scholarly journals Differences in alcohol consumption habits between Roma and non-Roma in Northeastern Slovenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Zelko ◽  
Igor Švab ◽  
Marko Kolšek ◽  
Jana Podojsteršek ◽  
Maja Sever
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Roma Population ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Consumption Habits

Introduction: Slovenia has a high level of alcohol consumption. Comparisons of the alcohol drinking habits of the Roma and non-Roma population have yielded conflicting results. The aim of this research was to compare alcohol consumption habits between Roma and non-Roma in a sample population in Northeastern Slovenia. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in which we included 100 representatives of Roma and 100 representatives of non-Roma population, aged 18 to 65 years. The questionnaire used included demographic data (gender, age, marital status, education, and employment) and the AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) questionnaire. Two logistic regression models (teetotallers/drinkers and non-hazardous drinkers/other drinkers) were used for the comparison of drinking habits. Results: Roma scored lower on overall AUDIT score (4.51) than non-Roma (4.56). Roma and non-Roma differ significantly regarding teetotallers (39.0% vs. 16.0%) and non-hazardous drinkers (38.0% vs. 64.0%). Ethnicity was identified to have a statistically significant impact on the studied drinking behaviour: teetotallers (p < 0.001) and non-hazardous drinkers (p = 0.015). Discussion and conclusion: Our aim was to look at the differences between the two groups rather than obtain representative data on the population. Our research also casts a doubt on whether the AUDIT scale is suitable for measuring alcohol abuse.

scholarly journals Elevated alcohol consumption among geriatric psychiatric in-patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-410
Author(s):  
Anne-Sofie Helvik ◽  
Knut Engedal ◽  
Aud Johannessen
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Geriatric Psychiatry ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression

Introduction: Although a clear relationship has been established between elevated alcohol consumption and psychiatric problems in old age, there are few descriptions of the prevalence of elevated alcohol consumption in older adults who have been referred to geriatric psychiatric treatment. Aim: To describe the prevalence of self-reported elevated alcohol consumption in men and women referred to geriatric psychiatry wards in Norway, and to explore factors associated with elevated alcohol consumption. Method: This cross-sectional study includes data from a registry of geriatric psychiatry patients aged ≥ 65 years from December 2016 until December 2018. The outcome measure was reported elevated alcohol consumption assessed with the short version of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C). The analyses used demographic data as well as a measure of cognitive function, psychiatric diagnosis and use of psychotropic drugs. Results: In total, 367 patients (131, 35.7% men) with a mean ( SD) age of 74.7 (7.6) years were included. Of these patients, 27% scored above the pre-set cut-off for elevated alcohol consumption according to AUDIT-C (≥ 3 and 4 for women and men, respectively). The prevalence of elevated alcohol did not differ by gender. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, older age, living with someone and use of antidepressants were associated with reduced odds for reporting elevated alcohol consumption ( OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.89–0.96; OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.31–0.97; and 0.54, 95% CI 0.32–0.92, respectively). Conclusion: A relatively high proportion of psychiatric patients aged 65 years or older reported elevated alcohol consumption, regardless of diagnosis. Older age, living with someone and use of antidepressants were associated with lower odds for elevated alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals Compliance to Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS) Chemotherapy among the Patient of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Banke District of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Ram Bahadur Nepali ◽  
Damaru Prasad Paneru
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Regular Treatment ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Tubercular infection is still a pervasive public health problem in Nepal despite the massive efforts of National Health Service stakeholders. High bacterial infectivity, transmissibility, increasing drug resistance and non compliance to the therapy have been adding up challenges to prevention and control of tuberculosis. This study was conducted to observe the treatment compliance pattern among new pulmonary sputum smear positive cases of tuberculosis. A cross sectional study was carried out in the year 2009. The 114 new smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients registered in the six selected DOTS centres of the Banke Disrtict were randomly selected. Participants were selected from each DOTS centre by probability proportionate sampling methods. Data were analyzed by SPSS (11.0 Version) and P< 0.05 was considered as significant. Overall compliance to DOTS was 86.80 percent; of these, 57.00 percent showed excellent and regular compliance followed by nearly 30 percent good compliance. And 13.20 percent participants were non complaint to DOTS therapy. Positive Family behaviors were positively associated with compliance while alcohol consumption was found to be negatively associated with compliance however; age, sex and income were found to be non significant factors for compliance. Feeling of getting cure even before the course of DOTS therapy (feeling better after 2-3 months regular treatment) and drinking habits were found to be the major causes of non compliance. Supportive family behaviors and avoidance of alcohol consumption may promote the compliance. Excellent treatment compliance in the face of many odds is highly encouraging and the pattern can be useful in treatment despite little non compliances; furthermore compliance can be enhanced by acting on these causes of non compliances. Key words: Pulmonary, Tuberculosis, DOTS, Banke, Nepal

scholarly journals Moderators of the association between discrimination and alcohol consumption: findings from a representative sample of Brazilian university students

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela Zeni Coelho ◽  
João Luiz Bastos ◽  
Roger Keller Celeste
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
University Life

Introduction: Few studies about discrimination and patterns of alcohol consumption among youth populations have been conducted outside the United States addressing different types of discriminatory experiences, in addition to racially motivated events. This study investigated moderators of the association between discrimination attributed to single and multiple reasons and patterns of alcohol consumption.Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled a representative sample (n = 1,264) of undergraduate students from Florianópolis, southern Brazil, in 2013. Analyses included adjustment of associations for covariates in ordinal logistic regression models and the examination of effect modification by common mental disorders, year of study and age.Results: Discrimination was reported by 65.8% of the students, and alcohol consumption, by 80.0%. Over half of the students reported being discriminated against for two or more reasons. The odds of alcohol-related problems were higher among lastyear students that reported discrimination (odds ratio [OR] = 1.9, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.0-3.4) or multiple reasons for being discriminated against (OR = 2.3, 95%CI 1.3- 4.3), when compared to first-year students that did not report discrimination. For the whole sample, there were no associations between discrimination, discrimination attributed to multiple reasons and patterns of alcohol consumption (OR = 1.0, 95%CI 0.8-1.4; and OR = 0.9, 95%CI 0.5-1.6).Conclusions: The effects of discrimination on the patterns of alcohol consumption are seen at a critical period in university life, specifically during the completion of undergraduate studies.

The association between studying in health promoting schools and adolescent smoking and alcohol consumption in Lithuania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rūta Maceinaitė ◽  
Genė Šurkienė ◽  
Žymantas Žandaras ◽  
Rimantas Stukas
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adolescent Smoking ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

Summary The concept of the Health Promoting School (HPS) encourages a holistic approach to promoting health in schools, instead of a more traditional education on health. The aim of this paper was to determine the association between studying in a HPS and smoking and alcohol consumption among adolescents. A cross-sectional study of 3574 adolescents from 44 HPS and 66 non-HPSs was conducted. The association between studying in a HPS and smoking and alcohol consumption among adolescents was analysed using logistic regression models. Pearson’s χ2 test was used to determine the differences between HPS and non-HPS students’ sociodemographic characteristics, and the difference in distribution of students who smoked and consumed alcohol at various rates across different groups. Studying in a HPS setting was not significantly associated with adolescent smoking or attempts to smoke. Compared to HPS students, non-HPS students had a significantly higher chance of attempting to consume alcohol and consumed alcohol once a month or more frequently. In comparing the distribution of HPS and non-HPS students according to the frequency of smoking and alcohol consumption across various groups of respondents, it was determined that some factors were associated with frequency of smoking and alcohol consumption among adolescents. The results of the study showed that studying in a HPS was associated with a reduction in both smoking and alcohol consumption, and therefore it is advisable to further develop the HPS network. However, both the individual and educational characteristics of adolescents must be taken into account when planning prevention measures.

scholarly journals Alcohol Consumption Among Spanish Female Adolescents: Related Factors and National Trends 2006–2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazaret Alonso-Fernández ◽  
Isabel Jiménez-Trujillo ◽  
Valentín Hernández-Barrera ◽  
Domingo Palacios-Ceña ◽  
Pilar Carrasco-Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Adolescent Women ◽  
Perceived Availability ◽  
National Trends

Background: The purpose of this study was: (a) to estimate trends over time in the prevalence of alcohol consumption among female adolescents between 2006 and 2014; (b) to identify the factors associated with the probability of consuming alcohol during this period for Spanish female adolescents (14–18 years old). Methods: Spanish nationwide, epidemiological, cross-sectional study on alcohol consumption by adolescent women. We used individualized secondary data retrieved from the 2006 and 2014 Spanish state survey on drug use in secondary education, for a total of 48,676 survey respondents aged 14 to 18 years. Alcohol use was the dependent variable. We also analyzed sociodemographic and educational features, lifestyle habits, perceived health risk for consumption, and perceived availability of substance using logistic regression models. Results: The prevalence of alcohol consumption among female adolescents was 62.35% during the study period. Alcohol consumption increased with age and was more frequent on weekends than on school days. The variables associated with a greater probability of alcohol consumption were tobacco, marijuana (aOR = 2.37; 95% CI: 2.08–2.72), and alcohol consumption by friends (aOR = 7.24; 95% CI: 6.42–8.16). Conclusions: Alcohol consumption by female adolescents in Spain significantly increased from 2006 to 2014. Marijuana and alcohol consumption by friends were associated factors.

scholarly journals Did COVID-19 Pandemic Change People’s Physical Activity Distribution, Eating, and Alcohol Consumption Habits as well as Body Mass Index?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12405
Author(s):  
Albertas Skurvydas ◽  
Ausra Lisinskiene ◽  
Marc Lochbaum ◽  
Daiva Majauskiene ◽  
Dovile Valanciene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Activity Distribution ◽  
Metabolic Equivalent Of Task ◽  
Sport Clubs ◽  
Consumption Habits

This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate whether COVID-19 had an impact on people’s (aged 18–74) physical activity distribution, eating, and alcohol consumption habits as well as body mass index. We interviewed 6369 people (4545 women and 1824 men) in Lithuania before the COVID-19 pandemic started and 2392 during COVID-19 (1856 women and 536 men). They were aged 18–74 years. We found that both genders had not stopped their physical activity (PA) completely because of lockdown imitations (for example, prohibition from attending sport clubs), but they started doing different physical exercises at sport clubs. We determined the PA distribution according to the Danish Physical Activity Questionnaire (DPAQ). Despite increases in independent PA and the quantity of light PA, the amount of total energy used in metabolic equivalent of task (MET) units per day decreased significantly for both genders irrespective of age. Although the amounts of sedentary behavior, moderate PA (MPA), vigorous PA (VPA) or a combination of MPA and VPA (MVPA) did not change significantly. Surprisingly, lockdown reduced the duration of sleep for older women but increased their amount of intense VPA (>6 METs). However, the amount of intense VPA decreased for men. Both genders reported overeating less during the pandemic than before it, but did not start consuming more alcohol, and their body mass index did not change. Thus, the COVID-19 in Lithuania represented ‘good stress’ that mobilized these individuals to exercise more independently and overeat less.

scholarly journals Association between dating violence and personality type in Mexican university students

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla L. Cortés-Treviño ◽  
Adriana Garduño-Alanis ◽  
Guadalupe Villalobos Monroy
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Personality Type ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Logistic Regression Models

Abstract Violence against women is a global health problem. Some pathological personality traits have been associated with violence. However, the relation between personality type and dating violence, especially in Mexican students, is not fully known. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the relation between personality type and dating violence in female university students of the State of Mexico, Mexico. Cross-sectional study conducted from February to September 2019 at a private university in the State of Mexico, Mexico. Female students of the bachelor’s degrees in the field of health sciences were included. Socio-demographic data, dating violence, and personality type were evaluated through questionnaires. Adjusted logistic regression models were applied, using STATA v.13. Students with an extroverted personality were 2.45 more likely to suffer dating violence (95% CI 1.29 to 4.63), adjusted for covariates. Those who reported childhood abuse (OR = 2.33, 95% CI 1.08 to 5.01) and whom their partners had a history of drug use (OR = 2.78, 95% CI 1.17 to 6.60) or who currently use drugs (OR = 4.85, 95% CI 0.92 to 25.7), were more likely to suffer dating violence, adjusted for covariates. Students with extroverted personality were more likely to experience dating violence, compared to those with introverted personality. The results show the need to produce further research to identify specific traits within extroverted female population which makes them vulnerable to dating violence.

scholarly journals Demographic and Lifestyle Predictors of Prehypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study among Apparently Healthy Adults in Kumasi, Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddie-Williams Owiredu ◽  
Ebenezer Dontoh ◽  
Selma E. S. Essuman ◽  
Bashiratu B. Bazanfara
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Background. Prehypertension has been shown to increase future risk of hypertension. Some demographic and lifestyle characteristics have been implicated to increase the risk of development of prehypertension. Yet, there is paucity of data on the current prevalence of prehypertension and its associated risk factors in Ghana. This study evaluated the prevalence of prehypertension and examined the demographic and lifestyle characteristics associated with prehypertension among apparently healthy Ghanaian adults in Kumasi. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted from March to April, 2018, in Kumasi, Ghana. A total of 204 participants (80 males, 124 females, 25 years and above) who reported not diagnosed of hypertension and not on any antihypertensive medication were included in the study. Validated questionnaire was used to obtain sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics of study participants. Height and weight of each respondent were measured and their corresponding Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. Blood pressure (BP) was measured with an automated blood pressure apparatus from the right arm. Prehypertension was defined as systolic BP of 120-139 mmHg and/or diastolic BP of 80-89 mmHg. Results. Out of 204 participants, the prevalence of prehypertension was 49.0%. From multivariate logistic regression models, having lower level of education [aOR=2.74, 95% CI (1.15-6.55), p=0.02], not practicing at least 30 min daily walks [aOR=2.59, 95% CI (1.31-5.10), p=0.01], not exercising routinely [aOR=1.93, 95% CI (0.97-3.85), p=0.04], and alcohol consumption [aOR=3.58(1.52-8.46), p=0.004] were independently associated with higher odds of prehypertension. Conclusion. The prevalence of prehypertension is high among apparently healthy Ghanaian adults (49.0%). Lower educational level, sedentary lifestyle, and alcohol consumption are the predominant risk factors for prehypertension in Kumasi.

scholarly journals Factors associated with the implementation of programs for drug abuse prevention in schools

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Dias Pereira ◽  
Ângela Tavares Paes ◽  
Zila M Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Abuse Prevention ◽  
Drug Abuse Prevention ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze if characteristics of managers, schools, and curriculum are associated with the implementation of programs for drug abuse prevention in elementary and high schools. METHODS Cross-sectional study, with random sample of 263 school managers. Data were collected between 2012 and 2013 by a program that sends forms via internet. A closed self-filling questionnaire was applied online. Statistical analysis included Chi-square tests and logistic regression models. The outcome variable was the presence of program for drug abuse prevention inserted in the daily life and educational program of the school. The explanatory variables were divided into: demographic data of the manager; characteristics of the school and of the curriculum; health education; and drug use in the school. RESULTS We found that 42.5% (95%CI 36.1–49.1) of the evaluated schools had programs for drug abuse prevention. With the multiple logistic regression model, we observed that the more time the manager has worked with education, the chance of the school having a program increased at about 4.0%. Experimenting with innovative teaching techniques also increased at about six times the chance of the school developing a program for drug abuse prevention. The difficulties in the implementation of the programs were more present in state and municipal schools, when compared with private schools, due to, for instance: lack of teaching materials, lack of money, and competing demands for teaching other subjects. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of programs for drug abuse prevention in the city of Sao Paulo is associated with the experience of the manager in education and with the teaching strategies of the school.

scholarly journals The Consumption of Alcoholic Beverages and the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases in Men and Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Suliga ◽  
Dorota Kozieł ◽  
Elzbieta Ciesla ◽  
Dorota Rebak ◽  
Martyna Głuszek-Osuch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Coronary Disease ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Logistic Regression Models

Associations between alcohol consumption and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases have been the subject of several studies for a long time; however, the presence and nature of any associations still remain unclear. The aim of the study was to analyze the associations between the consumption of alcoholic beverages and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in men and women. The data of 12,285 individuals aged 37–66 were used in the analysis. Multiple logistic regression models were utilized to estimate odds ratios and confidence intervals. The multivariable models included several potential confounders including age, education, marital status, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, smoking, coffee consumption, and statin use. The analyses were performed separately for men and women. In the model adjusted for confounders, the consumption from 0.1 to 10.0 g of alcohol/day was related to a lower risk of coronary disease and stroke (p < 0.05), and the consumption from 0.1 to 15.0 g/day was related to a lower risk of hypertension in women (p < 0.05). In men, in the adjusted model, there were no associations between alcohol consumption and the occurrence of hypertension or stroke. The risk of circulatory failure was significantly lower in the group in which participants drank more than 20.0 g of alcohol/day (p < 0.05) compared to nondrinkers. The risk of coronary disease was lower in drinkers at every level of alcohol consumption (p < 0.05) compared to nondrinkers. Alcohol consumption was related to a lower prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), both in men and women.

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