic, stimulant and tonic. In this study we carried out a test of the effectiveness of the cream (w/o) of ethanolic extract of bandotan leaves in wound healing in streptozocin-induced hyperglycemia mice. Animals were divided into five groups: Group I (without induced, given cream base w/o), group II (induced, given cream base w/o), group III (induced, given cream containing 3% extract), group IV (induced, given cream containing 5% extract) and group V (induced, given cream containing 7% extract). Animals also divided into three subgroups based on time of decapitation on 7th, 14th and 21th days. The parameters observed were the percentage of wound healing and collagen fibers density scores. Results were analyzed by Two-Way ANOVA. The results showed that the cream in concentration of 3%, 5% and 7% could affect wound healing in hyperglycemia mice. The percentage of wound healing of the cream in concentration of 3%, 5% and 7% were significantly different (p<0,05) with positive control, and density scores of collagen fibers was also significantly different (p<0,05) from the positive control and negative control. However, the best results was obtained from cream containing 5% extract which perrcentage of wound healing reached 98.5% on 21th day and got a score of 3 for density of collagen fibers that had been formed on the 14th day. 

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