scholarly journals CARBOHYDRATES OF MICROBIAL MATHS OF ALKALINE HYDROTHERMS OF BAIKAL REGION

2017 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Валентина (Valentina) Григорьевна (Grigor'evna) Будагаева (Budagaeva) ◽  
Арюна (Ariuna) Арсалановна (Arsalanovna) Раднагуруева (Radnagurueva) ◽  
Елена (Elena) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) Лаврентьева (Lavrent'eva) ◽  
Дарима (Darima) Дондоковна (Dondokovna) Бархутова (Barkhutova) ◽  
Даниил (Daniil) Николаевич (Nikolaevich) Оленников (Olennikov)
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Baikal Region ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Uronic Acids ◽  
Molecular Masses ◽  
Carbohydrate Components ◽  
First Time

Alkaline hydrotherms of the Baikal region are extreme aquatic ecosystems characterized by the presence of the specific microbial communities, mats. A study of the carbohydrate composition of the biomass of microbial maths from four hydrothermal waters of the Baikal region (Alla, Garga, Seya, Umkhei) showed the presence of mannitol (1,93–7,25 mg/g, from the dry weight), uronic acids (1,15–15,85 mg/g) and neutral monosaccharides. The latter were galactose (2,02–56,56 mg/g), glucose (2,00–45,96 mg/g), mannose (4,83–78,86 mg/g), xylose (1,18–10,53 mg/g), fucose (0,23–2,40 mg/g), and arabinose and rhamnose as a trace. It is shown that the mats from the studied hydrothermal waters of the Baikal region characterized by the different ratio of carbohydrate groups and a specific monosaccharide composition. A fraction of water-soluble polysaccharides was isolated from the biomass of the microbial mat of Seya hydrotherm. It was a mixture of seven components with molecular masses from 122 to 1700 kDa. The dominant polymer Se-WSPS-07 with a molecular weight 122 kDa was isolated and preliminarily characterized as a heteropolysaccharide containing galactose, glucose, mannose as dominant monosaccharides, and protein (5,92%). It was found that Se-WSPS-07 possesses biological activity demonstrating its perspectiveness for the further study as a therapeutic agent. The chemical characteristics of the carbohydrate components of microbial maths from the alkaline hydrotherms of the Baikal region were realized for the first time.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE POLYSACCHARIDE COMPOSITION OF THE FRUITS LYCIUM BARBARUM L. AND LYCIUM LUTHENICUM MURR

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
M.A. SEKINAEVA ◽  
◽  
S.V. KRIVOSHCHEKOV ◽  
O.N. DENISENKO ◽  
B.N. ZHITAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Uronic Acids ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Lycium Barbarum ◽  
Lycium Ruthenicum ◽  
Polysaccharide Composition ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pectin Substances

The polysaccharide complex (PSCs) of the Lycium barbarum fruits (commercially available and introduced in the research Institute of Biotechnology of Gorsky GAU, RSO-Alania) and wild Lycium ruthenicum (Absheron District, Tugchay River valley) was studied for the first time. The PSC yield from Lycium barbarum L. fruits was 1. and 1.7 % versus 3.1% from Lycium ruthenicum . In the majority of cases, uronic acids are present in the fraction of water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPS-2) and pectin substances (PS) of Lycium ruthenicum in the amount of 60.0% and 58.0%, respectively. Arabinose is present in the largest amount in all PSK (more than 43%). The second largest monomer is galactose, which is also identified in all polysaccharides. The molecular weight of the 'acidic' and 'neutral' polysaccharides (WSPS-1 and WSPS-2) of the Lycium fruits under consideration differs to a significant extent.

The first record of Gyalideopsis helvetica (Graphidaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) for Russia from the southern part of Lake Baikal Region

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. N. Urbanavichene
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Baikal Region ◽  
First Record ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Lake Baikal Region ◽  
First Time

Until recently only two species of Gyalideopsis (G. piceicola and G. alnicola) were known from very few localities in Russia. Gyalideopsis helvetica is reported for the first time for Russia from the southern part of Baikal area (KhamarDaban Range, Baikalsky Zapovednik). Description of the collected specimen and its comparison with the literature data are provided; morphology, ecology and distribution of G. helvetica are discussed. The hyphophores of G. helvetica are recorded and described for the first time. An identification key to Gyalideopsis species known in Russia is provided.

Natrophosphate from the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland

2001 ◽  
pp. 139-141
Author(s):  
Ole V. Petersen ◽  
Alexander P. Khomyakov ◽  
Henning Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Kola Peninsula ◽  
Unit Cell Parameter ◽  
Cell Parameter ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Drill Core ◽  
Alkaline Complex ◽  
First Time ◽  
Alkaline Complexes

NOTE: This article was published in a former series of GEUS Bulletin. Please use the original series name when citing this article, for example: Petersen, O. V., Khomyakov, A. P., & Henning. (2001). Natrophosphate from the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 190, 139-141. https://doi.org/10.34194/ggub.v190.5184 _______________ The rare mineral natrophosphate has been identified for the first time in the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex in a drill core from the Kvanefjeld area. It occurs sparsely in zoned veinlets with cores of natrophosphate and borders of fibrous trona. The natrophosphate is more or less smoky, transparent and unaltered. The refractive index n = 1.448 ± 0.005 is low compared to that given for the material from the type locality, Khibina alkaline complex, Kola Peninsula; the unit cell parameter a = 27.76 ± 0.05 Å is in excellent agreement with that given for the material from the type locality. The veins occur in hyper-agpaitic naujakasite lujavrite; villiaumite is an associated mineral. Only a few water-soluble minerals have so far been found in the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex compared to the wealth of such minerals in the Khibina and Lovozero alkaline complexes. This is possibly at least partly due to lack of necessary precautions during sampling.

Resveratrol: A new potential therapeutic agent for melanoma?

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Hossein Pourhanifeh ◽  
Kazem Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi ◽  
Mohammad Goodarzi ◽  
Sara G.M. Piccirillo ◽  
Alimohammad Shafiee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Apoptosis Inducer ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
First Time

: Melanoma is the most life-threatening and aggressive class of skin malignancies. The incidence of melanoma has steadily increased. Metastatic melanoma is greatly resistant to standard anti-melanomatreatments such as chemotherapy, and 5-year survival rate of cases with melanoma who have metastatic form of disease is less than 10%. The contributing role of apoptosis, angiogenesis and autophagy in the pathophysiology of melanoma has been previously demonstrated. Thus, it is extremely urgent to search for complementary therapeutic approachesthat couldenhance the quality of life of subjects and reduce treatment resistance and adverse effects. Resveratrol, known as a polyphenol component present in grapes and some plants, has anti-cancer properties due to its function as an apoptosis inducer in tumor cells, and anti-angiogenic agent to prevent metastasis. However, more clinical trials should be conducted to prove resveratrol efficacy. : Herein, for first time, we summarize current knowledge of anti-cancerous activities of resveratrol in melanoma.

scholarly journals Valorization of sugarcane bagasse by chemical pretreatment and enzyme mediated deconstruction

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vihang S. Thite ◽  
Anuradha S. Nerurkar
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Chemical Pretreatment ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Soluble Components

Abstract After chemical pretreatment, improved amenability of agrowaste biomass for enzymatic saccharification needs an understanding of the effect exerted by pretreatments on biomass for enzymatic deconstruction. In present studies, NaOH, NH4OH and H2SO4 pretreatments effectively changed visible morphology imparting distinct fibrous appearance to sugarcane bagasse (SCB). Filtrate analysis after NaOH, NH4OH and H2SO4 pretreatments yielded release of soluble reducing sugars (SRS) in range of ~0.17–0.44%, ~0.38–0.75% and ~2.9–8.4% respectively. Gravimetric analysis of pretreated SCB (PSCB) biomass also revealed dry weight loss in range of ~25.8–44.8%, ~11.1–16.0% and ~28.3–38.0% by the three pretreatments in the same order. Release of soluble components other than SRS, majorly reported to be soluble lignins, were observed highest for NaOH followed by H2SO4 and NH4OH pretreatments. Decrease or absence of peaks attributed to lignin and loosened fibrous appearance of biomass during FTIR and SEM studies respectively further corroborated with our observations of lignin removal. Application of commercial cellulase increased raw SCB saccharification from 1.93% to 38.84%, 25.56% and 9.61% after NaOH, H2SO4 and NH4OH pretreatments. Structural changes brought by cell wall degrading enzymes were first time shown visually confirming the cell wall disintegration under brightfield, darkfield and fluorescence microscopy. The microscopic evidence and saccharification results proved that the chemical treatment valorized the SCB by making it amenable for enzymatic saccharification.

scholarly journals Pressurized Hot Liquid Extraction with 15% v/v Glycerol-Water as an Effective Environment-Friendly Process to Obtain Durvillaea Incurvata and Lessonia Spicata Phlorotannin Extracts with Antioxidant and Antihyperglycemic Potential

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1105
Author(s):  
Fernanda Erpel ◽  
María Salomé Mariotti-Celis ◽  
Javier Parada ◽  
Franco Pedreschi ◽  
José Ricardo Pérez-Correa
Keyword(s):  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Glycerol Water ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
First Time ◽  
Anatomical Part

Brown seaweed phlorotannins have shown the potential to promote several health benefits. Durvillaea incurvata and Lessonia spicata—species that are widely distributed in central and southern Chile—were investigated to obtain phlorotannin extracts with antioxidant and antihyperglycemic potential. The use of an environmentally friendly and food-grade glycerol-based pressurized hot liquid extraction (PHLE) process (15% v/v glycerol water) was assessed for the first time to obtain phlorotannins. Multiple effects were analyzed, including the effect of the species, harvesting area (Las Cruces and Niebla), and anatomical part (holdfast, stipe, and frond) on the extracts’ polyphenol content (TPC), antioxidant capacity (AC), and carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzyme—α-glucosidase and α-amylase—inhibitory activity. Contaminants, such as mannitol, heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, Hg, and Sn), and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), were also determined. The anatomical part used demonstrated a significant impact on the extracts’ TPC and AC, with holdfasts showing the highest values (TPC: 95 ± 24 mg phloroglucinol equivalents/g dry extract; DPPH: 400 ± 140 μmol Trolox equivalents/g dry extract; ORAC: 560 ± 130 μmol TE/g dry extract). Accordingly, holdfast extracts presented the most potent α-glucosidase inhibition, with D. incurvata from Niebla showing an activity equivalent to fifteen times that of acarbose. Only one frond and stipe extract showed significant α-glucosidase inhibitory capacity. No α-amylase inhibition was found in any extract. Although no HMF was detected, potentially hazardous cadmium levels (over the French limit) and substantial mannitol concentrations—reaching up to 50% of the extract dry weight—were found in most seaweed samples and extracts. Therefore, further purification steps are suggested if food or pharmaceutical applications are intended for the seaweed PHLE extracts obtained in this study.

scholarly journals Effects of exogenous silicon on maize seed germination and seedling growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yankun Sun ◽  
Jiaqi Xu ◽  
Xiangyang Miao ◽  
Xuesong Lin ◽  
Wanzhen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System

AbstractAs the global population continues to increase, global food production needs to double by 2050 to meet the demand. Given the current status of the not expansion of cultivated land area, agronomic seedlings are complete, well-formed and strong, which is the basis of high crop yields. The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of seed germination and seedling growth in response to silicon (from water-soluble Si fertilizer). The effects of Si on the maize germination, seedling growth, chlorophyll contents, osmoprotectant contents, antioxidant enzyme activities, non-enzymatic antioxidant contents and stomatal characteristics were studied by soaking Xianyu 335 in solutions of different concentrations of Si (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 g·L−1). In this study, Si treatments significantly increased the seed germination and per-plant dry weight of seedlings (P < 0.05), and the optimal concentration was 15 g·L−1. As a result of the Si treatment of the seeds, the chlorophyll content, osmotic material accumulation and antioxidant defence system activity increased, reducing membrane system damage, reactive oxygen species contents, and stomatal aperture. The results suggested that 15 g·L−1 Si significantly stimulated seed germination and promoted the growth of maize seedlings, laying a solid foundation for subsequent maize growth.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolic and Sugar Profiles of Date Fruits Extracts from Six Different Algerian Cultivars as Influenced by Ripening Stages and Extraction Systems

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 503
Author(s):  
Malika Tassoult ◽  
Djamel Edine Kati ◽  
María África Fernández-Prior ◽  
Alejandra Bermúdez-Oria ◽  
Juan Fernandez-Bolanos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Ripening Stages ◽  
Date Fruit ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
First Time

The study investigated the phenols, sugar and the antioxidant capacities of date fruit extracts obtained by organic solvents and by hydrothermal treatment from six different Algerian cultivars at two ripening stages for the first time. The analyzed cultivars exhibited potent antioxidant properties (ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) scavenging capacities) and different phenols regardless of the solvents and the maturity stages. About 18 phenols were identified and quantified, mainly in the hydrothermal extracts. The earlier stages were characterized by high amounts of o-coumaric acid, cinnamic acid and luteolin, with a noticeable absence of quercetin. The tamr stage presented the highest sugar content (78.15–86.85 mg/100 mg dry weight (DW)) with an abundance of glucose. Galactose was present only in some cultivars from the kimri stage (tamjouhert). Uronic acids were mostly detected at the tamr stage (4.02–8.82 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 mg dried weight). The obtained results highlight the potential of using date fruit extracts as natural antioxidants, especially at industrial scales that tend use hydrothermal extraction.

scholarly journals Incorporation of alternative amino acids into cyanophycin by different cyanophycin synthetases heterologously expressed in Corynebacterium glutamicum

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona Wördemann ◽  
Lars Wiefel ◽  
Volker F. Wendisch ◽  
Alexander Steinbüchel
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Amino Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Polyaspartic Acid ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Cyanophycin Synthetase ◽  
Potential Precursor

AbstractCyanophycin (multi-l-arginyl-poly-l-aspartic acid; also known as cyanophycin grana peptide [CGP]) is a biopolymer that could be used in various fields, for example, as a potential precursor for the synthesis of polyaspartic acid or for the production of CGP-derived dipeptides. To extend the applications of this polymer, it is therefore of interest to synthesize CGP with different compositions. A recent re-evaluation of the CGP synthesis in C. glutamicum has shown that C. glutamicum is a potentially interesting microorganism for CGP synthesis with a high content of alternative amino acids. This study shows that the amount of alternative amino acids can be increased by using mutants of C. glutamicum with altered amino acid biosynthesis. With the DM1729 mutant, the lysine content in the polymer could be increased up to 33.5 mol%. Furthermore, an ornithine content of up to 12.6 mol% was achieved with ORN2(Pgdh4). How much water-soluble or insoluble CGP is synthesized is strongly related to the used cyanophycin synthetase. CphADh synthesizes soluble CGP exclusively. However, soluble CGP could also be isolated from cells expressing CphA6308Δ1 or CphA6308Δ1_C595S in addition to insoluble CGP in all examined strains. The point mutation in CphA6308Δ1_C595S partially resulted in a higher lysine content. In addition, the CGP content could be increased to 36% of the cell dry weight under optimizing growth conditions in C. glutamicum ATCC13032. All known alternative major amino acids for CGP synthesis (lysine, ornithine, citrulline, and glutamic acid) could be incorporated into CGP in C. glutamicum.

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